<< SQL must know will be >> - Note 4

Insert data

INSERT

Insert complete line

    INSERT INTO Customers 
    VALUES('1000000006',
            'Toy Land',
            '123 Any Street',
            'New York',
            'NY',
            '11111',
            'USA',
            NULL,
            NULL);

One to one attribute

    INSERT INTO Customers(cust_id,
                          cust_name,
                          cust_city,
                          cust_address,
                          cust_state,
                          cust_zip,
                          cust_country,
                          cust_contact,
                          cust_email) 
    VALUES('1000000006',
            'Toy Land',
            '123 Any Street',
            'New York',
            'NY',
            '11111',
            'USA',
            NULL,
            NULL);

Insert part of the line

    INSERT INTO Customers(cust_id,
                          cust_name,
                          cust_city,
                          cust_address,
                          cust_state,
                          cust_zip,
                          cust_country) 
    VALUES('1000000006',
            'Toy Land',
            '123 Any Street',
            'New York',
            'NY',
            '11111',
            'USA');

Attribute allows part is NULL, the default value is given, or

Insertion of data retrieved

INSERT SELECTStatement

    INSERT INTO Customers(.....)
    SELECT ..... FROM CustNew;

Copied from one table into another

    CREATE TABLE CustCopy AS
    SELECT * FROM Customers;

Update and delete data

UPDATE

    UPDATE Customers 
    SET cust_contact = 'Sam Roberts',
        cust_email = '[email protected]'
    WHERE cust_id = '1000000006';

DELETE

    DELETE FROM Customers 
    WHERE cust_id = '1000000006';

If UPDATEand DELETEwithout WHEREwords is to change / delete each row

Create and manipulate tables

CREATE

    CREATE TABLE Orders
    (
        order_num   INTEGER     NOT NULL,
        order_date  DATETIME    NOT NULL,
        cust_id     CHAR(10)    NOT NULL 
    );

Specify a default value

Followed by theDEFAULT

    CREATE TABLE OrderItems
    (
        order_num       INTEGER     NOT NULL,
        order_item      INTEGER     NOT NULL,
        prod_id         CHAR(10)    NOT NULL,
        quantity        INTEGER     NOT NULL    DEFAULT 1,
        item_price      DECIMAL(8, 2) NOT NULL 
    );

ALTER

Increase Column

    ALTER TABLE Vendors
    ADD vend_phone CHAR(20);

Remove Columns

    ALTER TABLE Vendors 
    DROP COLUMN vend_phone;

Delete table

    DROP TABLE CustCopy;

Using Views

VIEW

Create a view

    CREATE VIEW ProductCustomers AS
    SELECT cust_name, cust_contact, prod_id
    FROM Customers, Orders, OrderItems
    WHERE Customers.cust_id = Orders.cust_id 
    AND OrderItems.order_num = Orders.order_num;

Stored Procedures

All the encapsulation process, simplify operation

Affairs

cursor

Advanced SQL Features

constraint

Primary key

Uniquely identifies

    CREATE TABLE Orders
    (
        order_num   INTEGER     NOT NULL,    PRIMARY KEY,
        order_date  DATETIME    NOT NULL,
        cust_id     CHAR(10)    NOT NULL 
    );

Or create a table and then add

    ALTER TABLE Orders
    ADD CONSTRAINT PRIMARY KEY (order_num);

Foreign key

    CREATE TABLE Orders
    (
        order_num   INTEGER     NOT NULL,    PRIMARY KEY,
        order_date  DATETIME    NOT NULL,
        cust_id     CHAR(10)    NOT NULL ,    REFERENCES Customers(cust_id)
    );

or

    ALTER TABLE Orders
    ADD CONSTRAINT
    FOREIGN KEY (cust_id) REFERENCES Customers (cust_id);

Check constraints

    CREATE TABLE OrderItems
    (
        order_num       INTEGER     NOT NULL,
        order_item      INTEGER     NOT NULL,
        prod_id         CHAR(10)    NOT NULL,
        quantity        INTEGER     NOT NULL    CHECK (quantity > 0),
        item_price      DECIMAL(8, 2) NOT NULL 
    );

or

    ADD CONSTRAINT CHECK (gender LIKE '[MF]');

index

trigger