Today, manufacturers of varying definitions of cloud computing, cloud computing is standard prevails. In the melee this era of cloud computing, the term related to cloud computing to generate even more dizzying, the whole IT industry seems to usher in an era of cloud computing terminology explosion, including cloud computing concept itself, but also about the vendor cloud strategy and cloud products. By small series of conventional carding cloud data, a list of more than 60 cloud related terms and their interpretation, for reference.
1. Cloud
Definition of cloud computing, there are no fewer than 20 kinds least so far, there have chosen a more common definition:
Cloud computing is a distributed computing technology, its basic concept, is through a huge network computing processing program automatically split into numerous smaller subroutines, and then handed over multiple servers consisting of a large Search through the system, after the calculation analysis process result back to the user. Through this technology, the network service provider may be in a matter of seconds, reaching tens of millions of processing information even billions of dollars, the same powerful performance and achieve "supercomputer" network services.
Cloud computing is a resource delivery and usage patterns, refers to resources (hardware, platform, software) to obtain the desired applications over the network. The network provides resources is called "cloud." "Cloud" of resources in the user appears to be infinitely scalable and can be obtained at any time. This feature is often likened to use the same hardware resources like water and electricity, on-demand purchase and use.
2. Software as a Service (SaaS)
This type of cloud computing through the browser program passed thousands of users. In the eyes of the user, it will save expenses on servers and software licenses; from the supplier point of view, it is not only the need to maintain a program enough, this can reduce costs.
3. Platform as a Service (PaaS)
Platform as a service (Platform as a Service, PaaS) is a no download or installation, you can send mode operating system and related services over the Internet. Since the platform as a service can be personal computers in the transfer of resources to the network cloud, so sometimes it is also called "cloud pieces" (cloudware). Platform as a Service Software as extension services (Software as a Service) is. SaaS is software deployed as a hosted service and provided to customers via the Internet.
4. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
Cloud computing infrastructure as a service provided to customers is rent processing power, storage, networks and other fundamental computing resources, users can deploy and run arbitrary software, including operating systems and applications. The customer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure, but it can control the operating system, storage, deployed applications, it is also possible to select networking components (eg, firewalls, load balancers). Amazon was first opened up this market, laid the AWS leading position in this market. And Rackspace, Gogrid, Flexiscale, Gridlayer and other newcomers also good momentum of development.
The cloud storage (Cloud Storage)
Cloud storage is a network computer data storage model, data is stored on multiple virtual hosts, usually held by a third party, instead of saving it on a dedicated server. Maintain data company operation and maintenance of this huge data center; and there is a need for users to purchase or lease storage capacity as needed. Data center operation and maintenance personnel behind the virtualized resources based on customer needs, and presented to the user as a virtual server, users can manage their own virtual server. And physically, these resources may span multiple servers.
6. Private Cloud (Private cloud)
A private cloud is a client used alone constructed, thus providing the most effective control over data, security and quality of service. The company has the infrastructure, and can control the deployment of applications on this infrastructure. Private cloud inside the firewall can be deployed in enterprise data centers, they can also be deployed in a secure colocation facility.
Private clouds by the company's own IT organization, but also by cloud providers to build. In "hosted private" mode, like Sun, IBM cloud computing providers such as installation, configuration and operation of infrastructure to support private cloud within a corporate data center. This mode gives the company the ability to control a very high level for cloud resource usage, and bring the expertise needed to build and operate the environment.
7. Public cloud (Public cloud)
Public clouds, also known as external cloud refers, flexible access to resources self-service via the Internet dynamically.
The hybrid Cloud (Hybrid cloud)
Hybrid cloud environment includes a variety of internal cloud and / or external cloud, "will apply to most businesses," because, by integrating multiple cloud services can reduce user problems when migrating to a public cloud face, such as PCI compliance, etc. .
9. Community Cloud (Community cloud)
Some community cloud refers to the purpose of the plan to share with similar needs and infrastructure of the organization co-founded the cloud, community cloud is to achieve some of the benefits of cloud computing. As the number of users of common costs less than the public cloud, this choice more often than public Yunnan-Guizhou, but the privacy of security, policy compliance than full and public high clouds.
10. The Intercloud (the clouds cloud)
The concept of cloud cloud the occasion was first proposed in 2007 by Kevin Kelly, he believes eventually there will be a cloud of clouds, cloud is the cloud the occasion. The concept of cloud cloud the occasion of the "Internet of the Internet" extension of this concept, in 2009, the clouds cloud concept became popular, also used to describe the future of the data center.
