Batteries, motors, propellers with
1 motor
Motor 1 KV value:
- Large KV with a small paddle, small KV with large paddle.
KV value per minute at a voltage of each motor idling speed 1V, e.g. KV800, the idle speed at a voltage of 1V was 800 revolutions per minute. A voltage of 10V idle speed is 8000 rpm per minute.
- Number of turns of the winding, KV value is low, the maximum output current is small, but large torque
- A small number of turns, KV value is high, the maximum output current, but small torque
KV value, the lower the voltage at the same speed, the greater the torque, can be with a larger pitch. KV higher the value, the higher the voltage at the same rotational speed, smaller torque, with only a small paddle. KV said relatively smaller the value, the higher the efficiency. Aerial KV to use low motor with a large paddle, low speed, high efficiency, the same low speed vibration motor is small. For aerial for these they are extremely favorable.
2 Motor type:
- the stator thick, big effort.
Motor type, such as 2212,3508,4010, these figures represent a diameter and a height of the stator (see below). Diameter of the stator is two front, two behind the stator height in millimeters.
The larger the two, the more fat the motor, the greater the latter two, the higher the motor. Big, high motor we called rich handsome. Great strength, high efficiency, the price Well ... hey! you know,! How else can it be called rich handsome.
3 motor efficiency:
- . 3 ~. 5A, high efficiency
Efficiency labeling approach is: g / W (g / per watt) of power and force of the motor is not directly proportional to the tension that is 50W when 450g, 100W 900g when it is not, and may only 700g. Specific efficiency depends on the efficiency of the motor table. Most of the motor at a current 3A ~ 5A is the highest efficiency.
The normal flight time, the efficiency remains within reasonable limits, be able to guarantee a good life.
In Long-X3508S-700KV motor (below) as an example to explain, with paddle APC1147, 4S battery, 5A current, efficiency 8.1g / W, 600 g of generating thrust, the aircraft if the axis 4, produced a total of 2.4 kilograms of thrust. For 4S 5000mAh battery, considering various factors, the performance is halved, life should be 30 minutes or more bars. (I have not tried, theories postulate!)
此时，电机工作刚好工作在最大推力（1500g）的2/5处，飞行性能较优。
数据来源：http://www.rcsunnysky.com/html/2014/xsseries_0922/28.html
4 经验一：整机重量，应该小于电机最大动力的2/5。
很多入门玩航拍的都会选择2212电机，为啥呢？大多新手教程都拿2212电机说话。
对于入门玩家来说2212电机确实可以。但对于航拍来说，2212明显不够。四轴超过1.5公斤的重量这电机就歇菜了。而大多入门航拍都是1.5~2KG的机子。
可能有人说某品牌的2212电机最大拉力830克，最大不是有3320克拉力吗？怎么会带不动呢？这就要扯到四轴飞行方面了，四轴的升力除了把自身抬起来之外还要用一部分力来前进后退，左右横滚。最关键的还有抗风，我的建议就是保留五分之三的升力来做这些动作和抗风，而且电池电压降低后不至于升力不足而炸鸡。通俗的说就是2212电机四个最大拉力是3320克，整机重量不要超过最大拉力的五分之二，也就是1328克。如果超过这个界限，那么电机就是高负荷运行，后果就是效率变低，电机震动变大，（朗宇和XXD2212的动平衡很差，高速运行时整震动很大很大）影响飞控自稳，你会看到飞机起飞后不断颤抖。一遇到风就摇摇欲坠。我当初的第一台四轴也是2212电机带云台1800G左右，就是这种情况。经过我反复测试，起飞1400克以下就很稳，超过1500克就随时可能炸鸡。
5 经验二：选电机一定要看参数表，如果没有参数表，请不要选择。
