Celery operation

Celery

official

Celery official website: http: //www.celeryproject.org/

Celery official documents in English: http: //docs.celeryproject.org/en/latest/index.html

Celery official documentation Chinese version: http: //docs.jinkan.org/docs/celery/

Celery architecture

Celery architecture consists of three parts, the middleware message (message broker), the task execution unit (worker) and task execution result storage (task result store) composition.

Messaging middleware

Celery does not provide messaging services, but can be easily and messaging middleware integration provided by third parties. Including, RabbitMQ, Redis, etc.

Task execution unit

Worker Tasks performed Celery unit is provided, worker operating in a distributed concurrent system node.

Task results are stored

Task result store to store task execution Worker result, Celery support results in different ways to store tasks, including AMQP, redis, etc.

scenes to be used

Asynchronous execution: time-consuming tasks to solve

Delay Execution: solve the delay task

The timing of execution: solving cycle (cycle) task

Celery Installation and Configuration

pip install celery

Messaging middleware: RabbitMQ / Redis

app = Celery ( 'task name', broker = 'xxx', backend = 'xxx')

Celery perform asynchronous tasks

Package Package Architecture

project
    ├── celery_task     # celery包
    │   ├── __init__.py # 包文件
    │   ├── celery.py   # celery连接和配置相关文件，且名字必须交celery.py
    │   └── tasks.py    # 所有任务函数
    ├── add_task.py     # 添加任务
    └── get_result.py   # 获取结果

Basic use

celery.py

# 1）创建app + 任务

# 2）启动celery(app)服务：
# 非windows
# 命令：celery worker -A celery_task -l info
# windows：
# pip3 install eventlet
# celery worker -A celery_task -l info -P eventlet

# 3）添加任务：手动添加，要自定义添加任务的脚本，右键执行脚本

# 4）获取结果：手动获取，要自定义获取任务的脚本，右键执行脚本


from celery import Celery
broker = 'redis://127.0.0.1:6379/1'
backend = 'redis://127.0.0.1:6379/2'
app = Celery(broker=broker, backend=backend, include=['celery_task.tasks'])

tasks.py

from .celery import app
import time
@app.task
def add(n, m):
    print(n)
    print(m)
    time.sleep(10)
    print('n+m的结果：%s' % (n + m))
    return n + m

@app.task
def low(n, m):
    print(n)
    print(m)
    print('n-m的结果：%s' % (n - m))
    return n - m

add_task.py

from celery_task import tasks

# 添加立即执行任务
t1 = tasks.add.delay(10, 20)
t2 = tasks.low.delay(100, 50)
print(t1.id)


# 添加延迟任务
from datetime import datetime, timedelta
eta=datetime.utcnow() + timedelta(seconds=10)
tasks.low.apply_async(args=(200, 50), eta=eta)

get_result.py

from celery_task.celery import app

from celery.result import AsyncResult

id = '21325a40-9d32-44b5-a701-9a31cc3c74b5'
if __name__ == '__main__':
    async = AsyncResult(id=id, app=app)
    if async.successful():
        result = async.get()
        print(result)
    elif async.failed():
        print('任务失败')
    elif async.status == 'PENDING':
        print('任务等待中被执行')
    elif async.status == 'RETRY':
        print('任务异常后正在重试')
    elif async.status == 'STARTED':
        print('任务已经开始被执行')

Advanced Use

celery.py

# 1）创建app + 任务

# 2）启动celery(app)服务：
# 非windows
# 命令：celery worker -A celery_task -l info
# windows：
# pip3 install eventlet
# celery worker -A celery_task -l info -P eventlet

# 3）添加任务：自动添加任务，所以要启动一个添加任务的服务
# 命令：celery beat -A celery_task -l info

# 4）获取结果


from celery import Celery

broker = 'redis://127.0.0.1:6379/1'
backend = 'redis://127.0.0.1:6379/2'
app = Celery(broker=broker, backend=backend, include=['celery_task.tasks'])


# 时区
app.conf.timezone = 'Asia/Shanghai'
# 是否使用UTC
app.conf.enable_utc = False

# 任务的定时配置
from datetime import timedelta
from celery.schedules import crontab
app.conf.beat_schedule = {
    'low-task': {
        'task': 'celery_task.tasks.low',
        'schedule': timedelta(seconds=3),
        # 'schedule': crontab(hour=8, day_of_week=1),  # 每周一早八点
        'args': (300, 150),
    }
}

tasks.py

from .celery import app

import time
@app.task
def add(n, m):
    print(n)
    print(m)
    time.sleep(10)
    print('n+m的结果：%s' % (n + m))
    return n + m


@app.task
def low(n, m):
    print(n)
    print(m)
    print('n-m的结果：%s' % (n - m))
    return n - m

get_result.py

from celery_task.celery import app

from celery.result import AsyncResult

id = '21325a40-9d32-44b5-a701-9a31cc3c74b5'
if __name__ == '__main__':
    async = AsyncResult(id=id, app=app)
    if async.successful():
        result = async.get()
        print(result)
    elif async.failed():
        print('任务失败')
    elif async.status == 'PENDING':
        print('任务等待中被执行')
    elif async.status == 'RETRY':
        print('任务异常后正在重试')
    elif async.status == 'STARTED':
        print('任务已经开始被执行')

django use

celery.py

"""
celery框架django项目工作流程
1）加载django配置环境
2）创建Celery框架对象app，配置broker和backend，得到的app就是worker
3）给worker对应的app添加可处理的任务函数，用include配置给worker的app
4）完成提供的任务的定时配置app.conf.beat_schedule
5）启动celery服务，运行worker，执行任务
6）启动beat服务，运行beat，添加任务

重点：由于采用了django的反射机制，使用celery.py所在的celery_task包必须放置项目的根目录下
"""

# 一、加载django配置环境
import os
os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "luffyapi.settings.dev")

# 二、加载celery配置环境
from celery import Celery
# broker
broker = 'redis://127.0.0.1:6379/0'
# backend
backend = 'redis://127.0.0.1:6379/1'
# worker
app = Celery(broker=broker, backend=backend, include=['celery_task.tasks'])


# 时区
app.conf.timezone = 'Asia/Shanghai'
# 是否使用UTC
app.conf.enable_utc = False

# 任务的定时配置
from datetime import timedelta
from celery.schedules import crontab
app.conf.beat_schedule = {
    'django-task': {
        'task': 'celery_task.tasks.test_django_celery',
        'schedule': timedelta(seconds=3),
        'args': (),
    }
}

tasks.py

from .celery import app
# 获取项目中的模型类
from api.models import Banner
@app.task
def test_django_celery():
    banner_query = Banner.objects.filter(is_delete=False).all()
    print(banner_query)