Linux enterprise operation and maintenance personnel the most commonly used 150 Command Summary
command |
Function Description |
Online inquiries and help command (2) |
|
man |
View command help, command the dictionary, as well as more complex info, but not commonly used. |
help |
View help Linux built-in commands, such as cd command. |
File and directory operations command (18) |
|
ls |
Spelling list, and its function is to list the contents of a directory content attribute information. |
cd |
Spelling change directory, function is to switch from the current working directory to the working directory specified. |
cp |
Spelling copy, whose function is to copy a file or directory. |
find |
Find meaning, used to find the directory and files in the directory. |
mkdir |
Spelling make directories, and its function is to create the directory. |
mv |
Spelling move, its function is to move or rename files. |
pwd |
Spelling print working directory, its function is to show the absolute path to the current working directory. |
rename |
For renaming files. |
rm |
Spelling remove, its function is to delete one or more files or directories. |
rmdir |
Spelling remove empty directories, delete function is an empty directory. |
touch |
Create a new empty file, change the time stamp of the existing file attributes. |
tree |
Function is based on a tree structure display contents of the directory. |
basename |
Display file or directory name. |
dirname |
Display file or directory path. |
chattr |
Changing the extended attributes of the file. |
lsattr |
View files with extended attributes. |
file |
Type display files. |
md5sum |
MD5 value calculation and verification document. |
View documents and content processing command (21) |
|
cat |
Spelling concatenate, for connecting a plurality of functions and the print files to a specified file or redirected to the screen output. |
tac |
tac is cat's spelled backwards, so the command is the reverse function display file contents. |
more |
Page display file contents. |
less |
Pagination contrary usage contents of the file, more commands. |
head |
Show header file contents. |
tail |
Display end of the file contents. |
cut |
Each line of the file separators and outputs the divided specified. |
split |
Split the file into different small fragments. |
paste |
Row merge file contents. |
sort |
Sort text file. |
uniq |
Removing duplicates. oldboy |
wc |
Statistics document the number of lines, words or bytes. |
iconv |
Transcoding of file formats. |
dos2unix |
Convert DOS format files to UNIX format. |
diff |
Spelling difference, the difference compare files, commonly used in text files. |
vimdiff |
Command line visual file comparison tools, commonly used in text files. |
rev |
Inverted output file contents. |
grep / egrep |
Filter string, trio third. |
join |
In the same field two papers merged. |
tr |
Replace or delete characters. |
vi / vim |
Command-line text editor. |
File compression and decompression command (4) |
|
takes |
Compression packing. oldboy |
unzip |
unzip files. |
gzip |
gzip compression tool. |
zip |
Compression tool. |
Information display command (11) |
|
uname |
Command displays information about the operating system. |
hostname |
Display or set the hostname of the current system. |
dmesg |
Display the power information used to diagnose system failures. |
uptime |
Running time and the load display system. |
stat |
Displays the status of files or file systems. |
of |
Calculate disk space usage. |
df |
Report file system disk space usage. |
top |
Real-time display system resource usage. |
free |
Check the system memory. |
date |