四轴用的电机基本都是外转子电子。内部绕线圈的是定子。很多无良厂商都标注的电机型号指的是外转子。一不留神就受骗了。比如某4006价格65元左右。但你买到的不是真正的4006电机，其定子是3506的，又比如某110元左右的4225电机，其内部定子实际是3508的。这种电机一般以低廉的价格，虚标的参数来吸引玩家购买。实际做工差，动平衡烂，效率低，一致性差，工作不稳定等一系列缺点。大家一定要擦亮眼。电机对于航拍来说很重要！！！一定要买知名品牌的电机，质量有保证。为了JJ的安全，奢侈一把吧！
（知名品牌的电机都有完整的效率表和全油门温度。没效率表和不敢标注全油门温度的就直接无视吧。）
Tiger-MOTO。做工优异，性能稳定，大多都出口国外。土豪们一般都用它。咱们穷屌就只能看着照片养养眼了。《JFRC飓风》这个品牌很多人都很陌生，因为它一直很低调。官方主页做的实在是烂。不过呢，据说飓风以前是给Tiger-MOTO做代工的。做工也是一流，效率质量都非常好。关键是性价比很高。我本人用的就是飓风的电机，真心不错。《朗宇》这个品牌相信大家都不陌生吧，旗下电机型号众多。以一流的做工，平民的价格成为了大众品牌。除了T.M跟飓风，就选它了。《银燕》《happy》《ho什么什么的》这几个品牌也还可以。做工还可以，价格也便宜。暂且归入二流品牌。剩下的好多都是三流品牌就不多说了。
用恒力电机的挺多的，价格也是相当便宜。本人是没用过，但是论坛上说恒力电机现在销量一大做工就差了，动平衡很烂。我也就不推荐了。谁也不想自己的机机上的电机像手机里的震动马达一样。我一直坚信！好货不便宜，便宜没好货。不贪小便宜。
[二：电机的选择：
第一：不是高低kv的区别。 第二：基本上1000kv以内的电机只要不出现磁饱和，他们带同一个桨的力效基本是相同的（差别只有内阻发热带来的很小的区别）。 解释：不同kv的电机带同一只桨，在转速一样时，电机的磁滞和涡流损耗是一样的，差比只有内阻发热功耗。又因为有效功率(划桨)一样，因而总输入功率基本一样。当然力效也就一样了。 所以电机是怎么选择呢？看下文 首先确定每个电机所需要的最大拉力； 其次去TB找，看哪个电机在这个最大拉力下基本上还没有磁饱和。在这个最大拉力下，磁场强度B越小越好，这样磁饱和以及涡流损耗就很小。 最后，看看价格合适不，不合适再选其他的电机。 解释1：这里我没涉及电机kv值，因为它对力效基本没有影响（它的影响只有铜损，也就是内阻发热，kv越小的电机发热就越小，这是在线径一样情况下得出的）。 但是呢，还不不能选择kv太高的电机，因为kv太高了，电流很大，这个时候内阻发热就显著了。 解释2：什么样的电机在线圈磁场强度很小时就能产生很大的力矩呢？ 当然是：转子和定子之间气隙小、定子直径与高度乘积大、铁芯导磁率好的电机。这里我们最容易看到的就是定子直径与高度的乘积，这个值越大越好(当然不能太大了，不然电机重啊) 以上选择方法有个问题，就是我们怎么知道电机在最大拉力下有没有磁饱和呢。 确实这个问题很难确定。 我有个估计方法，如下 先找两个同一个厂家同一个系列的不同型号的电机，你如朗宇的V4014和V3508，根据我上面所述，显然在获得相同转矩时V3508更容易磁饱和 (这货直径小，高度也小啊，相同的电磁力乘以更大的半径将获得更大的力矩)，所以呢在V3508出现磁饱和时，V4014肯定还没有饱和。再根据我说的，没有出现磁饱和时，力效基本是一样。你去查这两个电机的力效，你会发现在某个拉力之前，两个电机的力效基本一样，过了这个拉力之后，你会明显发现V3508的力效低于V4014。那么这个拉力就是磁饱和时的拉力。只要这个最大拉力满足要求就可以了，要是不满足就只能选择定子直径高度乘积更大的电机了。 为了方便大家对比数据，我给出我用的几个电机型号，大家可以去TB搜索。 V4014电机、V4010电机、V3508电机 其中V3508这个电机在1250g拉力以后力效会明显的小于V4014的，说明V3508这1250g拉力之后就会出现较为明显的磁损和涡流损失，其中磁损占大部分。 有的店家的网页内有测试数据，大家可以对比参数。记得对比时，桨要选择一样的，电压可以不一样，力效和电压无关。 解释：为什么直升机的发动机需要减速才能带大桨，而电机却不需要减速就可以带大桨? 因为假如发动机不减速，必然带不动大桨，导致发动机转速很低，转速低输出功率就小，这样更带不动大桨了，只有减速才能使发动机转的很快，还可以增大扭矩带大桨。 但是电机就不一样了，大桨会让电机转速降低，但是电机转速降低之后，反电动势减小，线圈上有效电压增大，于是电流增大。这样还是能输出很大的功率。当然这是在磁滞损耗和涡流损耗没有明显增大的前提下。一旦电机的磁滞损耗明显增大，电机的输出功率就会明显减低。 When the motor is not significantly magnetically saturated with the better paddle (not infinite ah, relatively speaking), the higher the greater the effect of oars. |
2 ESC
ESC also a few brands to choose from. High handsome still use the power transfer Tiger-MOTO. We can only hope diagram Despair. Hooray mainstream brands, spiders, in Intervet.
In Intervet know much, with not many people, I can not tell good or bad. Aerial ESC is a good benchmark platinum surplus electricity 30A tune. In response to rapid, delicate touch of the accelerator by the players of the pro-Lai. The price is not expensive. Of course, cheap Skywalker family and soar series can be. Spider ESC, cheap, performance is also good, but also a lot of people use. But many friends die reflect spider ESC word beginning with some 4 or more, and low KV motors will stall phenomenon. A severe, often blocked. Mildly from time to time you plug it enough that you could bear it. To prevent blocking instead of fried chicken, spider ESC or 4 words or less with the beginning of high KV motor or motors. And more than 4 motor is recommended with good earnings platinum bar. At least heard of who turned blocked.
