(1) .OpenStack Overview
OpenStack is a developed by NASA (NASA) and Rackspace cooperation and initiated an Apache licensed free software and open source projects.
OpenStack is designed to provide software for public and private clouds construction and management of open source projects, supports almost any type of cloud environment, the implementation of the project aims to provide a simple, massively scalable, rich, standard unified cloud management platform. OpenStack can be such as computing power, storage, networking and software resources such as abstract as a service, so that users can enjoy remotely via the Internet, in the form of payment becomes due to be set, easy to adjust, with strong virtual scalability .
Effect (2) .OpenStack of
OpenStack is an open source cloud computing management platform project, a combination of several major components up to complete specific tasks. Its community has more than 130 enterprises and 1350 developers, these organizations and individuals will OpenStack as Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) universal front-end resources.
1）IaaS
IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service), namely infrastructure as a service. Consumers can obtain service from a good computer infrastructure through the Internet, this type of service is called Infrastructure as a Service. Internet-based services (such as storage and database) is part of IaaS.
For example: Go to Ali cloud, cloud Tencent, Baidu cloud, cloud Huawei buy a cloud host, select infrastructure (CPU, memory, hard drive).
2) have
PaaS is a Platform as a Service abbreviation refers to platform as a service. The server platform or development environment provided as a service to become PaaS.
For example: OpenShift, Red Hat's cloud development platform as a service; Sina cloud applications SAE ( https://www.sinacloud.com/sae.html )
OpenShift is in free and open source computing platform, which enables developers to create, test and run their applications, and can deploy them to the cloud. Openshift broad support for multiple programming languages and frameworks, such as Java, Ruby and PHP. It also provides a variety of integrated development tools such as Eclipse integration, JBoss Developer Studio and Jenkins et al. OpenShift based on an open source ecosystem for mobile applications, database services, and support.
3）SaaS
SaaS is an acronym for the name of Software as a Service, meaning for the software as a service, which provides software services via the network.
SaaS platform vendor unified application software deployed on their servers, customers can according to the actual needs of the work, ordered to the required application software vendors through the Internet service, and the length of time how much to pay to the vendor by the ordered service, and via the Internet Saas platform access to services provided by the supplier. SaaS application software free, paid and value-added modes. Pay is usually "all-inclusive" fee, to include the usual application software license fees, software maintenance fees and technical support costs, its unity for each user monthly rental fee.
For example: http://www.edusoho.com/ (EduSoho online classes system)
4) summary
Three kinds cloud platform architecture: IaaS, PaaS, SaaS are three different business models
5) Other Categories Cloud
By owner category: public cloud (Public Cloud), private clouds (Private Cloud), hybrid cloud (Hybrid Cloud)
Classification by technology vendors: Microsoft's cloud computing solutions, Amazon AWS, OpenStack, etc.
Note: Domestic OpenStack cloud platform to develop more secondary, community contribution is the highest domestic Huawei cloud.
(3) .OpenStack version naming rules, and each component relationship
1) naming convention
AZ order release to release, about six months or once released, has been released to Stein version ( https://releases.openstack.org/ )
View the latest OpenStack yum Source: https://repos.fedorapeople.org/repos/openstack/
2) core components
OpenStack core components: Keystone (authentication), Nova (calculated), Neutron (network), Glance (mirrored memory), Cinder (block storage), Swift (Object Store), Horizon (web UI interface), Ceilometer (measurement) , Heat (deployment schedule), Trove (database).
Detailed description:
Authentication (Keystone): unified authorization, authentication management. All components are dependent Keystone to provide the right foot 3A (authentication Authentication, authorization Authorization, Accounting Account) services.
Computing Management (Nova): Nova is OpenStack cloud computing fabric controller. Nova itself does not provide any virtualization capabilities, instead it uses the libvirt API to interact with virtual technology Hypervisors and supported, such as: kvm, Xen, VMware and other virtualization technologies.
Network (Neutron): network resources to manage virtual machines, such as: network connection, ip management, public network mapping.
Image management (Glance): main image storage and management systems, such as: cento mirror.
Block Storage (Cinder): provides storage for a virtual machine, such as a hard disk, partition, currently supports LVM, ip-san, fc-san and so on.
Object Storage (Swift): OpenStack Swift open source project provides a resilient scalable, highly available distributed object storage services for large-scale storage of unstructured data . By way of style to achieve key value stored on the file /, and now the disc is such a cloud, and MFS, HDFS similar. Note: If the customer needs a 1000T storage space, use Cinder will not work, because efficiency is too low, then use Swift.
Interface (Horizon): After installation, openstack web interface console DashBoard
Metering (Ceilometer): Ceilometer is a sub-project of OpenStack, it is like a funnel, like almost all the events can occur inside OpenStack are collected, and then provide data support for billing and monitoring, and other services.
Deployment schedule (Heat): an orchestration engine, it can start more complex cloud applications based on a text file template (these files can be viewed codes). Briefly, Heat provides a method of automatically creating cloud components (e.g., network, example, storage devices, etc.) for OpenStack users.
Database (Trove): provides scalable and reliable cloud database service for relational databases and non-relational database engine, and continue to improve its full-featured, extensible open source framework.
Extended: 3A Certification
1, authentication (Authentication), verify that the network service user's identity can not be used;
2. Authorization (Authorization): according to the results of open network authentication services to users;
3, the accounting (Accounting): the amount of user records a variety of network services, Jian supplied to the charging system. The entire system is very effective in insecurity in network management.
For example: A typical example is the broadband charges 3A certification: enter the account password (authentication) -> On the bandwidth of 100M (authorization) -> in the operating room (accounting)
(4) .OpenStack network model
Local mode: When tested using general, only a single physical machine can
GRE modes: tunnel mode, the number of VLAN no limit, a problem with performance
VLAN (virtual local area network) mode: The maximum number of vlan 4096
VXLAN (Virtual LAN extension) mode: vlan unlimited number, and the performance better than the GRE
Flat mode: Administrators create tenants directly to the external network, NAT is not required
. (5) extensions: VXLAN
1) VXLAN Overview
VXLAN Chinese name of the virtual local area network expansion, it is a simple mechanism in UDP encapsulation of MAC, you can create a virtual Layer 2 subnet across multiple physical IP subnets. For example, you can VXLAN technology, making Beijing and Shanghai in the same local area network server. (Somewhat similar to the VPN tunnel)
2) VXLAN Why be developed?
Although more than one standard can be encapsulated in IP MAC (including EtherIP GRE tunnel and the bridge), but they can not do logical VLAN tag, and therefore only the upper limit of 4096 VLAN. Further, even if these criteria may be used (can be encapsulated in the IP standard a MAC) to separate the logic network, you must be in-depth analysis of the load MAC header information, to find out the virtual fragment ID.
Cisco and VMware made VXLAN, it can slice through a 24-bit ID, the deployment of one million virtual network within a data center. Moreover, VXLAN packet format is easy to implement in hardware, so it might be later tighter integration with the physical network device.
3) VXLAN usage scenarios
Only when you need a lot of logic network, will consider VXLAN. If only a small number of logical network, it is still using VLAN.
4) VXLAN more information, please refer to: https://blog.csdn.net/octopusflying/article/details/77609199
(6) .OpenStack Related Websites
Official website: http://www.openstack.org/
github：https://github.com/openstack
The official document: https://docs.openstack.org/train/
Chinese official website (in this case, open source infrastructure summit): https://www.openstack.cn/
Official Download: https://releases.openstack.org/train/