Inter-cloud cloud concept is built on a single cloud can not be included on the ideas of radio resources, imagine if a cloud includes all the virtual infrastructure resources, including computing and storage resources, it will not meet the customer service will send further conduct needs allocation. The clouds cloud is used to solve such problems, in fact, each virtual cloud can be used on other cloud infrastructure, including computing and storage resources. This "pay-to" form has brought new business opportunities for cloud providers. Of course, the clouds cloud there are many challenges, joint clouds, security, interoperability, QoS, monitoring and billing.
11. Privacy (Privacy)
Cloud model was criticized by privacy advocates because the cloud computing model, the company has control over cloud service, so you can legally or illegally and arbitrarily for data communication between the user and the host to be monitored.
12. Compliance (Compliance)
In order to meet regulatory requirements, including the United States, FISMA, HIPAA and SOX and the European Union Data Protection Directive (Data Protection Directive), as well as line card industry's PCI DSS, users have to adopt community or hybrid mode to deploy cloud computing, and these modes generally more expensive and offer limited benefits.
13. Legal (legality)
In March 2007, Dell "cloud computing" (US Trademark 77,139,082) in the United States registration of trademarks. It benefits the company in July 2008 grants received in August was canceled, and within a week received a formal refusal of trademark applications. Since 2007, it includes cloud computing brands, products and services drive growth in the number of trademark exponentially. The company in order to better show their own cloud computing brand and market influence, the number of trademark cloud computing from 2008 to 2009 increased by 483%.
14. Open source (open)
Open source software provides the foundation for many cloud computing providers. In November 2007, Free Software Foundation released the Affero General Public License, a version of GPLv3 aims to make up for the loopholes in the law about free software is running on the understanding on the Internet for.
15. Open standards (open standard)
Open standards is critical to the development of cloud computing. Most cloud providers expose an API have a good description of the file, but it is unique and can not interoperate. Some vendors have adopted other API, but is now open standard is too much, including OGF Open Cloud Computing Interface (Open Cloud Computing Interface) and so on. Open Cloud Alliance (The Open Cloud Consortium, OCC) is working on the early development of cloud computing standards and uniform standards of practice.
16. Security (security)
Cloud computing relative safety of services is likely to cause a contentious issue, it may also hinder the use of cloud computing. Some argue that, more secure user data in the internal management of the time, however, reason to believe that some people think that cloud providers can offer greater security. Cloud Security Alliance (CSA) is a non-profit organization, which is to improve the security of cloud computing, cloud computing to promote the practice set up.
17. Availability and Performance (accessibility and performance)
In addition to considerations regarding security, enterprises are also worried about the performance of cloud applications are also levels of availability and hosted in the cloud.
18. Sustainability (Sustainability)
While cloud computing is generally considered "green computing" a form of published studies did not support this view.
19. VLSI
"Cloud" has considerable scale, Google cloud computing already has more than 1 million servers, Amazon, IBM, Microsoft, Yahoo and other "cloud" all have hundreds of thousands of servers. Enterprise private cloud typically have hundreds of thousands of servers. "Cloud" can give users an unprecedented computing power.
20. on-demand (demand-demand)
Demand demand enterprise is predetermined (on-premise) a relative concept. It means that users can select services and applications as needed, without requiring advance customize their own service, and then again the supplier to implement custom applications based on business needs.
21. Broad network access (Broad Network Access)
may be transmitted across multiple platforms, including mobile internet.
22. Resource pooling (resource pool)
Like storage, processing, memory, network bandwidth, and virtual machines and other resources, the use of multi-mode rent a wide variety of consumer services.
23. Rapid Elasticity (Rapid elasticity)
Can be quickly provided resiliently various functions, automatically, rapidly expand in some cases, and then quickly released, and then quickly reduced.
24. Measured Service (customization)
Determination of resources and services, that is, storage, processing, bandwidth, and active user accounts. Determination can also monitor, control and report on the user's situation, provide transparency for the use of service providers and consumers.
25. Automation and computing (Autonomic computing)
Refers to a computing system can manage themselves
26. The client / server model (Client-server model)
Client / server model means that all service providers (servers) and service consumer (client) separately distributed applications.
27. Grid computing
Grid computing is a form of distributed computing and parallel computing, computer clusters on it a loosely coupled network of a virtual super computer to complete major tasks.
28. Mainframe
Powerful computers are used to perform large organizations for critical applications, typically including batch data processing, such as census, industry and consumer data, enterprise resource planning and transaction processing financial transactions.