Display system time provided. |
cal |
View calendar time information. |
Search file commands (4) |
|
which |
Find binary commands, according to the PATH environment variable to find the path. |
find |
From the disk to find a file or directory traversal. |
whereis |
Find binary commands, according to the PATH environment variable to find the path. |
locate |
Find command from the database (/var/lib/mlocate/mlocate.db), using updatedb update the library. |
User Management Commands (10) |
|
useradd |
Add user. |
usermod |
Modify user attributes system that already exists. |
userdel |
delete users. |
groupadd |
Adding user groups. |
passwd |
Change the user password. |
chage |
Modify the user's password expiration period. |
id |
View user's uid, gid ownership and user groups. |
its |
Switching user identity. |
visudo |
Exclusive command to edit / etc / sudoers file. |
sudo |
In addition to a user identity (the default root user) to perform in advance sudoers file allows commands. |
Basic network operation command (11) |
|
telnet |
使用TELNET协议远程登录。 |
ssh |
使用SSH加密协议远程登录。 |
scp |
全拼secure copy,用于不同主机之间复制文件。 |
wget |
命令行下载文件。 |
ping |
测试主机之间网络的连通性。 |
route |
显示和设置linux系统的路由表。 |
ifconfig |
查看、配置、启用或禁用网络接口的命令。 |
ifup |
启动网卡。 |
ifdown |
关闭网卡。 |
netstat |
查看网络状态。 |
ss |
查看网络状态。 |
深入网络操作命令(9个) |
|
nmap |
网络扫描命令。 |
lsof |
全名list open files,也就是列举系统中已经被打开的文件。 |
|
发送和接收邮件。 |
mutt |
邮件管理命令。 |
nslookup |
交互式查询互联网DNS服务器的命令。 |
dig |
查找DNS解析过程。 |
host |
查询DNS的命令。 |
traceroute |
追踪数据传输路由状况。 |
tcpdump |
命令行的抓包工具。 |
有关磁盘与文件系统的命令(16个) |
|
mount |
挂载文件系统。 |
umount |
卸载文件系统。 |
fsck |
检查并修复Linux文件系统。 |
dd |
转换或复制文件。 |
dumpe2fs |
导出ext2/ext3/ext4文件系统信息。 |
dump |
ext2/3/4文件系统备份工具。 |
fdisk |
磁盘分区命令,适用于2TB以下磁盘分区。 |
parted |
磁盘分区命令,没有磁盘大小限制,常用于2TB以下磁盘分区。 |
mkfs |
格式化创建Linux文件系统。 |
partprobe |
更新内核的硬盘分区表信息。 |
e2fsck |
检查ext2/ext3/ext4类型文件系统。 |
mkswap |
创建Linux交换分区。 |
swapon |
启用交换分区。 |
swapoff |
关闭交换分区。 |
sync |
将内存缓冲区内的数据写入磁盘。 |
resize2fs |
调整ext2/ext3/ext4文件系统大小。 |
系统权限及用户授权相关命令(4个) |
|
chmod |
改变文件或目录权限。 |
chown |
改变文件或目录的属主和属组。 |
chgrp |
更改文件用户组。 |
umask |
显示或设置权限掩码。 |
查看系统用户登陆信息的命令(7个) |
|
whoami |
显示当前有效的用户名称,相当于执行id -un命令。 |
who |
显示目前登录系统的用户信息。 |
w |
显示已经登陆系统的用户列表,并显示用户正在执行的指令。 |
last |
显示登入系统的用户。 |
lastlog |
显示系统中所有用户最近一次登录信息。 |
users |
显示当前登录系统的所有用户的用户列表。 |
finger |
查找并显示用户信息。 |
内置命令及其它(19个) |
|
echo |
打印变量,或直接输出指定的字符串 |
printf |
将结果格式化输出到标准输出。 |
rpm |
管理rpm包的命令。 |
yum |
自动化简单化地管理rpm包的命令。 |
watch |
周期性的执行给定的命令,并将命令的输出以全屏方式显示。 |
alias |
设置系统别名。 |
unalias |
取消系统别名。 |
date |
查看或设置系统时间。 |
clear |
清除屏幕,简称清屏。 |
history |
查看命令执行的历史纪录。 |
eject |
弹出光驱。 |
time |
计算命令执行时间。 |
nc |
功能强大的网络工具。 |
xargs |
将标准输入转换成命令行参数。 |
exec |
调用并执行指令的命令。 |
export |
设置或者显示环境变量。 |
unset |
删除变量或函数。 |
type |
用于判断另外一个命令是否是内置命令。 |
bc |
命令行科学计算器 |
系统管理与性能监视命令(9个) |
|
chkconfig |
管理Linux系统开机启动项。 |
vmstat |
虚拟内存统计。 |
mpstat |
显示各个可用CPU的状态统计。 |
iostat |
统计系统IO。 |
sar |
全面地获取系统的CPU、运行队列、磁盘 I/O、分页(交换区)、内存、 CPU中断和网络等性能数据。 |
ipcs |
用于报告Linux中进程间通信设施的状态,显示的信息包括消息列表、共享内存和信号量的信息。 |
ipcrm |
用来删除一个或更多的消息队列、信号量集或者共享内存标识。 |
strace |
用于诊断、调试Linux用户空间跟踪器。我们用它来监控用户空间进程和内核的交互,比如系统调用、信号传递、进程状态变更等。 |
ltrace |
命令会跟踪进程的库函数调用,它会显现出哪个库函数被调用。 |
关机/重启/注销和查看系统信息的命令(6个) |
|
shutdown |
关机。 |
halt |
关机。 |
poweroff |
关闭电源。 |
logout |
退出当前登录的Shell。 |
exit |
退出当前登录的Shell。 |
Ctrl+d |
退出当前登录的Shell的快捷键。 |
进程管理相关命令(15个) |
|
bg |
将一个在后台暂停的命令,变成继续执行 (在后台执行)。 |
fg |
将后台中的命令调至前台继续运行。 |
jobs |
查看当前有多少在后台运行的命令。 |
kill |
终止进程。 |
killall |
通过进程名终止进程。 |
pkill |
通过进程名终止进程。 |
crontab |
定时任务命令。 |
ps |
显示进程的快照。 |
pstree |
树形显示进程。 |
nice/renice |
调整程序运行的优先级。 |
nohup |
忽略挂起信号运行指定的命令。 |
pgrep |
查找匹配条件的进程。 |
runlevel |
查看系统当前运行级别。 |
init |
切换运行级别。 |
service |
启动、停止、重新启动和关闭系统服务,还可以显示所有系统服务的当前状态。 |