OpenWRT NetWork

Network basics /etc/config/network

  • This is a default OpenWrt network stack of a typical home router
  • your device may vary slightly in features or numbering scheme
  • Pay attention, that the labels “ WAN” and “ LAN” can mean different things, depending on their context
Web Luci  the GUI Comment  
“Firewall” Rules for traffic between zones Forwarding Rules, Traffic Rules, Custom Rules
“Firewall”, “Interfaces” Network zone configuration WAN  (Zone) LAN (Zone)
“Interfaces” TCP config & Bridge configuration VAN WAN6 LAN (TCP and Bridge config)
“Switch”, “Wireless” VLANs and wireless SSIDs VLAN 1 (eth 0.2) VLAN 2 (eth 0.1) MEMBERS 5 MEMBERS 2.4
“Switch”, “Wireless” Internal jack labels and radio labels WAN (Interface) LAN  1 LAN  2 LAN  3 LAN  4 radio0 radio1
- Common vendor labels on backside a device “Internet” “1” “2” “3” “4” "N / and" “b/g/n”

Network configuration

The central network configuration is handled by the uci network subsystem, and stored in the file /etc/config/network. This uci susbsystem is responsible for defining switch VLANsinterface configurations and network routes.

After any network configuration change (through uci or otherwise) you need to reload the network configuration in the netifid daemon by writing:

service network reload

If your install does not supply the service command, a reload can be accomplished with:

/etc/init.d/network reload

Thanks to netifd (Network Interface Daemon), the changed interfaces will be restarted automatically to apply the changes live. Rebooting the router is not necessary, but is also another way that will force a configuration reload.

Here an example network uci subsystem with default settings for a TL-WR1043ND

# uci show network
network.loopback=interface
network.loopback.ifname='lo'
network.loopback.proto='static'
network.loopback.ipaddr='127.0.0.1'
network.loopback.netmask='255.0.0.0'
network.globals=globals
network.globals.ula_prefix='fd27:70fa:5c1d::/48' network.lan=interface network.lan.type='bridge' network.lan.ifname='eth0.1' network.lan.proto='static' network.lan.netmask='255.255.255.0' network.lan.ip6assign='60' network.lan.ipaddr='192.168.1.1' network.wan=interface network.wan.ifname='eth0.2' network.wan.proto='dhcp' network.wan6=interface network.wan6.ifname='eth0.2' network.wan6.proto='dhcpv6' network.@switch[0]=switch network.@switch[0].name='switch0' network.@switch[0].reset='1' network.@switch[0].enable_vlan='1' network.@switch_vlan[0]=switch_vlan network.@switch_vlan[0].device='switch0' network.@switch_vlan[0].vlan='1' network.@switch_vlan[0].ports='1 2 3 4 5t' network.@switch_vlan[1]=switch_vlan network.@switch_vlan[1].device='switch0' network.@switch_vlan[1].vlan='2' network.@switch_vlan[1].ports='0 5t'

and here the same settings as written in /etc/config/network

# cat /etc/config/network
 
config interface 'loopback'
        option ifname 'lo'
        option proto 'static'
        option ipaddr '127.0.0.1'
        option netmask '255.0.0.0'   config globals 'globals' option ula_prefix 'fd27:70fa:5c1d::/48'   config interface 'lan' option type 'bridge' option ifname 'eth0.1' option proto 'static' option netmask '255.255.255.0' option ip6assign '60' option ipaddr '192.168.1.1'   config interface 'wan' option ifname 'eth0.2' option proto 'dhcp'   config interface 'wan6' option ifname 'eth0.2' option proto 'dhcpv6'   config switch option name 'switch0' option reset '1' option enable_vlan '1'   config switch_vlan option device 'switch0' option vlan '1' option ports '1 2 3 4 5t'   config switch_vlan option device 'switch0' option vlan '2' option ports '0 5t'

To see a list of interfaces write the following:

ubus list network.interface.*

To view all info about a particular interface (the UCI name not the physical interface), write:

ifstatus lan

Sections

A minimal network configuration for a router usually consists of at least two interfaces (lan and wan) and a switch section if applicable.

Globals

The globals section contains interface-independent options affecting the network configuration in general.

Name Type Required Default Description
ula_prefix IPv6-prefix no (none) IPv6 ULA-Prefix for this device

Interfaces

Sections of the type interface declare logical networks serving as containers for IP address settings, aliasesroutes, physical interface names and startfirewall_rules - they play a central role within the LEDE configuration concept.

A minimal interface declaration consists of the following lines:

enter:

network.wan=interface
network.wan.ifname='eth0.2'
network.wan.proto='dhcp'

config file:

config 'interface' 'wan'
        option 'proto' 'dhcp'
        option 'ifname' 'eth0.2'
  • wan is a unique  logical interface name
  • dhcp specifies the  interface protocolDHCP in this example
  • eth0.2 is the  physical interface associated with this section

The Linux kernel limits the physical interface name length to 15 characters including the automatically added prefix that is added for some protocols (e.g.6in4pppoa-pppoe-gre4t-) or with bridges (br-).