3 propeller
Specification:
Propeller size, typically represented by four digits, the first two digits represent the diameter, the two expressed pitch. In slurry 1060 as an example, 10 represents the diameter of the paddles 10 inches, 60 denotes a slurry angle (Pitch, 6.0 inches, i.e. 152.4mm).
experience:
Paddle be very important in a four-axis parts, is also very easy to damage an accessory. Aerial stability and efficiency is desired, and APC is to select the pitch DJI. Other overflight and dry Feng paddle can be. Most aerial is recommended to choose APC, APC is genuine Oh, imitation is used to test a good choice, fried do not feel bad. . APC high efficiency. A large load may be selected pitch carbon fibers. A large truck, then you can select beech wood pulp, not deformed. Some cheap low-quality paddle suggest that you do not use. There is, no matter what the pitch after hand balancing to do something, even if it is genuine APC also be done under oar balance. Flight inevitable bumps, as long as the paddle hurt to have a little to do at balancing removed, a few things able to ensure the stability of your flight.
The same motor, different KV values, with the propellers are not the same, each motor will have a recommended propellers. Propeller worthy relatively small, can not play the maximum thrust; propeller with too large to overheat, cause the motor demagnetization, resulting in permanent decline in motor performance.
Experience (for reference):
Four-axis motor paddle with aerial Recommended:
3S电池1.8KG以下可用2216KV800电机搭配APC1147桨。
3S电池2KG以下可用2810KV750电机搭配APC1238桨。
3S电池2.5KG以下可用2814KV700电机搭配APC1340桨
4S电池2.5KG以下可用2814KV600电机搭配APC1340桨
3110KV650电机搭配APC1238桨
3508KV580/KV700电机搭配DJI1555/APC1540桨。
4108KV480/KV600电机搭配APC1447/APC1540桨
6S电池，3KG以下可用3508KV380电机搭配DJI1555桨
4108KV380电机搭配DJI1555桨
4010KV320电机搭配DJI1555桨
4008KV400电机搭配APC1447桨
搭配种类实在太多就不一一列举了。
4 电池
1、电池容量：
5200mAh，意味着以5.2A电流放电，可以放1小时。当然，我们只是这么理解。实际放电时间，需要参考电池厂家提供的相关技术参数。
2、放电能力：
30C电池，指的是电池的放电能力。对于30C电池，最大持续放电电流为：电池容量X放电C。
例如:5200MA,30C电池，则最大的持续电流就是=5.2X30=156A（安培）。
如果该电池长时间超过156安或以上电流工作，那么电池的寿命会变短。
对于电池的单片电压，充满电时应为4.15-4.20较合适（3S电池对应12.6V），用后的最低电压为单片3.7以上（3S对应11.1V，切记不要过放），长期不用的保存电压最好为3.9（3S对应11.7V）。
经验：
飞机重量选择电池容量，太大的话飞行效率低，太小续航时间短，建议云台和图传单独使用一块3S电池供电，2200MAH15C足矣。记得不要买很便宜的电池。
5 机架
选什么机架好呢？
2kg以下的机子可以选玻纤机架；2kg以上的果断上3K碳纤维，当然价格也是不便宜；动手能力好的也可以自己制作机架。
How much should I rack it?
The calculation formula is calculated as follows:
- Rack = wheelbase (paddles inch * 25.4 / 0.8 / root of 2) * 2.
- Paddle size (inch) = (rack wheelbase / 2) * root of 2 * 0.8 / 25.4.
The following are some suggestions with a paddle and a wheelbase:
450MM 10 inch rack pitch with a wheelbase
11-inch wheelbase with a paddle rack 500MM
12-inch wheelbase with a paddle rack 550MM
600MM 13 inch rack pitch with a wheelbase
14-inch wheelbase with a paddle rack 650MM
15-inch wheelbase with a paddle rack 680MM
16-inch wheelbase with a paddle rack 720MM
780MM 17 inch rack pitch with a wheelbase
820MM 18 inch rack pitch with a wheelbase
19-inch wheelbase with a paddle rack 860MM
20-inch wheelbase with a paddle rack 900MM
Rack of balance:
If you do not play aerial, low stand, you can not control the balance, let fly after taking off control to adjust the balance. Even if you are not afraid to hang unilateral battery.
Most play both aerial high tripod. It is necessary to do the next balance.
why?
High High tripod center of gravity, takeoff and flight no problem, landing not so steady, and if the center of gravity deviates from a large landing, then it is easy to turn the machine. Therefore, a large deviation from the center of gravity will then adjusted, to adjust the main battery mounting position on it. Focus deviation that is no problem, generally the next tune on it.