29. Utility computing
Utility computing refers to the computing resources, computing and storage packaged into a measurement instrument with a service similar to traditional public utilities like electricity.
30. Peer-to-peer
Point is in the middle of a coordinated distributed architecture, the participants, including resource providers and consumers, must be present at the same time (as opposed to the traditional client-server model).
31. Cloud OS
Cloud operating system is a new software category, aimed at the large-scale collection infrastructure (CPU, memory, network) as a seamless, flexible and dynamic operating environment for the overall management. Common operating systems and management complexity is similar to a separate computer, the operating system manages complex cloud data center.
32. Cloud Computing Center
Cloud computing refers to the central agency or unit of computing resources, storage resources and other services based supercomputer systems provide external, high-performance computing services to provide high-performance computer-based oriented community. Currently, cloud computing centers mainly for large-scale scientific computing and engineering computing applications, and has great development potential in business computing, the Internet, e-government, e-commerce and other fields.
33. Cloud Security Alliance (Cloud Security Alliance)
CSA Cloud Security Alliance in 2009, announced the establishment of the RSA Conference. Since its establishment, CSA quickly gained widespread industry recognition. Now, CSA and ISACA, OWASP and other industry organizations to establish a cooperative relationship, many international companies to become leaders in their business members.
Since its inception, the Cloud Security Alliance Cloud Security Guide released and developed into a cloud computing security activities in the field remarkable. December 17, 2009, the Cloud Security Alliance released a new version of "Cloud Security Guide" v2.1, it represents a major upgrade of cloud computing and cloud computing for the security industry and its understanding of security.
34. Amazon Web Services (Amazon Web Service, AWS)
Amazon's AWS is a typical IaaS service, he provides a set of services, comprising storing (S3), computing (EC2), messaging (SQS), data set (SDB) and the like. With Amazon's AWS, business users can quickly get within a few minutes a virtual infrastructure based on Amazon infrastructure, and the infrastructure is elastic, can expand and contract according to demand. Companies around the world can use this flexible computing infrastructure.
35. Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud, EC2)
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) capable of computing resources need to expand or contract, is conveniently provided in accordance with the new server instance.
36. Amazon Simple Storage Service (Amazon Simple Storage Service, S3)
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) capable of computing resources need to expand or contract, is conveniently provided in accordance with the new server instance.
37. Google App Engine Google App Engine (GAE)
Google App Engine, which is a typical representative of PaaS applications, but also for developers. It allows developers to write applications, then the application is built on Google's infrastructure. App Engine development of new user-friendly service logic, and run these new services on a cloud computing platform.
38. IBM "Blue Cloud" computing platform
Simply put, IBM "Blue Cloud" solution is an advanced infrastructure management platform, the program can integrate a company's existing infrastructure through virtualization technology and automation technology, build a cloud computing center business you own, enterprise hardware resources and software resources, unified management, unified distribution, unified deployment and unified backup, broke the exclusive use of resources.
39. Microsoft's Windows Azure operating system
Windows Azure operating system. It provides Compute (computing), Storage (storage), and Manage (management) of the three main functions. In addition, there are transparent to the user's Fabric. Fabric includes load balancing, hardware abstraction, and many other features. In general, however, users do not need to know Fabric inside is how it works, you can take advantage of the various features of Windows Azure.
40. Century Internet cloud hosting
CloudEx cloud host is a member of Century Internet Group Cloud Express launched the computing, storage and network resources to integrate one of the Internet server rental service, to solve the problems of traditional physical hire and VPS management is difficult, business expansion weak defects, It reduces the cost of traditional physical hosting, and without paying a deposit. CloudEX cloud host has a customer self-service management tools, can achieve self-management and maintenance of the remote host, reducing the cost of computing power to get customers to simplify the server management process, also based on customer needs change and configuration flexibility to expand, enabling Host Configuration the rapid expansion.
41. Music Cloud
The so-called "cloud music", simply say that users can store music performed by software in the cloud music content on mobile phones, PC and television and other devices to play, share, without requiring the user to copy from another time-consuming computer memory to other terminal devices.
42. Unicom cloud with cloud
Fundamentally, the Internet as separate from the physical and virtual infrastructure can be achieved, has been called the giant cloud, but cloud computing is a virtual distribution network on the Internet (or cloud) computing. But not including the islands of cloud computing cloud (IDC single cloud is not connected to other IDC's), and the cloud must be achieved between the same nodes (the cloud, the cloud) and isomers of formula node (network cloud) interconnected via a single node (local cloud). Moreover, it is not dependent on the primary hardware implementation, therefore, cloud computing can achieve commercial sex depends crucially on whether the virtual machine cloud, the cloud, the cloud, the ability to interconnect cloud computing.