Depending on the protocol type, the logical interface name may thus be limited to only 9 characters. E.g. 'abcde67890' is a valid interface name for a normal interface using dhcp, but not for a pppoe interface where the final name would be 'pppoe-abcde67890', which is >15 chars.

If using .VLAN notation, an additional 5 characters may be needed, limiting the “parent” interface name to 4 characters for protocols such as GRE. abcd.NNNN ⇒ gre4t-abcd.NNNN for 15 characters.

Using a too long name will lead to silent errors, with interface creation or modification not being sucessful.

The interface protocol may be one of the following:

Protocol Description Program
static Static configuration with fixed address and netmask ip/ifconfig
dhcp Address and netmask are assigned by DHCP udhcpc (Busybox)
dhcpv6 Address and netmask are assigned by DHCPv6 odhcpc6c
ppp PPP protocol - dialup modem connections pppd
pppoe PPP over Ethernet - DSL broadband connection pppd + plugin rp-pppoe.so
pppoa PPP over ATM - DSL connection using a builtin modem pppd + plugin …
3g CDMA, UMTS or GPRS connection using an AT-style 3G modem comgt
qmi USB modems using QMI protocol uqmi
ncm USB modems using NCM protocol comgt-ncm + ?
wwan USB modems with protocol autodetection wwan
hnet Self-managing home network (HNCP) hnet-full
pptp Connection via PPtP VPN ?
6in4 IPv6-in-IPv4 tunnel for use with Tunnel Brokers like HE.net ?
aiccu Anything-in-anything tunnel aiccu
6to4 Stateless IPv6 over IPv4 transport ?
6rd IPv6 rapid deployment 6rd
dslite Dual-Stack Lite ds-lite
l2tp PPP over L2TP Pseudowire Tunnel xl2tpd
relay relayd pseudo-bridge relayd
gregretap GRE over IPv4 gre + kmod-gre
grev6grev6tap GRE over IPv6 gre + kmod-gre6
vti VTI over IPv4 vti + kmod-ip_vti
vtiv6 VTI over IPv6 vti + kmod-ip6_vti
none Unspecified protocol, therefore all the other interface settings will be ignored (like disabling the configuration) -

Depending on the used interface protocol several other options may be required for a complete interface declaration. The corresponding options for each protocol are listed below. Options marked as “yes” in the “Required” column must be defined in the interface section if the corresponding protocol is used, options marked as “no” may be defined but can be omitted as well.

:!: If an interface section has no protocol defined (not even none ), the other settings are completely ignored. The result is that, if the interface section is mentioning a physical network interface (i.e. eth0), this will be down even if a cable is connected (with proto 'none' the interface is up).

Options valid for all protocol types

Name Type Required Default Description
ifname interface name(s) yes(*) (none) Physical interface name to assign to this section, list of interfaces if type bridge is set.
(*) This option may be empty or missing if only a wireless interface references this network or if the protocol type is pptppppoa or 6in4
type string no (none) If set to “bridge”, a bridge containing the given ifnames is created
As WLAN interface names may be dynamic or unpredictable, it is strongly recommended that they be assigned to bridges using the network option in UCI wireless configuration
stp boolean no 0 Only valid for type “bridge”, enables the Spanning Tree Protocol
bridge_empty boolean no 0 Only valid for type “bridge”, enables creating empty bridges
igmp_snooping boolean no 0 Only valid for type “bridge”, sets the multicast_snooping kernel setting for a bridge
multicast_querier boolean no (takes over the value of igmp_snooping) Only valid for type “bridge”, sets the multicast_querier kernel setting for a bridge
macaddr mac address no (none) Override MAC address of this interface. Example: 62:11:22:aa:bb:cc
mtu number no (none) Override the default MTU on this interface
auto boolean no 0 for proto none, else 1 Specifies whether to bring up interface on boot
ipv6 boolean no 1 Specifies whether to enable (1) or disable (0) IPv6 on this interface (Barrier Breaker and later only)
accept_ra boolean no 1 for protocol dhcp, else 0 Specifies whether to accept IPv6 Router Advertisements on this interface deprecated:
send_rs boolean no 1 for protocol static, else 0 Specifies whether to send Router Solicitations on this interface deprecated:
force_link boolean no 1 for protocol static, else 0 Specifies whether ip address, route, and optionally gateway are assigned to the interface regardless of the link being active ('1') or only after the link has become active ('0'); when set to '1', carrier sense events do not invoke hotplug handlers
disabled boolean no 0 enable or disable the interface section
ip4table string no (none) IPv4 routing table for routes of this interface. E.g., when proto = dhcp, the dhcp client will add routes to that table
ip6table string no (none) IPv6 routing table for routes of this interface. E.g., when proto = dhcp6, the dhcp6 client will add routes to that table

See wan_interface_protocols for documentation on the protocol-specific options available for each WAN protocol.

