Linux consolidation
Introduction to Linux
Introduction to Linux
Linux is a UNIX-like computer operating system collectively
The name of the Linux operating system kernel is also "Linux"
Linux is a Finnish university student Linus Torvalds 1991 Nian written
Linux word itself, said Linux kernel, but in fact it has been used to describe the whole even with Linux Linux kernel, and operability GNUI use a variety of tools and databases
Linux distributions composition
Linux kernel
application
Some GUN libraries and tools
Emacs integrated development environment and text editors
Gcc language editor
GNOME
Command line shell
Graphical desktop environment
KDECQT (written)
GNOMECGTK (written)
Unity
Some office suite
Open office
translater
gcc
gtt
Text editor to scientific tools applications
we
gedit
Linux version
Release a commercial company to maintain Red hat series
RHELCRedhat
Enterprise Linux is the so-called red hat
A dvance server versions charges
Community clone version of Centos CRHEL
Fedora Core desktop version from the original red hat evolved, the free version
Release of Debian community organizations to maintain
Debian
Ubuntu
Linux Directory Structure
Root directory structure
dev device file directory
etc contains the information about the current operating system, all user configurations
home current operating system installed on the user's home directory
Lib library files used by the operating system and associated configuration settings are placed in this directory
mnt directory manually mount
media system to automatically mount directory
usr Unix software package resource management directory, something is stored in the user's current
Executable under bin Linux operating system-level binary commands
sbin super users need to use the directory to store some binary command
boot the system to load the boot files and configuration
File fragmentation lostt found memory system error is generated to allow users to find and restore
Why is an interface provided by prd, mainly used to store system statistics
root root user's home directory
Some files need to run storage system running
Introduction directory path
Absolute path
Path from the root directory to start from the beginning is described
relative path
Described starting from the position of the current path
It represents the current directory
It represents the parent directory of the current directory
Two parts catalog direct handover command: cd -
Robertohuang @ robertohuang: ~ $
1. The first robertohuang user currently logged on
2. @ AT in English means
3. The second robertohuang hostname
~ 4. The position of the current working directory, the home directory
The $ represents the currently logged on user is a normal user, the superuser #
Archive manager.
gz. format
Compression: gzip command
Compression process does not retain the original file
Directory can not be compressed
It can not be packaged compress multiple files
Uncompress: gunzip command
bzz format
Compression: bzip2 command
Reserved source k (keep) - parameter
Directory can not be compressed
It can not be packaged compress multiple files
Unzip: bunzip2 command
zip
Pack zip -r + file name (dir.zip) after packing + (package directory) dir
Unpack
unzip dir.zip
Parameter -d to extract the specified directory to unzip dir.zip-d / home / robertohuang / test
takes
This command can be packaged not only compression
Be done by adding the compressed file and extract the parameters
parameter
z -> with gzip to compress / decompress files
i -> with bizp2 to compress / decompress files
c -> creata create a new compressed file as the user wants to back up a file directory and use this
x -> release of documents from the compressed file
File Information> detailed report tar processing - v
f-> only the name of the file compression
compression
tar + (parameter) (zcuf) + compressed material name tar.gz +
tar + (parameter) (jcvf) + Name compressed raw material tar bzz +
unzip
the tar + parameters + existing compressed (test.tar.gz)
the tar + parameters + existing compressed (test.tar.bzz)
Extract the directory specified parameters added -C (uppercase) · tar zxvf test tar gz-C + extract directory (home / robertohuang)
Process Management
who
Check the current online users
Login Username
Terminal equipment (PTS) using
Log on to the system time
tty devices
tyyl -tyy6 means that text interface ctrl + alt + [F1-F6]
tyy7 graphical interface sub-theme 1 ctrl + alt + F7
Files and Directories
tree
Displays the current command in a tree form
You need to install the software: sudo yum-yinstall tree (centos under)
ls view all files and directories in the specified directory
- a (all) when all the contents of the documents listed in the current directory
-r (recarsive) also lists all subdirectories layer
- l In addition to file detailed information rights will also file, the owner and other listed
cd into the specified directory (cd + path)
Relative path -> cd./robertohuang/tomacat
Absolute path -> cd / home / robertohuang / tomacat
..-> on a current directory
-> the current directory
Into the home directory (home / robertohuang) in three ways
cd
cd～
cd/home/robertohuang
pwd View current directory (prinf working directory) Abbreviation
Create / delete directories
Created: mkdir + directory name
mkdir word-> word created directory
Delete: rmdir + directory name
You can only delete empty directories, high frequency of use
Delete: rm
Create / delete files
Created: touch + filename
cp
Copy files cp file1.txt file2.txt-> the contents of file / txt copied to file2.txt
ps
View the entire process within the system is running like
Parameters involved
All users of a (all) current system processes
u: view the process owner and other information
x: the display without the controlling terminal - can not interact process [Input, Output] user
-e: significant
-f: display UID, PPIP, C and STIME field
Displays the current user all processes p
Filtration of process ps aux display | grep xx
grep query is a need to take up the process, all results> 2 in order to explain the presence of query results
If there is a result, not the process represents a query
Query results indicate the process ID PID
Kill
To terminate the specified process (terminate a process) running
Check signal number __Kill-l
Kill the process __kill -9 89899 [PID process identification number] __ send a signal to the current process No. 9 (SIGKILL)
env
View the current production process environment
Environment Variables
User system configuration information of the current path
Key-value pair format: key-value: value
top
Text equivalent windows system
You can not flip
Network management
ifconfig
Acquire network interface configuration information, you can also modify these configurations
Acquire network interface information
ping
Test target host connectivity Format __ping [parameters] (host name or IP address)
parameter
-c number of stops after the specified number of packets transmitted