1 Introduction
The previous article, we realized the function of a part of the framework, including the package log classes and class browser engine, and today we continue to package a base class and how to implement POM. About the base class is defined as: the operation of some of the common selenium page package to base_page.py the class file after each page of the POM class, you inherit this base class, so that each class has a base class page the method, which we will achieve in this article by the macro brother.
2. Project hierarchy
1. Previous We have created a project hierarchy, the hierarchy of specific projects in the following figure. Not repeat them here, but also the following documents:
3. Location and type of packaging screenshot
1. In achieving the package base class, we achieved the eight embodiment of the positioning elements and screenshots class encapsulates.
2. The base class base_page.py specific implementation code here encapsulates several common methods, other methods, you go to practice under the package.
3.1 code to achieve:
3.2 Reference Code:
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # 1.先设置编码，utf-8可支持中英文，如上，一般放在第一行 # 2.注释：包括记录创建时间，创建人，项目名称。 ''' Created on 2019-12-20 @author: 北京-宏哥 QQ交流群：705269076 Project: 《《一头扎进》系列之Python+Selenium框架设计篇4- 价值好几K的框架，不看别后悔，过时不候 ''' # 3.导入模块 import time from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException import os.path from automation_framework_demo.framework.logger import Logger # create a logger instance logger = Logger(logger="BasePage").getlog() class BasePage(object): """ 定义一个页面基类，让所有页面都继承这个类，封装一些常用的页面操作方法到这个类 """ def __init__(self, driver): self.driver = driver # quit browser and end testing def quit_browser(self): self.driver.quit() # 浏览器前进操作 def forward(self): self.driver.forward() logger.info("Click forward on current page.") # 浏览器后退操作 def back(self): self.driver.back() logger.info("Click back on current page.") # 隐式等待 def wait(self, seconds): self.driver.implicitly_wait(seconds) logger.info("wait for %d seconds." % seconds) # 点击关闭当前窗口 def close(self): try: self.driver.close() logger.info("Closing and quit the browser.") except NameError as e: logger.error("Failed to quit the browser with %s" % e) # 保存图片 def get_windows_img(self): """ 在这里我们把file_path这个参数写死，直接保存到我们项目根目录的一个文件夹.\Screenshots下 """ file_path = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath('.')) + '/screenshots/' rq = time.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M', time.localtime(time.time())) screen_name = file_path + rq + '.png' try: self.driver.get_screenshot_as_file(screen_name) logger.info("Had take screenshot and save to folder : /screenshots") except NameError as e: logger.error("Failed to take screenshot! %s" % e) self.get_windows_img() # 定位元素方法 def find_element(self, selector): """ 这个地方为什么是根据=>来切割字符串，请看页面里定位元素的方法 submit_btn = "id=>su" login_lnk = "xpath => //*[@id='u1']/a[7]" # 百度首页登录链接定位 如果采用等号，结果很多xpath表达式中包含一个=，这样会造成切割不准确，影响元素定位 :param selector: :return: element """ element = '' if '=>' not in selector: return self.driver.find_element_by_id(selector) selector_by = selector.split('=>')[0] selector_value = selector.split('=>')[1] print(selector_value) if selector_by == "i" or selector_by == 'id': try: element = self.driver.find_element_by_id(selector_value) logger.info("Had find the element \' %s \' successful " "by %s via value: %s " % (element.text, selector_by, selector_value)) except NoSuchElementException as e: logger.error("NoSuchElementException: %s" % e) self.get_windows_img() # take screenshot elif selector_by == "n" or selector_by == 'name': element = self.driver.find_element_by_name(selector_value) elif selector_by == "c" or selector_by == 'class_name': element = self.driver.find_element_by_class_name(selector_value) elif selector_by == "l" or selector_by == 'link_text': element = self.driver.find_element_by_link_text(selector_value) elif selector_by == "p" or selector_by == 'partial_link_text': element = self.driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text(selector_value) elif selector_by == "t" or selector_by == 'tag_name': element = self.driver.find_element_by_tag_name(selector_value) elif selector_by == "x" or selector_by == 'xpath': try: element = self.driver.find_element_by_xpath(selector_value) logger.info("Had