table of Contents
Basic knowledge of Linux
The story of the birth of Linux
Unix articles:
In order to further strengthen the functions of the mainframe, allowing the host's resources can provide more users to take advantage of, so in 1964 by AT & A's Bell Labs (Bell), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and singular Company (GE US General Electric Company) jointly launched the Multics (multiple information computing system) program, the purpose of the plan is to Multics mainframe can support more than 300 simultaneous connections to use the terminal.
A man named Ken Thompson at Bell Labs who is also involved in the project, and developed a called "Star Trek" game on the Multics operating system. However, due to the slow progress of work Multics program, funds are in short supply. So In 1969, Bell labs withdrew from the Multics plan.
In that one day, his wife took the children to return home to visit relatives month, Ken Thompson to spend their boring time, but also to continue to play his "Star Trek." Ever since, he decided to write one operation systems to migrate their own game.
This, Unix's prototype, UNICS was born. At this time, UNICS is only written in assembly language. Ported to other computers need to change a lot of source code, very convenient.
So he has developed a programming language --- B language, rewritten UNICS with B language. However, B written in UNICS transplant them, still need to change the portion of the source code, which he was not satisfied.
So, we have developed a C language programming language --- the famous, and the C language rewritten UNICS.
Later, we whichever is homophonic, called Unix.
History transition articles:
At first Unix is free and open source, anyone can obtain its source code, each university will also Unix operating system for teaching.
Until 1970, AT & A companies realize the business value of Unix, they began to use legal means to try to protect Unix, Unix source code makes privatization, and since 1979 no longer allow universities to use the source code for their teaching.
In 1983, when a man named Stallman hackers sit still, he believes that software should be free, everyone should be free to use and can take it directly to the source, and the source code to improve it. So he He launched the GNU Project.
In 1984, there have been a university professor named Tanenbaum, and for teaching purposes, based on AT & A's system V has developed a product called Minix operating system is.
In 1985, Stallman founded the Free Software Foundation to provide technical / legal / financial support for the GNU project.
By 1990, when, GNU program has developed a lot of good software, it is not completed then the only operating system kernel.
Bang! Linux out!
In 1991, there was a university named Linus students, based on Minux he developed the first version of Linux, and released under the GNU free software (GPL) terms. In 1992, when the success of the other GNU software combination.
It encapsulates many applications software on the Linux operating system kernel called Linux distributions.
Linux and Unix relations
Linux pronunciation
Your life will hear various readings on Linux, the mainstream are: Mile na cough dead , miles you cough dead , miles cough dead cow
That in the end which pronunciation is correct?
The answer is: all right
Why, because we are so read, no matter how you read that everyone can understand.
This is like <Zhen Huan Chuan>, the public will read Zhen huan pass, although later it was the whole unitary moths, said Huan huan not read, read xuān. Useful to you? And with no eggs.
Linux mascot
Legend, this man child after Linus wrote Linux, Linux daunted by the thought given a mascot, but ...... puzzling
One time he went to the zoo to see penguins time, because thinking about things mascot, so distracted, then so was bitten by penguins.
So he looked at the penguin. "Bite me? Well, so be it, mascot's you."
So, Linux mascot is a penguin.
The main Linux distributions
我们上面说过,在Linux内核上封装了众多应用软件的操作系统就叫做Linux发行版.
那么,主要的发行版都有哪些呢?
这里面,有一个点要提一下.那就是centos和redhat公司的关系.
起初,redhat公司发行了redhat系统,发展着发展着,演变出了两个分支,一个分支是交由社区来维护和跟新,这个版本就是我们用的最多的Centos.而另一个分支,就是依旧由redhat公司自己负责维护和更新的版本,redhat,这个版本上面有些服务是需要收费的.
Linux和Windows的比较
为啥要学Linux
Linux运维工程师
比如说,想阿里,腾讯这样的公司,服务器有几万台甚至几十万台,这么多服务器,要保证他们的正常运行,那肯定不是python程序员干的活,得有专门的人负责这个事,那就是Linux运维工程师,
他们得保证服务器可以7*24小时能够不间断正常提供服务,比如说,服务器优化,日常监控,数据安全,数据备份等等.
linux嵌入式开发工程师
举个简单的例子,就比如说,你的智能手表,家里的智能家居,他们之所以智能,只因为硬件之上有操作系统,操作系统之上有软件.那么它们的操作系统,大部分就是定制裁剪后的Linux,而为他们提供软件支持的,就是Linux嵌入式开发工程师.
项目维护及部署
对于程序员,我们为什么要学Linux呢?
这么说吧,我们写的项目最终都是要部署到Linux下的,所以我们学Linux主要是要学习,Linux的基本操作,文件管理,环境搭建以及项目部署.
当然,不会也行,正常可以交给运维去做.但这对你自己本身的个人竞争力会有一个比较大的影响.
怎么学Linux
不需要掌握所有的Linux指令,要学会使用百度
那么多命令呢,记得住吗?记不住.怎么办?查就完了.
Linux不是编程,重点是实操