（1）Reset.css
Summary: There are HTML tags in the browser's default style, such as p tag has top and bottom margins, strong labels bold font style, em labels italic styles. There will be between different browser default style differences, such as the default style with ul indented in IE, it is indented by margin achieved and the next Firefox, it is implemented by padding the indentation . When switching pages, the browser's default style tend to give us trouble, affecting the development efficiency. So the solution is to start the browser will default style all removed, it is more accurate to say that by redefining the label style. "Covering" the browser's default CSS properties. The most simplest way is to default style provided by the browser overwritten! This is the CSS reset.
/ * Remove the inner and outer margins * / body, h1 of, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, HR, P, blockquote, / * Structural Elements structural elements * / DL, dt, dd, UL, OL, Li, / * list elements list element * / pre, / * text formatting elements text element * / the fieldset, Lengend, Button, INPUT, TextArea, / * form elements form element * / TH, TD { / * table elements table element * / margin: 0 ; padding: 0 ; } / * set the default font * / body, Button, INPUT, SELECT , TextArea {/ * For IE * / / * font: 12px / 1 Tahoma, Helvetica, Arial, "Arial", Sans-serif; * / font: 12px / 1 Tahoma, Helvetica, Arial, " \ 5b8b \ 4f53 " , Sans-serif ; / * expressed ascii characters, so that no problem will encode any * / } h1 of {font -size: 18px; / * 18px / 12px for 1.5 = * / } H2 {font - size: 16px;} H3 {font - size: 14px;} H4, H5, H6 {font -size: 100 % ;} address, auf cite, DFN, EM, var {font-style: Normal;}/ * Italics righting * / code, kbd, pre, SAMP, TT {font -family: " Courier New " , Courier, monospace;} / * uniform width font * / Small {font -size: 12px;} / * Chinese less than 12px difficult to read, so that the normalization of Small * / / * reset a list element * / ul, OL {list - style: none;} / * reset the text element * / a {text - Decoration: none; } a: hover {text - Decoration: underline;} abbr [title], acronym [title] { / * NOTE: 1.ie6 not supported abbr; 2. here the attribute selector with no effect at IE6 * / border- bottom: 1px dotted; Cursor: Help; } Q: before, Q: After {Content: '' ;} / * reset form elements * / Legend {Color: # 000 ;} / * for IE6 * / the fieldset, IMG border {: none;} / * img ride: let img link in the borderless * / / * Note: optgroup not righting * / the Button, the INPUT, the SELECT , the TextArea { font -size: 100 %; / * make the form elements ie inherit the font size * / } / * reset table element * / table { border -Collapse: Collapse; border -spacing: 0 ; } / * Reset HR * / HR { border: none; height: 1px; } / * for non-default browser ie also the vertical scroll bar, scroll bar preventing flicker caused by * / HTML {overflow -Y: Scroll;}
（2）Normalize.css
Description: Normalize.css is an alternative scheme of CSS reset. Normalize.css only a small CSS file, but it provides a cross-browser HTML elements on the default style of the high degree of consistency. Compared to traditional CSS reset, Normalize.css is a modern, HTML5 ready for the high-quality alternative. Normalize.css now been used Twitter Bootstrap, HTML5 Boilerplate, GOV.UK, Rdio, Tricks, and on many other frameworks, tools and websites CSS.
/*! normalize.css v8.0.1 | MIT License | github.com/necolas/normalize.css */ /* Document ========================================================================== */ /** * 1. Correct the line height in all browsers. * 2. Prevent adjustments of font size after orientation changes in iOS. */ html { line-height: 1.15; /* 1 */ -webkit-text-size-adjust: 100%; /* 2 */ } /* Sections ========================================================================== */ /** * Remove the margin in all browsers. */ body { margin: 0; } /** * Render the `main` element consistently in IE. */ main { display: block; } /** * Correct the font size and margin on `h1` elements within `section` and * `article` contexts in Chrome, Firefox, and Safari. */ h1 { font-size: 2em; margin: 0.67em 0; } /* Grouping content ========================================================================== */ /** * 1. Add the correct box sizing in Firefox. * 2. Show the overflow in Edge and IE. */ hr { box-sizing: content-box; /* 1 */ height: 0; /* 1 */ overflow: visible; /* 2 */ } /** * 1. Correct the inheritance and scaling of font size in all browsers. * 2. Correct the odd `em` font sizing in all browsers. */ pre { font-family: monospace, monospace; /* 1 */ font-size: 1em; /* 2 */ } /* Text-level semantics ========================================================================== */ /** * Remove the gray background on active links in IE 10. */ a { background-color: transparent; } /** * 1. Remove the bottom border in Chrome 57- * 2. Add the correct text decoration in Chrome, Edge, IE, Opera, and Safari. */ abbr[title] { border-bottom: none; /* 1 */ text-decoration: underline; /* 2 */ text-decoration: underline dotted; /* 2 */ } /** * Add the correct font weight in Chrome, Edge, and Safari. */ b, strong { font-weight: bolder; } /** * 1. Correct the inheritance and scaling of font size in all browsers. * 2. Correct the odd `em` font sizing in all browsers. */ code, kbd, samp { font-family: monospace, monospace; /* 1 */ font-size: 1em; /* 2 */ } /** * Add the correct font size in all browsers. */ small { font-size: 80%; } /** * Prevent `sub` and `sup` elements from affecting the line height in * all browsers. */ sub, sup { font-size: 75%; line-height: 0; position: relative; vertical-align: baseline; } sub { bottom: -0.25em; } sup { top: -0.5em; } /* Embedded content ========================================================================== */ /** * Remove the border on images inside links in IE 10. */ img { border-style: none; } /* Forms ========================================================================== */ /** * 1. Change the font styles in all browsers. * 2. Remove the margin in Firefox and Safari. */ button, input, optgroup, select, textarea { font-family: inherit; /* 1 */ font-size: 100%; /* 1 */ line-height: 1.15; /* 1 */ margin: 0; /* 2 */ } /** * Show the overflow in IE. * 1. Show the overflow in Edge. */ button, input { /* 1 */ overflow: visible; } /** * Remove the inheritance of text transform in Edge, Firefox, and IE. * 1. Remove the inheritance of text transform in Firefox. */ button, select { /* 1 */ text-transform: none; } /** * Correct the inability to style clickable types in iOS and Safari. */ button, [type="button"], [type="reset"], [type="submit"] { -webkit-appearance: button; } /** * Remove the inner border and padding in Firefox. */ button::-moz-focus-inner, [type="button"]::-moz-focus-inner, [type="reset"]::-moz-focus-inner, [type="submit"]::-moz-focus-inner { border-style: none; padding: 0; } /** * Restore the focus styles unset by the previous rule. */ button:-moz-focusring, [type="button"]:-moz-focusring, [type="reset"]:-moz-focusring, [type="submit"]:-moz-focusring { outline: 1px dotted ButtonText; } /** * Correct the padding in Firefox. */ fieldset { padding: 0.35em 0.75em 0.625em; } /** * 1. Correct the text wrapping in Edge and IE. * 2. Correct the color inheritance from `fieldset` elements in IE. * 3. Remove the padding so developers are not caught out when they zero out * `fieldset` elements in all browsers. */ legend { box-sizing: border-box; /* 1 */ color: inherit; /* 2 */ display: table; /* 1 */ max-width: 100%; /* 1 */ padding: 0; /* 3 */ white-space: normal; /* 1 */ } /** * Add the correct vertical alignment in Chrome, Firefox, and Opera. */ progress { vertical-align: baseline; } /** * Remove the default vertical scrollbar in IE 10+. */ textarea { overflow: auto; } /** * 1. Add the correct box sizing in IE 10. * 2. Remove the padding in IE 10. */ [type="checkbox"], [type="radio"] { box-sizing: border-box; /* 1 */ padding: 0; /* 2 */ } /** * Correct the cursor style of increment and decrement buttons in Chrome. */ [type="number"]::-webkit-inner-spin-button, [type="number"]::-webkit-outer-spin-button { height: auto; } /** * 1. Correct the odd appearance in Chrome and Safari. * 2. Correct the outline style in Safari. */ [type="search"] { -webkit-appearance: textfield; /* 1 */ outline-offset: -2px; /* 2 */ } /** * Remove the inner padding in Chrome and Safari on macOS. */ [type="search"]::-webkit-search-decoration { -webkit-appearance: none; } /** * 1. Correct the inability to style clickable types in iOS and Safari. * 2. Change font properties to `inherit` in Safari. */ ::-webkit-file-upload-button { -webkit-appearance: button; /* 1 */ font: inherit; /* 2 */ } /* Interactive ========================================================================== */ /* * Add the correct display in Edge, IE 10+, and Firefox. */ details { display: block; } /* * Add the correct display in all browsers. */ summary { display: list-item; } /* Misc ========================================================================== */ /** * Add the correct display in IE 10+. */ template { display: none; } /** * Add the correct display in IE 10. */ [hidden] { display: none; }
Official website: official website: http://nicolasgallagher.com/about-normalize-css/
(3) Comparative
①Normalize.Css protecting valuable defaults
Reset by default style applied to almost all the elements, so that the force element has the same visual effect.
In contrast, Normalize.css maintained a number of default browser styles. This means that you do not have to re-set the style for all common typographic elements
. When an element have different defaults in different browsers, Normalize.css will strive to make these styles and consistent as possible consistent with modern standards.
②Normalize.Css Bug fixes browser
It fixes a common end desktop and mobile browser bug. This is often beyond the scope of the Reset can do. In this regard, Normalize.css fix problems include display settings HTML5 elements, preformatted text font -size problems in IE9 overflow in SVG,
many related to the emergence of a form in the browser and operating system of bug.
③Normalize.Css will not let you debug tools become messy
Use Reset the most annoying place than the inheritance chain large segment of the large segment of the browser debugging tool. There would be no such problems in Normalize.css in.
④Normalize.Css is modular
The project has been split into multiple related but independent parts, which makes it very easy and you can clearly know which elements are a specific set of values.
So this allows you to selectively remove portions out some never use (such as a form of generalization).
⑤Normalize.Css have detailed documentation
Normalize.css code based on detailed and comprehensive cross-browser research and testing. This document has a detailed explanation of the code and is described further in Github Wiki.
This means you can find every line of code to complete what specific work, why write the phrase difference between code, browser, and you can more easily conduct their own tests.
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