Start Terminal: ctr + alt + t
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Terminal Font Size: ctr + shift + '+', the terminal reduction Font: ctr + '-'
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mkdir -p can build a new directory can recursively create directories.
rmdir to delete empty folders
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rm delete files or directories -i Interactive
-f Force delete, ignore the file does not exist, without prompting
-r recursively delete the contents of the directory, you must add this parameter when deleting a folder
-d delete empty directories
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cp file or directory to another file or directory
When you copy a directory using -a, retains links, file attributes, and recursively copy the directory, simply, to keep the original file permissions.
-i Interactive
-r If the source file is given a directory file, then cp will copy recursively all directories and files in the directory, the target file must be a directory name.
-v display the copy path described
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mv -i interactive moving files or directories, to avoid mistakenly overwriting files
-v displayed after the movement path described
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1. redirect command:> such as: ls> test.txt (test.txt If not, create, exists overwrite its contents)
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2. View or merge file contents: cat gedit
cat ab> cc exist, covered c
cat ab >> cc exist, appended to the c
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3. The split-screen display: more
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4. Pipeline: | ll | more write | read
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5. Establish links file: ln
ln -s file link source file of the soft links: soft links do not take up disk space, delete the source file is a soft link failure.
ln source file link file hard links: hard link can only link a regular file, directory can not be linked.
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6. Text Search: grep grep 'a' 1.txt
-v negated
-n display matching lines and line number
-i ignore case
grep searches string can be a regular expression.
^ A first row, the row beginning with m; grep -n '^ a' 1.txt
ke $ end of line, end of line to ke; grep -n 'ke $' 1.txt
[Ss] igna [Ll] matches a [] in the series of characters; grep -n '[Ss] igna [Ll]' 1.txt
. (Point) matches a non newline character; matching eee, eae, eve, but does not match ee, eaae; grep -n 'ee' 1.txt
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7. Find File: find
find ./ -name test.sh find all the files under the current directory named test.sh
find ./ -name '* .sh' Find all .sh suffix in the current directory for file
find ./ -name "[AZ] *" finds all files with a capital letter at the beginning of the current directory
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8. wildcard
*: Represents 0 or more of any character
?: Represent any one character
[Cited character]: the representative of any one character
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9. packing and compression: tar tar [options] package file generated file name
-c generate archive files, create a file package
-v set out in detail the process of de-archive files, display progress
-f specify archive file name, f must be behind the .tar file, it is necessary to finally put option
-x unlock the archive
-z compression
1> gz compression formats: tar -zcvf file.tar.gz file 1 file 2 ...
To extract the specified directory: -C (capital letter "C") tar -zxvf file.tar.gz -C zhaojie /
2> bz2 compression formats Usage: tar -jcvf compressed file name bags
Decompression Usage: tar -jxvf compression bag name
3> zip compression format need not specify the destination file name extension through the zip file, the default extension zip.
Compressed files: zip target file (no extension) source file
Unzip the file: unzip -d after extracting archive file directory
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10. Modify the file permissions: chmod
If you want to add the same permissions recursively all directories, you need to add the parameter "-R".
Such as: chmod 777 test / -R recursively test all the files in the directory plus 777
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11. Review the command position: which commands into the built-in commands and external commands
Built-in command is loaded into memory when the system starts to perform high efficiency belong to the built-in cd command
Outside command system software features loaded into memory when needed
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12. The switch to an administrator account: sudo -s
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14. Set User Password: passwd
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15. Log account: exit
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16. view all logged-in users: who the user to view information about all current login system.
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17. The shutdown restart: reboot, shutdown
reboot to restart the operating system
shutdown -r now restart the operating system, shutdown will prompt other users
shutdown -h now immediately shut down, which is now equivalent to the time of state 0
system shutdown shutdown -h 20:25 will be in today's 20:25
shutdown -h +10 system automatically shut down after ten minutes
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