java socket programming
Java Socket Programming ---- Communication is so Tempered
For different levels of network traffic, Java provides a different API, which provides networking capabilities are four main categories
1. InetAddress
For hardware resources on the network identifier identifies the Internet protocol (IP) address.
//获取本机的InetAddress实例
InetAddress address =InetAddress.getLocalHost();
address.getHostName();//获取计算机名
address.getHostAddress();//获取IP地址
byte[] bytes = address.getAddress();//获取字节数组形式的IP地址,以点分隔的四部分
//获取其他主机的InetAddress实例
InetAddress address2 =InetAddress.getByName("其他主机名");
InetAddress address3 =InetAddress.getByName("IP地址");
2. URL class
(Uniform Resource Locator) Uniform Resource Locator represents the address of a resource on the Internet, the protocol name: Resource Name
//创建一个URL的实例
URL baidu =new URL("http://www.baidu.com");
URL url =new URL(baidu,"/index.html?username=tom#test");//？表示参数，#表示锚点
url.getProtocol();//获取协议
url.getHost();//获取主机
url.getPort();//如果没有指定端口号，根据协议不同使用默认端口。此时getPort()方法的返回值为 -1
url.getPath();//获取文件路径
url.getFile();//文件名，包括文件路径+参数
url.getRef();//相对路径，就是锚点，即#号后面的内容
url.getQuery();//查询字符串，即参数
2.1 Use URL to read web content
() Method openStream URL object can be specified resource input stream, the stream can be read by accessing a web page or resource
//使用URL读取网页内容
//创建一个URL实例
URL url =new URL("http://www.baidu.com");
InputStream is = url.openStream();//通过openStream方法获取资源的字节输入流
InputStreamReader isr =newInputStreamReader(is,"UTF-8");//将字节输入流转换为字符输入流,如果不指定编码，中文可能会出现乱码
BufferedReader br =newBufferedReader(isr);//为字符输入流添加缓冲，提高读取效率
String data = br.readLine();//读取数据
while(data!=null){
System.out.println(data);//输出数据
data = br.readerLine();
}
br.close();
isr.colose();
is.close();
3. TCP programming
TCP protocol is connection-oriented, reliable, ordered, so as to transmit the byte stream data by three-way handshake to establish a connection, data transmission channel is formed, a large amount of data transmission in the connection, efficiency will be slightly lower
Network communication in the 3.1 Java class-based TCP protocol
-
Socket Communications step
① create ServerSocket and Socket
② Socket opening connected to the input / output streams
③ Socket according to protocol read / write operation
④ close the input and output streams, Close Socket
-
ServerSocket server class
① ServerSocket object create, bind listening port
② through the accept () method listen for client requests
③ After the connection is established, the client sends a read request information through the input stream
④ transmits information via an output flow accent client
⑤ Close related resources
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
import java.applet.Applet;
public class TalkServer{
public static void main(String args[]) {
try{
ServerSocket server=null;
try{
server=new ServerSocket(4700);
//创建一个ServerSocket在端口4700监听客户请求
}catch(Exception e) {
System.out.println("can not listen to:"+e);
//出错，打印出错信息
}
Socket socket=null;
try{
socket=server.accept();
//使用accept()阻塞等待客户请求，有客户
//请求到来则产生一个Socket对象，并继续执行
}catch(Exception e) {
System.out.println("Error."+e);
//出错，打印出错信息
}
String line;
BufferedReader is=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
//由Socket对象得到输入流，并构造相应的BufferedReader对象
PrintWriter os=newPrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream());
//由Socket对象得到输出流，并构造PrintWriter对象
BufferedReader sin=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
//由系统标准输入设备构造BufferedReader对象
System.out.println("Client:"+is.readLine());
//在标准输出上打印从客户端读入的字符串
line=sin.readLine();
//从标准输入读入一字符串
while(!line.equals("bye")){
//如果该字符串为 "bye"，则停止循环
os.println(line);
//向客户端输出该字符串
os.flush();
//刷新输出流，使Client马上收到该字符串
System.out.println("Server:"+line);
//在系统标准输出上打印读入的字符串
System.out.println("Client:"+is.readLine());
//从Client读入一字符串，并打印到标准输出上
line=sin.readLine();
//从系统标准输入读入一字符串
} //继续循环
os.close(); //关闭Socket输出流
is.close(); //关闭Socket输入流
socket.close(); //关闭Socket
server.close(); //关闭ServerSocket
}catch(Exception e){
System.out.println("Error:"+e);
//出错，打印出错信息
}
}
}
- Socket class client
① Socket object created, the server's address and port number indicate the required connection
② After the connection is established, the output stream by the server sends a request message like
