Rewrite jump scene

URL looks more standardized and reasonable;
Dynamic URL address of the company will be disguised as a static address to provide services;
After the Web site domain name renewal, let the old access jump to the new domain name;
Server and certain operational adjustments.

Rewrite jump achieve

Nginx rewrite module services (theoretical Detailed)

Rewrite practical scene

Nginx jumps implementation requirements

Use rewrite match Jump
After the match if using global variables Jump
Use location and then jump match

rewrite on the server {}, if {}, paragraph location {}

The domain name or parameter string

If the use of global variables match
Use reverse proxy proxy_pass

Common regular expression metacharacters

character	Explanation
^	Matches the input character string starting position
$	Matches the input end of the string
*	Matches the preceding character zero or more times
+	In front of the match character one or more times
？	Matches the preceding character zero or one time
.	Matches any single character except \ n, the usage patterns such as "[. \ N]" and the like, may be included to match any character "\ n" is
\d	Pure digital matching [0-9]
{n}	Repeated several times
{n,}	Repeated n times or more
[c]	Matches a single character c
[a-z]	Matches any lowercase letters az a
[A-zA-Z]	] Az matches any lowercase or uppercase letters AZ a

Rewrite command

grammar:

rewrite <regex>            <replacement>             [flag];
           正则                  跳转后的内容               rewrite支持的flag标记

flag Signs

mark	Explanation
last	Apache equivalent of [L] flag, indicating the completion rewrite
break	Complete match this rule is terminated and no longer match any subsequent rules
redirect	Returned 302 temporary redirect, the browser displays the URL address after the jump, reptile does not update the url
permanent	Returned 301 permanent redirect, the browser address bar displays the URL address after the jump, reptile update url

last break and compare

	last	break
scenes to be used	Generally written in the server and if the	In general use in location
URL matches	Does not terminate after the match url rewriting	Termination url rewriting after match

location Category

location = patt {} [精准匹配]
location patt {} [一般匹配]
location ~ patt {} [正则匹配]

Common regular expression matching

mark	Explanation
~	Performing a regular matching case-sensitive
~*	Performing a regular matching insensitive
!~	Performing a regular matching case sensitive mismatch
!~*	Performing a regular matching insensitive mismatch
^~	Ordinary character matches; prefix match. If the match is successful, no longer match other location
=	Precise matching ordinary characters. That is exact match
@	Define a named location, orientation when used internally

location priority

The same type of expression, the characters will give priority to creating a long match
prioritized

Type =
^ ~ Type expression
Regular Expressions (~ and ~ *) type
Conventional string matching type press prefix matching
Generally matching (/), if no other matches, any requests are matched to the

Compare rewrite and location

The same point
can be realized Jump
different points

rewrite is to change the access to resources within the same domain name path
location is to do a kind of path or direction to control access to the proxy, you can also proxy_pass to other machines
rewrite will be written in the location where the execution order
Performing server rewrite instruction block inside
Execution location match
Perform the selected location in the rewrite instructions

Priority exemplary location

##精确匹配/，主机名后面不能带任何字符串
location = / {
[ configuration A ]     
}

##所有的地址都以/开头，这条规则将匹配到所有请求，但正则和最长字符串会优先匹配
location  / {
[ configuration B ]     
}

##匹配任何以/documents/开头的地址，当后面正则表达式没有匹配到时，才起作用
location /documents/ {
[ configuration C ]
}

##匹配任何以/documents/abc开头的地址，当后面正则表达式没有匹配到时，才会起作用
location ~ /documents/abc {
[ configuration D ]
}

##以/images/开头的地址，匹配符合后，停止往下匹配
location ^~ /images/ {
[ configuration E ]
}

##匹配所有以gif结尾的请求，/images/下的图片会被[configuration E]处理，因为^~的优先级更高
location ~* \.(gif|jpg|jpeg)$ {
[ configuration F ]
}

##最长字符匹配到/images/abc，优先级最低
location /images/abc {
[ configuration G ]
}

##以/images/abc开头的，优先级次之
location ~ /images/abc {
[ configuration H ]
}

##如果和正则~/images/abc/1.html相比，正则优先级更高
location /images/abc/1.html {
[ configuration I ]
}

location precedence rules

Match a specific file

(location =完整路径) > (location ^~完整路径) > (location ~*完整
路径) > (location ~完整路径) > (location 完整路径) > (location /)

Access a file directory do match

(location=目录) > (location ^~目录/) > (location~目录)>
(location ~*目录) > (location 目录) > (location /)