VRRP study notes 21

VRRP
public protocol (Layer Protocol)
Reference: https://blog.csdn.net/zhongzh86/article/details/81537644
Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (virtual router redundance protocol)
router function:
to ensure that different segments communicate;
the network: different internal departments
outside the network: the corporate network boundary
fault:
a single router failure, leading to network all the disruption
Solution:
deploying multiple routers in the network;
group members:
the main router (master)
backup route (backup)
virtual routing
function:
in among a plurality of routers, or a plurality may be a virtual gateway IP address (virtual router) in order to achieve interworking between network segments nowhere

VRRP working process:

1. Between a plurality of routers running VR vrrp level by exchanging the packets, thus among a plurality of routers VR vrrp level by exchanging the packets, thereby selecting a router cattle, as the master, then went with this router to forward packets
2. Master router has only one; other routers called backup routers
3. Meanwhile, Master and the backup, will generate a virtual router, which is a virtual IP address (corresponding to a virtual mac address)
   state Vrrp the
   Initialize (initial)
   Backup (backup)
   Master (primary state)
   authentication: No authentication; simple (plaintext) authentication; MD5 (encryption) authentication
   configuration:
   the Cisco configuration commands
4. Port Address Configuration
5. Add port switch vlan
6. :( port view the same network port)
   A) 1 ip192.168.10.250 VRRP (vrrp group to create virtual gateway IP address)
   b) verify that show vrrp
   
   virtual mac addresses: 00.01 behalf vrrp; 01 represents the group number; 0000.5e are common
   
   advertisement: Announcements, interval: interval; preemption: preemption (this feature is not enabled, to modify the priority, does not change the master)
   the greater the priority number, that is, master routing
   c) adjusting the priority: vrrp 1 priority {value}
7. Debug ip icmp resolve ICMP (only in learning environments) to open;
8. Undebug all close
9. Master election: priority; IP address than the size of a large master

问题：
当内网和外网通过两台路由器连接时，当active路由器外网链路断开时，而内部网络又感知不到，造成无法正常与外网通信，为了解决这个问题，
解决：
外部链路跟踪技术（跟踪端口状态，当端口断开，降低active路由器的优先级，从而变更路由器的角色）实现数据包的正常转发。
端口模式：vrrp 1 track f0/1（接外网端口） decrement（减少）{value}

华为配置：
vrrp vrid（虚拟路由器标识符）1 virtual-ip 192.168.10.250（创建虚拟ip网关）
vrrp vrid 1 priority 150 （设置优先级）
vrrp vrid 1 track interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 reduced 100（链路跟踪）
验证：dis vrrp
开启debug命令：用户视图(真实设备不开启)
Terminal moniter
Terminal debugging（华为上面解析）
Debugging ip icmp
系统视图
Info-center console channel monitor

Tips：Cisco配置模式下default interface f0/0（思科端口初始化，命令配置全部没了）
华为交换机：clear configuration interface g0/0/1
HSRP（思科私有）:hot standby（备份） route protocol双机热备份协议
功能相同
配置命令：把vrrp全部换成standby

Hsrp：active/standby（只有两台路由器参与；preemption功能默认关闭）
Vrrp：master/backup（可多台路尤其参与）

HSRP：成员
活跃路由器（active）
备份路由器（standby）
虚拟路由（vr）

Vrrp load balancing:
Set on the gateway two three switches (provided on the two routers, no way to achieve different vlan of simultaneous communication, or waste a lot of routing port, single-arm routing ???)

operation