windows system basic operation command
windows key + R: pop operation box, enter 'cmd' into the command manager.
Inside input commands can do the following:
command | Features |
---|---|
File / directory operations |
|
to you | Subfolders display the current directory folder and file |
dir / b | Show only sub-files in the current directory folder and file name |
dir / p | Pagination sub-files in the current directory folder and file |
dir / ad | Pagination sub-files in the current directory folder and file |
dir / ad | Display files in the current directory |
dir c: \ test | Show c: \ test directory contents |
dir keys.txt | Displays the current information in the catalog of keys.txt |
dir / S | Recursively displays the contents of the current directory (ctrl + C key terminates the current command) |
you key * | Show the information in the current directory that begin with the key files and folders |
DIR / AH / OS | Only displays the current directory hidden files and directories, and sorted from small to large file size |
tree | Displays the directory structure |
tree d:\myfiles | Display d: \ myfiles directory structure |
ren(rename) | Rename the file or directory |
ren rec.txt rec.ini | The rec.txt files in the current directory rename rec.ini |
ren rec.txt rec.ini | The rec.txt files in the current directory rename rec.ini |
md(make dir) |
Create a directory |
md movie music | Create a file called movie and music folders in the current directory |
md d:\test\movie | Create d: \ test \ movie directory |
rd (remove dir) | Remove directory Example: rd movie // delete the current movie clip empty files in a directory Example: rd / s / qd: \ test // quiet mode, delete d: \ test (in addition to the directory itself, will also delete all the files and subdirectories in the specified directory) |
copy |
Copy files |
copy key.txt c:\doc | The current directory key.txt copied to the c: \ doc (doc if there is also a key.txt file, you will be asked whether to overwrite) |
copy jobs c:\doc | The jobs file in the current directory in a folder (not recursive subdirectory) copies to the c: \ doc (doc also if there is a corresponding file, you will be asked whether to overwrite) |
copy key.txt c:\doc\key_bak.txt | Key.txt in the current directory will be copied to the c: \ doc, and renamed key_bak.txt (doc if there is also a key_bak.txt file, you will be asked whether to overwrite) |
copy /Y key.txt c:\doc | Key.txt in the current directory will be copied to the c: \ doc (not asked directly cover write) |
copy key.txt + | Copy the file to yourself, in fact, changed the file date |
copy /Y key1.txt + key2.txt key.txt | The content key1.txt with key2.txt under the current directory key.txt written in merger (not asked directly cover write) |
copy /B art_2.7z.* art_2.7z | The art_2.7z. All Files (Sort by name in ascending order) at the beginning of the current directory merge in order to generate art_2.7z |
copy/B art_2.7z.001+art_2.7z.002 art_2.7z | The merger art_2.7z.001, art_2.7z.002 files in the current directory art_2.7z |
move |
Moving Files |
move *.png test | The png image under the current directory to the current directory test folder (if the test is also the same name exists png image, you will be asked whether to overwrite) |
move /Y *.png test | The png image under the current directory to the current directory test folder (do not ask, write directly cover) |
move 1.png d:\test\2.png | 1.png will move in the current directory to the d drive test folder and rename it to 2.png (if the test is also the same name exists png image, you will be asked whether to overwrite) |
