Nginx unidirectional configuration ssl
Nginx configuration SSL
Nginx configuration example (one-way)
cp /etc/pki/ca_test/server/server.* /usr/local/nginx/conf/ { listen 443 ssl; server_name www.aminglinux.com; index index.html index.php; root /data/wwwroot/aminglinux.com; ssl on; ssl_certificate server.crt; ssl_certificate_key server.key; ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2; ssl_ciphers ALL:!DH:!EXPORT:!RC4:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:!eNULL; ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; ... } Configuration instructions
1. 443端口为ssl监听端口。
2. ssl on表示打开ssl支持。
3. ssl_certificate指定crt文件所在路径，如果写相对路径，必须把该文件和nginx.conf文件放到一个目录下。
4. ssl_certificate_key指定key文件所在路径。 5. ssl_protocols指定SSL协议。 6. ssl_ciphers配置ssl加密算法，多个算法用:分隔，ALL表示全部算法，!表示不启用该算法，+表示将该算法排到最后面去。 7. ssl_prefer_server_ciphers 如果不指定默认为off，当为on时，在使用SSLv3和TLS协议时，服务器加密算法将优于客户端加密算法。 Nginx configuration mutual authentication
cp /etc/pki/ca_test/root/ca.crt /usr/local/nginx/conf/ 配置示例： { listen 443 ssl; server_name www.aminglinux.com; index index.html index.php; root /data/wwwroot/aminglinux.com; ssl on; ssl_certificate server.crt; ssl_certificate_key server.key; ssl_protocols TLSv1 TLSv1.1 TLSv1.2; ssl_ciphers ALL:!DH:!EXPORT:!RC4:+HIGH:+MEDIUM:!eNULL; ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on; ssl_client_certificate ca.crt; //这里的ca.crt是根证书公钥文件 ssl_verify_client on; ... }The client (browser) operation
如果不进行以下操作，浏览器会出现400错误。400 Bad Request（No required SSL certificate was sent）
首先需要将client.key转换为pfx(p12)格式
# cd /etc/pki/ca_test/client
# openssl pkcs12 -export -inkey client.key -in client.crt -out client.pfx //这一步需要输入一个自定义密码，一会在windows上安装的时候要用到，需要记一下。 然后将client.pfx拷贝到windows下，双击即可安装。 也可以直接curl测试： curl -k --cert /etc/pki/ca_test/client/client.crt --key /etc/pki/ca_test/client/client.key https
ngxin error log
Nginx error log
Nginx错误日志平时不用太关注，但是一旦出了问题，就需要借助错误日志来判断问题所在。
配置参数格式：error_log /path/to/log level;
Nginx error log level
常见的错误日志级别有debug | info | notice | warn | error | crit | alert | emerg 级别越高记录的信息越少，如果不定义，默认级别为error. 它可以配置在main、http、server、location段里。 如果在配置文件中定义了两个error_log，在同一个配置段里的话会产生冲突，所以同一个段里只允许配置一个error_log。 但是，在不同的配置段中出现是没问题的。 Nginx error log example
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log crit;
如果要想彻底关闭error_log，需要这样配置
error_log /dev/null;
nginx access log and the log format
Nginx access log format
Nginx访问日志可以设置自定义的格式，来满足特定的需求。
Examples of access log format
示例1
log_format combined_realip '$remote_addr $http_x_forwarded_for [$time_local]'
'$host "$request_uri" $status' '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent"'; 示例2 log_format main '$remote_addr [$time_local] ' '$host "$request_uri" $status "$request"' '"$http_referer" "$http_user_agent" "$request_time"'; 若不配置log_format或者不在access_log配置中指定log_format，则默认格式为： '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent"; Common variable
| variable | Explanation |
|---|---|
| $time_local | Universal local time in log format; (server time) |
| $remote_addr | The client (user) IP address |
| $status | Request status code, such as 200,404,301,302, etc. |
| $body_bytes_sent | The number of bytes sent to the client, not including the header size of the response |
| $bytes_sent | Total number of bytes sent to the client |
| $request_length | The length of the request (including the request line, request headers and the request body) |
| $request_time | Request processing time, in seconds, in the form of decimal |
| $upstream_addr | Cluster polling address |
| $upstream_response_time | Means to establish a connection start receiving the data completely and then closes the connection to the rear from the time Nginx (php-cgi) |
| $remote_user | Used to record the client user name |
| $request | Mode request (GET or POST, etc.) + URL (comprising $ request_method, $ host, $ request_uri) |
| $http_user_agent | Identifies the user's browser |
| $http_host | url requested address (target address url) of host |
| $host | Equivalent to $ http_host |
| $http_referer | Sources page, from which page to page, if you enter the URL directly into your browser to access the referer is empty |
| $ s | The current request URI (without request parameters parameters are in the $ args), different from the value passed $ REQUEST_URI browser, which can be internal redirect, modify or use the index instruction. |
| $ document_uri | Equivalent to $ uri |
| $request_uri | More parameters than $ uri, that is, $ uri + $ args |
| $http_x_forwarded_for | If you use a proxy, this parameter will record ip proxy server and client ip |