43. China Mobile large "cloud" (Big Cloud)
China Mobile Research Institute to conduct research and development of cloud computing since 2007, involved in cloud computing is one of the earliest research and practice of business. China Mobile in early 2007 utilizing idle 15 PC servers, built a massive data processing test platform based on open source software, and successfully run the search engine software. The end of 2008, China Mobile to further build a 256 PC, server 1000 CPU Core, 256TB storage composition of the "big cloud" test platform, combined with the existing network of data mining, user behavior analysis needs a pilot application, to improve efficiency and reduce cost, energy-saving and emission reduction achieved remarkable results.
After more than three years of efforts, in 2009, China Mobile Research Institute officially announced is developing and testing platform "BigCloud-- big cloud" platform for further expansion of the scale, reach 1,000 servers, 5,000 CPU Core, 3000TB of storage scale, and in order to enhance China mobile information services capabilities in future mobile Internet, and in September 2009, in the interior of China mobile Research Institute released a large cloud (big cloud 0.5) version for internal trial.
The latest 1.0 version of the plan in May 21, 2010 release, enabling a distributed file system, distributed key functions massive data warehouse, distributed computing framework, cluster management, cloud storage systems, flexible computing systems, parallel data mining tools
44. China Telecom E cloud
China Telecom launched file storage service, users can have 2G free space. By e cloud online backup, you can protect your chats and transaction records, family photos and videos, music files and other important computer documents. You can get 2GB of free space, or to pay for more storage space ......
45. Cloud Antivirus
Cloud Antivirus or signature-based antivirus in fact, just the soft kill all the virus is no longer local, but rather in a lot of servers, the scanning time and server interaction, so to judge whether there is a virus. Cloud Antivirus update frequency can be reduced, reducing the occupation of killing, reducing the capacity of the local library.
46. Cloud Backup
As a new Internet-based broadband, high-capacity storage backup services, cloud backup cocoon born, in short, it is through clustering applications, grid technology and distributed file systems and other functions, a large number of network a variety of different types of storage devices through a set of software applications to work together, common external data storage backup service provides functionality and business access.
The cost of building a cloud backup infrastructure will be tens of millions, and requires a lot of technical support, therefore, the threshold of cloud backup services have been higher in foreign countries, since the Internet started earlier, the rapid development of broadband networks, cloud backup times have entered a mature stage, even so, be able to provide this service only a small number of IT giants, Amazon, EMC, Carbonite, such as Symantec, which has made Amazon a proven market success in this area.
Looking at the domestic market, the popularity of the rapid development of broadband networks and Internet applications, such as data backup needs of disaster-like blowout outbreak in promoting minority business and technology innovation, the domestic market began to cloud backup has shown signs of scale, but because of the field than the threshold high, currently occupying the first camp industry, energy and foreign industry comparable only communication leading enterprises China Telecom, the famous Internet infrastructure service provider Internet century, well-known computer maker Lenovo.
47. cloud migration
Cloud migration refers to the migration from traditional enterprise cloud platform to platform, as compared to traditional application platform, the advantages of cloud computing platform is that computing power, storage capacity, diversification of services and cost-effective.
48. cloud input method
Traditional input method is limited by the memory and CPU capacity, the use of smaller lexicon and language model, limited input accuracy;
Cloud input method using an unlimited number of server storage and computing power, greatly enhance the accuracy of input cloud input method, cross-platform, free installation, the operating system's user Linux, Mac OS, etc., or in Internet cafes and other temporary use of the environment, can in enjoy input method when typing experience smooth Internet surfing cloud input method is relying on cloud computing technology input method, the general input method is the most obvious difference is that there is no local input file, fully supported by the server. In addition, the cloud input method is a master of search engines and natural language processing, has characteristics of cloud computing, it represents the future direction of technology development. Cloud input method to achieve unprecedented Chinese input fields big, full, accurate. Compared with the traditional input method, cloud input method is more accurate, will improve the accuracy of Chinese semantic input to 90%, but will increase the coverage and user phrase preferred rate to more than 96%. It has been officially launched cloud input method Sogou cloud input method, QQ cloud input method, Baidu online input method.