move test d:\new | 若d盘中存在new文件夹,将当前目录下的test文件夹移动到d盘new文件夹中;若不存在,将当前目录下的test文件夹移动到d盘,并重命名为new |
del | 删除文件 注意:目录及子目录都不会删除 |
del test | 删除当前目录下的test文件夹中的所有非只读文件(子目录下的文件不删除;删除前会进行确认;等价于del test\*) |
del /f test | 删除当前目录下的test文件夹中的所有文件(含只读文件;子目录下的文件不删除;删除前会进行确认;等价于del /f test\*) |
del /f /s /q test d:\test2\*.doc | 删除当前目录下的test文件夹中所有文件及d:\test2中所有doc文件(含只读文件;递归子目录下的文件;删除前不确认) |
文件查看 |
|
type |
显示文本文件内容 |
type c:\11.txt | 显示c盘中11.txt的文本内容 |
type conf.ini | 显示当前目录下conf.ini的文本内容 |
type c:\11.txt | more | 分页显示c盘中11.txt的文本内容 |
more | 逐屏的显示文本文件内容 |
more conf.ini | 逐屏的显示当前目录下conf.ini的文本内容 【空格:下一屏 q:退出 】 |
特殊符号 |
|
& | 顺序执行多条命令,而不管命令是否执行成功 |
cd /d d:\src&work.exe /o c:\result.txt | 先将当前工作目录切换到d:\src下,然后执行work.exe /o c:\result.txt命令 |
&& | 顺序执行多条命令,当碰到执行出错的命令后将不执行后面的命令 |
find "ok" c:\test.txt && echo | 如果找到了"ok"字样,就显示"成功",找不到就不显示 |
|| | 顺序执行多条命令,当碰到执行正确的命令后将不执行后面的命令 |
find "ok" c:\test.txt || echo | 如果找不到"ok"字样,就显示"不成功",找到了就不显示 |
, | 在某些特殊的情况下可以用来代替空格使用 |
dir,c:\ | 相当于:dir c:\ |
; | 当命令相同的时候,可以将不同的目标用;隔离开来但执行效果不变。如执行过程中发生错误则只返回错误报告但程序还是会继续执行 |
dir c:\;d:\;e:\ | dir c:\ dir d:\ dir e:\ |
输出 |
|
echo | 输出一个"回车换行",空白行 |
echo off | 后续所有命令在执行前,不打印出命令的内容 |
echo on | 后续所有命令在执行前,打印出命令的内容 |
echo 123 | 输出123到终端屏幕 |
echo "Hello World!!!" | 输出Hello World!!!到终端屏幕 |
echo test > p1.txt | 输出test的字符串到当前目录中的p1.txt文件中(以覆盖的方式) |
文本处理 |
|
edit config.ini | 编辑config.ini文件(会进入edit字符编辑器;按alt,可以选择对应的菜单) win7 x64下没有该命令 |
find | 文件中搜索字符串 |
find /N /I "pid" 1.txt | 在1.txt文件中忽略大小写查找pid字符串,并带行号显示查找后的结果 |
find /C "exe" 1.txt | 只显示在1.txt文件中查找到exe字符串的次数 |
find /V "exe" 1.txt | 显示未包含1.txt文件中未包含exe字符串的行s |
findstr | 文件中搜索字符串 |
findstr "hello world" 1.txt | 在1.txt文件中搜索hello或world |
findstr /c:"hello world" 1.txt | 在1.txt文件中搜索hello world |
findstr /c:"hello world" 1.txt nul | 在1.txt文件中搜索hello world,并在每行结果前打印出1.txt: 注:findstr只有在2个及以上文件中搜索字符串时才会打印出每个文件的文件名,nul表示一个空文件 |
findstr /s /i "Hello" *.* | 不区分大小写,在当前目录和所有子目录中的所有文件中的hello |
网络操作 |
|
---|---|
ping | 用于检测网络是否通畅,以及网络时延情况(工作在ICMP协议上) |
ping baidu.com | 测试与baidu服务器的连接情况 |
ping chen-pc0 | 测试机器名为chen-pc0的连接情况 |
ping 220.181.111.86 | 测试与ip为220.181.111.86的连接情况 |
ping -l 65500 -n 10 qq.com | 向qq.com发送10次65500字节的ping |
ping -n 6 127.0.0.1 | 对当前主机执行6次ping操作(花费时间为5s) |
ping -t baidu.com | 不断地测试baidu服务器的连接情况 |
ipconfig /all | 查看本地ip地址等详细信息 |
ipconfig /displaydns | 显示本地dns缓存的内容 |
ipconfig /flushdns | 清除本地dns缓存的内容 |
nslookup www.cnblogs.com | 获取www.cnblogs.com的域名解析 |
注意: | 【Ctrl+Pause Break:查看ping的统计信息;Ctrl+C:终止当前任务】 |
netstat | 查看端口 |
netstat -a | 查看开启了哪些端口 |
netstat -n | 查看端口的网络连接情况 |
netstat -v | 查看正在进行的工作 |
netstat -p tcp | 查看tcp协议的使用情况 |
tracert 182.140.167.44 | 查看本机到达182.140.167.44的路由路径 |
route print | 显示出IP路由 |
telnet 182.140.167.44 8000 | 探测182.140.167.44是否使用TCP协议监听8000端口(注意:telnet命令不支持UDP端口检测) |
进程操作 |
|
tasklist | 显示当前运行的进程信息(可查看PID) |
taskkill | 结束指定的进程 |
taskkill /im notepad.exe | 结束名为notepad.exe的进程 |
taskkill /pid 1230 /pid 1241 /pid 1253 /t | 结束pid为1230、1241和1253的进程以及由它们启动起来的子进程 |
taskkill /f /im cmd.exe /t | 强制结束有名为cmd.exe的进程以及由它启动起来的子进程 |
user | 用户 |
net user | 查看当前机器上的用户 |
net user Administrator | 查看当前机器上的Administrator用户的信息 |
net user Guest /active:yes | 新建一个名为dev,密码为123456的用户 |
net localgroup administrators dev /add | 把名为dev的用户添加到管理员用户组中,使其具有管理员权限 |
net user dev /del | 删除名为dev的用户 |
其他基本操作 |
|
cls | 清除屏幕 |
ver | 显示当前windows系统的版本号 |
winver | 弹框显示当前windows系统信息 |
vol | 显示当前分区的卷标 |
label | 显示当前分区的卷标,同时提示输入新卷标 |
label c:system | 设置c盘的卷标为system |
time | 显示或设置当前时间 |
time /t | 显示当前时间 |
time | 设置新的当前时间(格式:hh:mm:ss),直接回车则表示放弃设置 |
date | 显示或设置当前日期 |
date /t | 显示当前日期 |
date | 设置新的当前日期(格式:YYYY/MM/DD),直接回车则表示放弃设置 |
start | 运行某程序或命令 |
exit | 退出当前cmd窗口实例 |
color | 设置当前cmd窗口背景色和前景色(前景色即为字体的颜色) |
color 02 | 将背景色设为黑色,将字体设为绿色 |
shutdown | 关闭、重启、注销、休眠计算机 |