In the command input [ls -al] line
[ls] command means "list", used to list file names and associated attributes.
[-al] option means set out in detail the rights and property of all files.
wyy@ubuntu:~$ ls -al
total 228
drwxr-xr-x 26 wyy wyy 4096 Feb 9 00:26 .
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Sep 11 02:39 ..
-rw-r--r-- 1 wyy wyy 460 Nov 11 03:25 awkexe1.sh
-rw-r--r-- 1 wyy wyy 189 Nov 11 03:25 awk.out
-rw------- 1 wyy wyy 11406 Feb 7 20:16 .bash_history
-rw-r--r-- 1 wyy wyy 220 Sep 11 02:39 .bash_logout
drwx------ 15 wyy wyy 4096 Oct 22 08:35 .cache
drwx------ 13 wyy wyy 4096 Dec 21 03:54 .config
Meaning every row from left to right are seven fields:
A. The type of file permissions
This field and consists of 10 characters:
1. The first character represents the type of file
[D]: represents the directory
[-]: indicates the file
[L]: indicates a link file
[B]: indicates the file storage device
[C]: the device file represents a serial interface device (keyboard, mouse)
2. The next three permission character set, which represents the file
First set: the file owner permissions
second group: the account file permissions user group
Third group: other account authority
characters each of three [rwx], representing the read (read), writable (Write), perform (Execute), if the privilege having a corresponding character is displayed, if the display has a [-].
Note:
1) root account largely unaffected by the system permission restrictions.
2) If an account rights to the file is a directory [r-], you can read unenforceable, then it can not enter the directory.
The number of file names Second, link to node
Third, the owner of the file
Fourth, the user group to which the file belongs
Fifth, the file size
The default unit is Bytes
Sixth, the file creation date / date of last modification
Seven, the file name
Hidden files are not listed if there are [.], On behalf of the files are hidden files, using only [ls] command before the file name