49. SOA
Service-Oriented Architecture (Service-Oriented Architecture, SOA) is a component model, the application of different functional units (called services) are related by well-defined interfaces between services and contracts. UI is defined in a neutral manner, it should be independent of implementation services of hardware platforms, operating systems and programming languages. This makes building systems in a variety of such services can be a uniform and common way to interact.
50. Load Balancing
Load balancing (Outbound Load Balancing) load balancing based on the existing network architecture, it provides a cheap and effective way to extend the bandwidth of transparent network devices and servers increase throughput, enhance network data processing capability, and improve the flexibility of the network and availability. Due to the current core of the various existing networks with the increase in business volume, the rapid growth of traffic and data traffic, its processing capacity and computational intensity increases accordingly, so that a single server device simply can not afford. In this case, if the existing equipment to do throw a lot of hardware upgrades, which would result in a waste of the resources available, and if again facing the next traffic increase, which in turn leads to high hardware upgrade again the cost of inputs, and even then outstanding equipment performance can not meet the growing demand of the current volume of business.
51. Virtualization
Virtualization involves running computer components in the virtual rather than real based on the foundation. Hardware virtualization technology can expand the capacity, simplifying software re-configuration process. CPU virtualization technology can simulate multi-CPU parallel single CPU, allows a platform to run multiple Caozuoxitong, and applications can be run independently of each other and independent of each other in a space, thereby significantly improving the working efficiency of a computer.
52. The storage virtualization
As storage as a pool, a water flow as the storage pond like can be arbitrarily allocated as needed. By one (or more) targets (Target) services or functions with other additional features integrated, unified comprehensive features to provide useful service. Typical virtualization includes some cases: shielding system complexity, increase or integrate new functionality, simulation, integration or break down existing service functions.
53. Application Virtualization
Application virtualization to decouple applications and operating systems, provides a virtual operating environment for the application. In this environment, including not only the application's executable file, and also includes a runtime environment it needs. In essence, application virtualization is to rely on low-level application systems and hardware abstracted, can solve the problem of incompatible versions.
54. Desktop Virtualization
Desktop Virtualization refers to the computer's desktop virtualization, in order to achieve security and flexibility for desktop use. Through any device, at any place, any time access to part of our personal desktop systems on the network.
55. The server virtualization
The abstract physical resources into logical server resources to a server in several virtual servers become even hundreds of isolated from each other, or have several servers into a single server to use, we are no longer limited by physical boundaries but let the CPU, memory, disk, I / O and other hardware can become dynamic management "resource pool" to improve resource utilization, simplify systems management, server consolidation, allowing IT to adapt to changes in the business more -------- this is the power of virtualized servers.
56. Service level agreements (Service-Level Agreement, SLA)
Service level agreement is a contract on inter-network service providers and customers, which defines the type of service, service quality and customer payment terms and so on. Typical SLA includes the following items: minimum bandwidth allocated to clients; client bandwidth limit; the number of customers can be served simultaneously; arrangements for notification before network changes that may affect the behavior of the user; dial-in access availability; using statistics; service providers supported network using minimum properties, such as 99.9% or up to the effective working time of 1 minute downtime per day; all types of customer traffic priority; and customer support services.
57. Things
Things (The Internet of things) is defined as: radio frequency identification (RFID), infrared sensors, global positioning systems, laser scanners and other information sensing device, according to the agreement, to any article connected with the Internet, for information exchange and communication, in order to achieve intelligent identification, location, tracking a network monitoring and management. Internet of Things concept was proposed in 1999. Things is "material objects connected to the Internet." This has two meanings: First, things are still based on the core and the Internet, the Internet is based on the extension and expansion of the network; a second, expanded and its user end extending between any article to the article, the information exchange and communication.
58. triple play
It refers to triple play telecommunication networks, computer networks and three cable television networks through technological innovation, it is possible to provide an integrated multimedia communication services including voice, data, images and the like.
59. Smarter Planet
Smarter Planet Earth, also known as intelligence, is to embed sensors and equipment to the various objects grid, railways, bridges, tunnels, highways, buildings, water systems, dams, pipelines and other oil and gas, and is generally connected to form the so-called " Internet of things ", then" Internet of things "and the existing Internet integrate and realize the integration of social and physical systems. This concept was first proposed by IBM CEO Samuel Palmisano. At the same time the wisdom of the Earth is a book, an electronic magazine.
60. Mobile Internet
The mobile Internet is the Internet and mobile communications both combined into one. In recent years, mobile communications and the Internet become the world's fastest growing and largest market potential, the most attractive prospects of the two businesses, their growth rate is any forecasters unexpected, the mobile Internet can be expected to how will create the economic miracle.