One, "Introduction to Computer Science" Chapter IX - object-oriented design and high-level programming language
(A) object-oriented method
Since the focus is top-down design tasks. In contrast, object-oriented design method called "object" independent entity to generate solutions. Once collected, the whole object of all problems can constitute a solution to the problem.
1. Object-Oriented
(1) Object ( Object object or entity) related issues in the context of
(2) object classes, referred to as category ( Object class or class describes a group of objects with similar attributes and behavior)
(3) field ( Field ) class specific item, the data may be a subroutine or
(4) Method ( Method ) defines a specific algorithm behavior class.
2. Design Method
(1) Brainstorm: determine the object classes that may be required
(2) Filter: Filter integration, collective discussion of the results
(3) Scene: accountability object class (what tube) (verb), "If ... will ..."
(4) liability algorithm: write algorithm responsibility
(5) Summary: In the software design specification, the verb concerned - Procedural; Focus term - Object Oriented
(B) the translation process
1. Compiler ( Compiler ) to translate high-level language program into machine code program
2. Interpreter ( Interpreter programs written in high level language input), direct a computer to perform an action program established by each statement
3. Interpreted, typically performs slower than compiled
(1) Interpreter ( Interpreter ) programs written in high level language input, guidance computer to execute each statement specified action program
(2) byte code ( bytecode The ) compiled java standard machine language source code using
(3) portability standardized language provided (can be run directly on the computer with a language compiler), with, provided bytecode interpretation portability (when there JVM can run directly on the computer), different .
(C) the specification of programming languages
1. Fan of imperative
Necessary to solve the problem of the processes described, the order of execution of instructions having the features
(1) Process-oriented paradigm: the program is a subroutine hierarchical configuration
(2) the object-oriented paradigm: the operation target object and the codes tied together, so that each object is responsible for control of their operation. The Java , Python , C ++ both object-oriented part, but also for the characteristics of the process.
2. Fan of declarative
Description result
(1) Functional: The basic principle is that the evaluation function, rather than variables and assignment statements.
① Lisp、Scheme、ML
(2) a logical formula: based on the principle of symbolic logic.
(Iv) functional high-level programming language
Branch structure, loop structure is imperative sign language.
1. Boolean expression ( Boolean expression The ) a sequence identifier with a compatible spaced between the operator identifier, the value found is true or false
2. Data classification
(1) strongly typed ( strong Typing ) Each variable has a type, the only type of value which can be stored in the variable
(2) data type ( Data type ) and a set of values can be applied to the basic operating values of the set of this type.
(3) Data Type: integer, real number, character, boolean, string,
(4) declaration ( declaration statement) the associated variable, motor, language and other entities flag up, so that programmers can refer to these projects by name. ? ? Comment? ?
(5) reserved word ( Reserved Word word) has special significance, not be used as identifiers
(6) is case-sensitive ( Case sensitive )
3. Input / Output
4. Control structure
(. 1) Control Structure : determining another instruction in the program instruction execution sequence
① repeat, select, routine
(2) nested logic
(3) asynchronous processing: Also known as event-driven processing. Such a process is a sequence of events occurring back program instruction than the control.
① asynchronous ( Asynchronous ) does not occur simultaneously with other computer operation; in other words, the operation of the computer are not synchronized
② asynchronous processing often occurs in Java and VB , rather rare in other languages.
(E) features of object-oriented language
1. Package ( encapsulation ) information hiding embodiment. And the data operation packaged in a bag. Other objects of ignorant, if an object needs another object of the information, he must request to another object.
(1) object class ( Object class ) problem-solving stages: description of a set of objects of similar properties and behavior, things or entity is associated with the background of the problem
(2) the object, the implementation phase, is an instance of the object class
（3） 类，实现阶段，对象的模式
2． 类
（1） 实例化：创建类的对象
3． 继承（inheritance）获取其他类的属性（数据域和方法）的机制
4． 多态（polymorphism）一种语言的继承体系结构中具有两个同名方法且能够根据对象应用合适的方法的能力。
（六） 杂问
1． 结构化程序设计原则
2． Java、python只能使用值参？VB、C++会使用引用参数？
3．