Learning content summary
Chapter XII
Information system is to allow users to organize and manage data applications. General Information System software, including spreadsheets car 406 database management systems. Other areas (such as artificial intelligence) also has its own dedicated data management and technical support.
Spreadsheet software is used to organize the cells for data applications and new value calculation formula. You can refer to a cell with a reference line, such as A5 or B7. Substantially cell can store data or formulas. Formula reference value usually in other cells, but also the use of built-in functions to calculate the result. Furthermore, the formula may also be used within a data range of cells. If the cell is stored in the formula, the cell is a true indication of the value of the formula. For spreadsheet formulas, to avoid circular references (calculated two or more mutually dependent cells) is important.
Spreadsheet versatility and scalability. They are suitable for a variety of different situations, it is possible to dynamically respond to changes. If the value of the spreadsheet is changed, the relevant formulas will automatically recalculate the results of the latest generation. If the spreadsheet to add a row or column, then the scope of the formula will be corrected immediately. Spreadsheet particularly suitable for simulation analysis assumptions, the value of which is assumed to be continuously modified to understand the impact on the other data systems.
Database management system for storing data files including physical, logical layout of the database schema supports data access and modify the software as well as the specified database. Relational model database is the most commonly used method. It organizational data table, the table consists of records (object), a recording field (attribute) configuration. Each table is assigned a key field, the only value of key fields - identifies each record in the table.
The relationship between database elements can be represented in the new tables that also can have their own attributes. Table not duplicate data in other tables, but the key-value store database records, when necessary in order to be able to find detailed data.
Structured Query Language (SQL) is a query language for relational databases and operating. select query statement, which have many variants, it is possible to access specific data in the database. Other SQL statements can be executed against the database to add, modify, and delete data.
To design a database given carefully. FIG ER Entity Relationship Modeling and its associated database design is a common method. ER diagram that graphically depicts the relationships between database objects, their attributes and described cardinality constraints.
E-commerce is the process of buying and selling over the Internet services. As e-commerce has become more popular, selling over 407 Internet articles had to take more stringent security measures to ensure its integrity.
Chapter XIII
AI process modeling and application of human thought. Turing test is a measure to determine whether a machine can think like humans, the way the use of an analog of human dialogue.
AI disciplines there are many problems to be studied. The most basic question is how to represent knowledge in the form that can be handled effectively. Semantic Web is a graphical representation of knowledge, it captures the relationship between objects in the real world. According to the analysis of the network diagram can answer questions. Search tree is an important knowledge-confrontational movement (such as race) is. Complex games (such as chess) of the search tree is very large, so to effectively analyze such a structure, but also put forward a new strategy.
Embedded expert system knowledge of human experts. It uses a set of rules to define the conditions, under such conditions, some conclusions can be drawn. Expert system is suitable for many types of decision-making processes, such as medical diagnosis.
Artificial neural networks simulate the human brain processing network. Artificial neurons generated according to the plurality of input signals - the importance of a signal, the output of the input signal determined by the weight thereof. This simulates human neuronal activity, i.e., from neurons adjusting a neuron to the next input signal intensity of synapses.
Natural language processing operation is that people used to communicate the language, such as English. By simulating the human voice playback of pre-recorded phonemes or words can be synthesized speech. In the case of an isolated word, speech recognition can best be achieved, to identify a specific person's voice training system may also be implemented corrugations good speech recognition results. The so-called natural language understanding, is the content of the conversation to give an explanation, which is the core of natural language processing. A variety of ambiguous natural language exists (ie a sentence various interpretations) greatly complicates the understanding of natural language. Robotics is a robotics science research, focusing on two major categories of fixed robots and mobile robot. Fixed robot is being fixed up and waiting for the object to be processed through their robots. It is possible to move the mobile robot, the environment in which they need to be modeled using artificial intelligence techniques.
Chapter XIV
Simulation is a major field of computing, which involves constructing a computer model of a complex system, and the experimental model used for the observation. Model is an abstraction of the real system, the model, the system is represented as a set of objects or features as well as manage their behavior rules.
There are two main types of simulation, that is, continuous analog and discrete event simulation. In a continuous simulated, the change is represented by partial differential equations reflecting the relationship between the features or objects. In discrete event simulation, the behavior is represented as an entity, attribute, and event, i.e. where the object entity, i.e., the properties characteristic of an entity, i.e. the interaction event between entities.
A queuing system a discrete event simulation, where the waiting time is a factor to be analyzed. Random numbers can simulate the arrival and continuing events, such as the car drove into the bank or people entering the supermarket. Meteorological and seismic model is a model example of a continuous simulation.
Computer graphics is a combination of the field of computer science and the art of painting, fascinating. It relies on mathematical equations to simulate natural phenomena in the image to be rendered. The interactive computer graphics light, the properties (such as transparency and surface texture), the shape of the object and the physical properties of the combination together, generate photo realistic images.
The computer game is a virtual world players can interact between the system and the player with. Game developers, software designers and programmers Lane to create a virtual world game with a game engine.
Textbook learning and problem solving process
- One problem: how to represent database entity-relationship modeling design
- A problem solving process: The data model is based on an understanding of the real world: the world of the link between a set of basic objects called entities and these objects, the model is a semantic model, semantic model of the main reflected in the model trying to express the significance of the data.
- Second problem: understanding and strength of the equivalence of Turing test
- Problem Solving Process II: Strong Artificial Intelligence: the machine can indeed have a truly intelligent, reasoning like a human can, thinking and problem solving. Weak artificial intelligence: the machine just looks smart, in fact, not like a human reasoning, thinking and problem solving.
Learn sentiment
Learning the contents of the Excel spreadsheet and Word document, then the feeling is still hands-on experience and solve problems, learn faster knowledge. Details of the content of textbooks is not enough understanding in place, are not familiar with.
Learning progress
Chapter XII XIII XIV learning materials is their self-study skills.