PostgreSQL Database Management
Chapter 1 Installation and Configuration
Outline
PostgreSQL is a very powerful, open source code for client / server relational database management system (RDBMS). Data types (such as JSON and JSONB type, array type) supports rich and custom type. The default page size PostgreSQL memory is 8kB.
PostgreSQL has the following key features:
1 Good SQL language support, support the ACID , associate integrity, database transactions, Unicode multilingual.
2 designing high concurrent read and write and do not clog
3 supports a number of types of database models: relational, document type (such as JSON and JSONB type, array type), Key / value types.
1 install PostgreSQL
-
- Installation PostgreSQL packet under linux rpm
1 installation repository RPM:
Yum install https://download.postgresql.org/pub/repos/yum/reporpms/EL-7-x86_64/pgdg-redhat-repo-latest.noarch.rpm
RPM package install server 2
yum list postgresql11-server.x86_64
3 install the client package:
yum list postgresql11.x86_64
4 to initialize the database and enable automatic startup:
/ usr / pgsql-11 / bin / postgresql-11-setup initdb
systemctl enable postgresql-11
systemctl start postgresql-11
PostgreSQL 1.2 linux installation of the source package
1 system environment to establish
gcc, bison, gcc-c++, readline, readline-devel, zlib, zlib-devel
yum install *gcc* -y
[root@Redhat7 ~]# yum install *bison* -y
[root@Redhat7 ~]# yum install *readline* -y
[root@Redhat7 ~]# yum install *zlib* -y
2 and linux system optimization
ulimit functions: control of the resource shell program
In the time following the deployment of Linux applications, sometimes encounter Socket File /: Can not open so many files in question; this value will also affect the maximum number of concurrent server, in fact, there is a Linux file handle limit, but Linux default not very high, usually 1024, with the production server is actually very easy to reach this number. Below that it is how to correct the system defaults by positive solution configuration.
/etc/security/limits.conf
soft nproc: maximum number of processes available to a single user (more than warn);
hard nproc: maximum number of processes available to a single user (more than being given);
soft nofile: to open the maximum number (more than warn) file descriptor;
hard nofile: the maximum number of open file descriptors (more than being given);
# End of f11e
* soft nof1le 1024000
* Hard nofile 1024000
* soft nproc 1024000
* hard nproc 1024000
[root@Redhat7 ~]# cat /etc/security/limits.d/20-nproc.conf
# Default limit for number of user's processes to prevent
# accidental fork bombs.
# See rhbz #432903 for reasoning.
* soft nproc 4096
root soft nproc unlimited
changed to
* soft nproc 1024000
* hard nproc 1024000
root soft nproc unlimited
3 Create the postgres user, and create the installation directory
[root@Redhat7 ~]# useradd postgres
[Root @ Redhat7 ~] # mkdir /opt/pgsql11.4 create home directories PG
[Root @ Redhat7 ~] # mkdir / pgdb create data directory PG
[root@Redhat7 ~]# chown -R postgres:postgres /opt/pgsql11.4/
[root@Redhat7 ~]# chown -R postgres:postgres /pgdb
4 Installing PostgreSQL
[root@Redhat7 pgsql11.4]# tar -zxvf postgresql-11.4.tar.gz
[root@Redhat7 postgresql-11.4]# ./configure --prefix=/opt/pgsql11.4
make
make install
PostgreSQL installation complete.
Port prefix = PREFIX - installation most frequently modified path
Mouth with- blocksize = BLOCKSIZE - database blocksize, the default 8KB
OLAP scene at this value can be increased to 32kB, in order to improve the performance of OLAP, it is recommended to use 8kB defaults in OLTP scenarios.
Port with-segsize = SEGSIZE - segment table file size, default 1GB
Mouth with-llvm - based JIT compiler to use Ivm
Port --with-wal-blocksize = BLOCKSIZE: WAL specify the block size of the file, the default is 8kB.
Port --with-wal-segsize = SEGSIZE: WAL specify a single file size, default is 16MB.