The options _orig_ifname and _orig_bridge may be seen in /etc/config/network when managed by LuCI and were used to keep previous information across edits. They were moved out of ''/etc/config/network'' in March, 2018.

Switch Configuration

For many users, the default switch configuration is sufficient. Should the user need to configure the switch differently, LuCI, UCI, or direct editing of /etc/config/network may be used to achieve different configurations. Prior to any reconfiguration of the switch, an understanding of the default configuration is important. As an example, some devices have a single switch-connected interface, and other have two or more.

See also:

The identifier for the switch(es) may be obtained using

# swconfig list
Found: switch0 - ag71xx-mdio.0

With the identifier known, the configuration can be viewed

# swconfig dev switch0 show
Global attributes:
	enable_vlan: 1
	enable_mirror_rx: 0
	enable_mirror_tx: 0
	mirror_monitor_port: 0
	mirror_source_port: 0 arl_age_time: 300 arl_table: address resolution table [...]

There are three types of switch-related configuration stanzas, switchswitch_vlan, and switch_port.

Not all options are available on all hardware. Some limitations may be found with swconfig dev <dev> help. After making changes, check the output of swconfig to determine if the configuration was accepted by the switch hardware.

FIXME: The list of options may be incomplete. The details of each option need additional discovery and documentation, including checking of the underlying code. The source of restrictions on value ranges has yet to be identified. Valid values should be confirmed in the code.

config switch

Option Name Type Required Default Impact Notes
name string yes (none) defines which switch to configure  
reset 0|1        
enable_vlan 0|1        
enable_mirror_rx 0|1 no 0 Mirror received packets from the mirror_source_port to the mirror_monitor_port  
enable_mirror_tx 0|1 no 0 Mirror transmitted packets from the mirror_source_port to the mirror_monitor_port  
mirror_monitor_port integer no 0 Switch port to which packets are mirrored  
mirror_source_port integer no 0 Switch port from which packets are mirrored  
arl_age_time integer no 300 Adjust the address-resolution (MAC) table's aging time (seconds) Default may differ by hardware
igmp_snooping 0|1 no 0 Enable IGMP snooping Unconfirmed if can be set. Unknown how it interacts with interface- or port-level IGMP snooping.
igmp_v3 0|1 no 0   Unconfirmed if can be set. Unknown how it interacts with interface- or port-level IGMP snooping.

config switch_vlan

Option Name Type Required Default Impact Notes
device string yes (none) defines which switch to configure  
vlan integer yes (none) The vlan “table index” to configure May be limited to 127 or another number. See the output of swconfig dev <dev> help for limit. Sets defaults for VLAN tag and PVID.
vid integer no vlan The VLAN tag number to use See the output of swconfig dev <dev> help for limit. VLANs 0 and 4095 are often considered “special use”.
ports string yes (none) A string of space-separated port indicies that should be associated with the VLAN. Adding the suffix t to a port indicates that egress packets should be tagged, for example '0 1 3t 5t' The suffixes * and u are referred to in docs:guide-user:network:switch with reference to certain Broadcom switches in the context of older releases.

config switch_port

Option Name Type Required Default Impact Notes
device string yes (none) defines which switch to configure  
port integer yes (none) The port index to configure  
pvid integer no Port PVID; the VLAN tag†† to assign to untagged ingress packets †Typically defaults one of the VLAN tags associated with the port. Logic not clear when there are multiple VLANs on the port. '0' can occur. Certain values have been rejected; logic not clear on limitations. ††May refer to the VLAN “index” rather than the VLAN tag itself (unconfirmed).
enable_eee 0|1 no 0 Enable “energy saving” features  
igmp_snooping 0|1 no 0 Enable IGMP snooping Unconfirmed if can be set. Unknown how it interacts with interface- or switch-level IGMP snooping.
igmp_v3 0|1 no 0   Unconfirmed if can be set. Unknown how it interacts with interface- or switch-level IGMP snooping.

Network management

Network configuration can be re-applied by running /etc/init.d/network restart.

Individual interfaces can be brought up with ifup name or down with ifdown name where name corresponds to the logical interface name of the corresponding config interface section. An ifup implies a prior ifdown so there is no need to invoke both when reloading an interface.

Note that wireless interfaces are managed externally and ifup may break the relation to existing bridges. In such a case it is required to run wifi up after ifup in order to re-establish the bridge connection.

See also: Scripting interface

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Origin www.cnblogs.com/sudochen/p/12030124.html