③ server response information acquired by the input stream
④ closing response resources
import java.io.*;
import java.net.*;
public class TalkClient {
public static void main(String args[]) {
try{
Socket socket=new Socket("127.0.0.1",4700);
//向本机的4700端口发出客户请求
BufferedReader sin=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
//由系统标准输入设备构造BufferedReader对象
PrintWriter os=new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream());
//由Socket对象得到输出流，并构造PrintWriter对象
BufferedReader is=new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(socket.getInputStream()));
//由Socket对象得到输入流，并构造相应的BufferedReader对象
String readline;
readline=sin.readLine(); //从系统标准输入读入一字符串
while(!readline.equals("bye")){
//若从标准输入读入的字符串为 "bye"则停止循环
os.println(readline);
//将从系统标准输入读入的字符串输出到Server
os.flush();
//刷新输出流，使Server马上收到该字符串
System.out.println("Client:"+readline);
//在系统标准输出上打印读入的字符串
System.out.println("Server:"+is.readLine());
//从Server读入一字符串，并打印到标准输出上
readline=sin.readLine(); //从系统标准输入读入一字符串
} //继续循环
os.close(); //关闭Socket输出流
is.close(); //关闭Socket输入流
socket.close(); //关闭Socket
}catch(Exception e) {
System.out.println("Error"+e); //出错，则打印出错信息
}
}
}
3.2 Application of multi-threaded communication between the server and multi-client
① create server-side ServerSocket, cycle call accept () waits for the client connection
② client creates a socket and requests and server-side connection
③ server accepts requests studying period, the client creates a socket and establish a dedicated connection
④ the establishment of two connections socket in a separate thread on dialogue
⑤ server continues to wait for a new connection
//服务器线程处理
//和本线程相关的socket
Socket socket =null;
//
public serverThread(Socket socket){
this.socket = socket;
}
publicvoid run(){
//服务器处理代码
}
//============================================
//服务器代码
ServerSocket serverSocket =newServerSocket(10086);
Socket socket =null;
int count =0;//记录客户端的数量
while(true){
socket = serverScoket.accept();
ServerThread serverThread =newServerThread(socket);
serverThread.start();
count++;
System.out.println("客户端连接的数量："+count);
}
4. UDP programming
UDP protocol (User Datagram Protocol) is a connectionless and unreliable, disordered, fast
data transfer, the first data to be transmitted is defined as datagrams (Datagram), the size is limited to 64K, the datagram indicating that the data request reaches the Socket (host address and port number), then the data packets sent
- DatagramPacket Class: represents a datagram packet
- DatagramSocket class: class-to-end communication
4.1 server-side implementation steps
① create DatagramSocket, specify the port number
② create DatagramPacket
③ accept the client sends data information
④ read data
//服务器端，实现基于UDP的用户登录
//1、创建服务器端DatagramSocket，指定端口
DatagramSocket socket =new datagramSocket(10010);
//2、创建数据报，用于接受客户端发送的数据
byte[] data =newbyte[1024];//
DatagramPacket packet =newDatagramPacket(data,data.length);
//3、接受客户端发送的数据
socket.receive(packet);//此方法在接受数据报之前会一致阻塞
//4、读取数据
String info =newString(data,o,data.length);
System.out.println("我是服务器，客户端告诉我"+info);
//=========================================================
//向客户端响应数据
//1、定义客户端的地址、端口号、数据
InetAddress address = packet.getAddress();
int port = packet.getPort();
byte[] data2 = "欢迎您！".geyBytes();
//2、创建数据报，包含响应的数据信息
DatagramPacket packet2 = new DatagramPacket(data2,data2.length,address,port);
//3、响应客户端
socket.send(packet2);
//4、关闭资源
socket.close();
4.2 client implementation steps
① Define Send information
to create DatagramPacket ②, containing the information to be transmitted
③ create DatagramSocket
④ send data
//客户端
//1、定义服务器的地址、端口号、数据
InetAddress address =InetAddress.getByName("localhost");
int port =10010;
byte[] data ="用户名：admin;密码：123".getBytes();
//2、创建数据报，包含发送的数据信息
DatagramPacket packet = newDatagramPacket(data,data,length,address,port);
//3、创建DatagramSocket对象
DatagramSocket socket =newDatagramSocket();
//4、向服务器发送数据
socket.send(packet);
//接受服务器端响应数据
//======================================
//1、创建数据报，用于接受服务器端响应数据
byte[] data2 = new byte[1024];
DatagramPacket packet2 = new DatagramPacket(data2,data2.length);
//2、接受服务器响应的数据
socket.receive(packet2);
String raply = new String(data2,0,packet2.getLenth());
System.out.println("我是客户端，服务器说："+reply);
//4、关闭资源
socket.close();