5 configuration environment variable
Relatively wide
we /home/postgres/.bash_profile
Add Content:
export PGPORT = 8432
export PGHOME=/usr/pgsql-11
export PGDATA=/mnt/db1/pgdata/pgsql
export PATH=$PGHOME/bin:$PATH
export MANPATH=$PGHOME/share/man:$MANPATH
export LANG = en_US.UTF-8
export DATE='date +"%Y%m%d%H%M"'
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$PGHOME/lib:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH
export PGHOST=$PGDATA
export PGUSER=postgres
usable
PGHOME=/opt/pgsql11.4
export PGHOME
PGDATA=/pgdb
export PGDATA
export PATH=$PGHOME/bin:$PATH
export PATH
6 initialize the database
Command to initialize the database cluster using initdb
A -D: database cluster home directory
--E: database character encoding
--wal-segsize: WAL log file size
- -U: specify the superuser
initdb -D /pgdb/
[postgres@RHCE7 ~]$ initdb -D /pgdb/
The files belonging to this database system will be owned by user "postgres".
This user must also own the server process.
The database cluster will be initialized with locale "zh_CN.UTF-8".
The default database encoding has accordingly been set to "UTF8".
initdb: could not find suitable text search configuration for locale "zh_CN.UTF-8"
The default text search configuration will be set to "simple".
Data page checksums are disabled.
fixing permissions on existing directory /pgdb ... ok
creating subdirectories ... ok
selecting default max_connections ... 100
selecting default shared_buffers ... 128MB
selecting default timezone ... PRC
selecting dynamic shared memory implementation ... posix
creating configuration files ... ok
running bootstrap script ... ok
performing post-bootstrap initialization ... ok
syncing data to disk ... ok
WARNING: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections
You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A, or
--auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb.
Success. You can now start the database server using:
pg_ctl -D /pgdb/ -l logfile start
[postgres@RHCE7 ~]$ pg_ctl -D /pgdb/ -l logfile start
waiting for server to start.... done
server started
7 at startup
[root@RHCE7 ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-11.service
[Unit]
Description=PostgreSQL database server
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
User=postgres
Group=postgres
# Port number for server to listen on
Environment = PGPORT = 5432
# Location of database directory
Environment=PGDATA=/pgdb/
# Where to send early-startup messages from the server (before the logging
# options of postgresql.conf take effect)
# This is normally controlled by the global default set by systemd
# StandardOutput=syslog
# Disable OOM kill on the postmaster
OOMScoreAdjust=-1000
#ExecStartPre=/opt/pgsql11.4/bin/postgresql-check-db-dir ${PGDATA}
ExecStart=/opt/pgsql11.4/bin/pg_ctl start -D ${PGDATA} -s -o "-p ${PGPORT}" -w -t 300
ExecStop=/opt/pgsql11.4/bin/pg_ctl stop -D ${PGDATA} -s -m fast
ExecReload=/opt/pgsql11.4/bin/pg_ctl reload -D ${PGDATA} -s
# Give a reasonable amount of time for the server to start up/shut down
TimeoutSec=300
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
[root@RHCE7 ~]# systemctl enable /usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-11.service
Init 6 reboot testing
[root@RHCE7 ~]# systemctl status postgresql-11.service
● postgresql-11.service - PostgreSQL database server
Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/postgresql-11.service; enabled; vendor preset: disabled)
Active: active (running) since 日 2019-09-15 00:37:04 CST; 3min 47s ago
Process: 936 ExecStart=/opt/pgsql11.4/bin/pg_ctl start -D ${PGDATA} -s -o -p ${PGPORT} -w -t 300 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS)
1.3PostgreSQL remote access (linux version)
linux version of postgresql default can not directly access their remote database is therefore a need to modify postgreSQL database configuration for remote access.
Specific operation is as follows: the following modifications postgresql.conf
At the end user to add parameters:
listen_address = '*', be careful not to be commented out
Enable password authentication
# Password_encryption = md5 amended as password_encryption = md5
Modify the contents of the pg_hba.conf file:
Users can access the ip segment
In the end of the file added: host all all 0.0.0.0/0 trust
You can also host all all all trust
Restart postgreSQL database: After a successful start, then connect the remote