find the element \' %s \' successful " "by %s via value: %s " % (element.text, selector_by, selector_value)) except NoSuchElementException as e: logger.error("NoSuchElementException: %s" % e) self.get_windows_img() elif selector_by == "s" or selector_by == 'selector_selector': element = self.driver.find_element_by_css_selector(selector_value) else: raise NameError("Please enter a valid type of targeting elements.") print(element) return element # 输入 def type(self, selector, text): el = self.find_element(selector) el.clear() try: el.send_keys(text) logger.info("Had type \' %s \' in inputBox" % text) except NameError as e: logger.error("Failed to type in input box with %s" % e) self.get_windows_img() # 清除文本框 def clear(self, selector): el = self.find_element(selector) try: el.clear() logger.info("Clear text in input box before typing.") except NameError as e: logger.error("Failed to clear in input box with %s" % e) self.get_windows_img() # 点击元素 def click(self, selector): el = self.find_element(selector) try: el.click() logger.info("The element \' %s \' was clicked." % el) except NameError as e: logger.error("Failed to click the element with %s" % e) # 或者网页标题 def get_page_title(self): logger.info("Current page title is %s" % self.driver.title) return self.driver.title @staticmethod def sleep(seconds): time.sleep(seconds) logger.info("Sleep for %d seconds" % seconds)
4. pageObjects文件夹下相关代码
1.页面对象中，百度主页的元素定位和简单的操作函数，页面类主要是元素定位和页面操作写成函数，供测试类调用。
baidu_homepage.py
4.1 代码实现：
4.2 参考代码：
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # 1.先设置编码，utf-8可支持中英文，如上，一般放在第一行 # 2.注释：包括记录创建时间，创建人，项目名称。 ''' Created on 2019-12-20 @author: 北京-宏哥 QQ交流群：705269076 Project: 《《一头扎进》系列之Python+Selenium框架设计篇4- 价值好几K的框架，不看别后悔，过时不候 ''' # 3.导入模块 from automation_framework_demo.framework.base_page import BasePage class HomePage(BasePage): input_box = "id=>kw" search_submit_btn = "xpath=>//*[@id='su']" #百度新闻入口 #news_link = "xpath=>//*[@id='u1']/a[@name='tj_trnews']" news_link = "xpath=>//*[@id='u1']/a[@name='tj_trnews']" def type_search(self, text): self.type(self.input_box, text) def send_submit_btn(self): self.click(self.search_submit_btn) def click_news(self,): self.click(self.news_link) self.sleep(2)
这里注意下元素定位写法，=>和base_page.py中find_element()方法元素定位切割有关系，网上有些人写根据逗号切割或者等号切割，在实际使用xpath定位，发现单独逗号或者单独等号切割都不精确，造成元素定位失败。
5. 测试类的写法举例
1.新建一个测试类baidu_search1.py。
baidu_search1.py
5.1 代码实现：
5.2 参考代码：
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*- # 1.先设置编码，utf-8可支持中英文，如上，一般放在第一行 # 2.注释：包括记录创建时间，创建人，项目名称。 ''' Created on 2019-12-20 @author: 北京-宏哥 QQ交流群：705269076 Project: 《《一头扎进》系列之Python+Selenium框架设计篇4- 价值好几K的框架，不看别后悔，过时不候 ''' # 3.导入模块 import time import unittest from automation_framework_demo.framework.browser_engine import BrowserEngine from automation_framework_demo.pageobjects.baidu_homepage import HomePage class BaiduSearch(unittest.TestCase): @classmethod def setUpClass(cls): """ 测试固件的setUp()的代码，主要是测试的前提准备工作 :return: """ browse = BrowserEngine(cls) cls.driver = browse.open_browser(cls) @classmethod def tearDownClass(cls): """ 测试结束后的操作，这里基本上都是关闭浏览器 :return: """ cls.driver.quit() def test_baidu_search(self): """ 这里一定要test开头，把测试逻辑代码封装到一个test开头的方法里。 :return: """ # self.driver.find_element_by_id('kw').send_keys('selenium') # time.sleep(1) homepage = HomePage(self.driver) homepage.type_search('selenium') # 调用页面对象中的方法 homepage.send_submit_btn() # 调用页面对象类中的点击搜索按钮方法 time.sleep(2) homepage.get_windows_img() # 调用基类截图方法 print(self.driver.title) try: assert('selenium' in HomePage.get_page_title(self)) print('Test Pass.') except Exception as e: print('Test Fail.', format(e)) def test_search2(self): homepage = HomePage(self.driver) homepage.type_search('python') # 调用页面对象中的方法 homepage.send_submit_btn() # 调用页面对象类中的点击搜索按钮方法 time.sleep(2) homepage.get_windows_img() # 调用基类截图方法 if __name__ == '__main__': unittest.main()
5.3 运行结果：
运行代码后，控制台打印如下图的结果
5.4 代码说明
homepage = HomePage(self.driver)
上面这行代码要注意，意思是：到一个页面，第一件事情是初始化这个页面的一个页面对象实例。注意，一定要带self.driver，不然会报错，这个self.driver，可以这样理解：在当前测试类里面，self.driver是来自浏览器引擎类中方法得到的，在初始化一个页面对象
的时候，也把这个来自浏览器引擎类的driver给赋值给当前的页面对象，这样，才能执行页面对象或者基类里面的相关driver方法。写多了selenium的自动化脚本，你会明白，最重要的是保持前后driver的唯一性。
5.5 生成图片
1.测试结果：会在logs文件夹生成一个日志文件，也会在screenshots文件夹生成一个png图片。日志看过了，这里我们看一下图片
2.图片内容如下图：
6. 小结
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