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system message
date Display System Date
cal + year display the calendar year
date 041217002007.00 set date and time - in seconds, month, day, hour
clock -w will save time to modify the BIOS
Files and Directories
cd back to the root directory
cd .. back to the parent directory
cd ../ .. back to the two directories
The current working directory pwd
ls view files in the directory
ls -l show details of files and directories
ls -a show hidden files
ls * [0-9] * Displays the file and directory names that contain numbers
displaying a tree structure of files and directories tree starting from the root directory
lstree displays a tree structure of files and directories starting from the root of
mkdir dir1 create one called 'dir1' directory '
mkdir dir1 dir2 create two directories simultaneously
mkdir -p / tmp / dir1 / dir2 create a directory tree
rm -f file1 delete called 'file1' file '
dir1' directory 'rmdir dir1 delete called'
RM -rf dir1 delete a 'dir1' directory is called and delete its contents
rm -rf dir1 dir2 remove two simultaneously directories and their contents
Music Videos dir1 new_dir rename / move a directory does not exist if new_dir rename dir1 if present, will be placed under the directory dir1 new_dir
cp file1 file2 copying a file
cp dir / *. Copy all files in a directory to the current working directory
cp -a / tmp / dir1. copy a directory within the current work directory
cp -a dir1 dir2 copy a directory
ln -s file1 lnk1 create a link to the file or directory soft link
ln file1 lnk1 create a physical link to the file or directory
touch -t 0712250000 file1 modify timestamp of a file or directory - (YYMMDDhhmm)
iconv -l lists known encoding
File search
find / -name file1 from '/' began to enter the root file system search for files and directories
find / -user user1 search belongs to the user 'user1' files and directories
find / home / user1 -name \ * . Bin in the directory '/ file home / user1 'searches with' .bin 'end of the
find / usr / bin -type f -atime +100 searched in the past 100 days has not been used to perform a file
find / usr / bin -type f -mtime - 10 searches created or modified file in 10 days
. find / -name \ * rpm -exec chmod 755 '{}' \; search files ending in '.rpm' and define permissions
find / -xdev -name \ * .rpm search files ending in '.rpm', ignoring the CDROM, pen-drive and other removable devices
locate \ * ps find files with '.ps' ending - first run 'updatedb' command
whereis halt show a binary file, location of the source or man
which halt show full path to a binary file or executable file
Disk Space
df -h display has been mounted partition list
ls -lSr | more aligned to the size of the files and directories
du -sh dir1 estimate disk space directory 'dir1' has been used
File permissions - using the "+" to set permissions, use the "-" is used to cancel
ls -lh permission to display the
ls / tmp | pr -T5 -W $ COLUMNS divide terminal into 5 columns will show
chmod ugo + rwx directory1 set all directory people (u), group (g) and others (o) to read (r), write (w) and execute permissions (x),
chmod go-rwx directory1 delete a group (g) and others (o) perform read and write access to a directory
chown user1 file1 change owner of a file's properties
chown -R user1 directory1 change all of the properties of a directory and also change the attributes of all files in the directory to change
the group chgrp group1 file1 change file
chown user1: group1 file1 change a file and group ownership of the
find / -perm -u + s list of all uses a file system control SUID
chmod u + s / bin / file1 set SUID bit on a binary file - run the file the user is also given the same permissions and owner
chmod us / bin / file1 disable SUID bit on a binary file
chmod g + s / home / public set SGID bit on a directory - similar to SUID, but this is for directory
chmod gs / home / public disable SGID bit on a directory
chmod o + t / home / public set a STIKY bit files - delete files allow only legitimate owners
chmod ot / home / public disable a catalog of STIKY bit
Special attributes files - using the "+" to set permissions, "-" is used to cancel
chattr + a file1 append mode allows only read or write files
chattr + c file1 allows that a file is automatically compressed kernel / decompression
chattr + d file1 in when a file system backup, the dump program ignores file
chattr + i file1 an immutable file can not be deleted, modify, rename, or linked
chattr + s file1 allows a file to be safely deleted
chattr + S file1 upon application programs have been written on this file, the system immediately modify the results written to disk
chattr + u file1 If the file is deleted, the system will allow you to recover the contents of a file is deleted
lsattr show special properties
Packaged and compressed files
file1.bz2 decompression called bunzip2 'file1.bz2' file
compression called bzip2 file1 'file1' files
gunzip file1.gz decompression called 'file1.gz' file
gzip file1 compress called 'file1' file
gzip -9 file1 maximize compression
rar a file1.rar test_file created called 'file1.rar' package
rar a file1.rar file1 file2 dir1 while compressing 'file1', 'file2' and the directory 'dir1'
RAR the X-file1 packet decompression .rar rar
unrar x file1.rar packet extracting rar
tar -cvf archive.tar file1 create a non-compressed the tarball
tar -cvf archive.tar file1 file2 dir1 created containing a 'file1', 'file2' and 'dir1' archive
tar -tf archive.tar display the contents of a package
tar -xvf archive.tar release a package
tar -xvf archive.tar -C / tmp to release the compressed packet / tmp catalog
tar -cvfj archive.tar. bz2 dir1 create a bzip2 compressed format
tar -jxvf archive.tar.bz2 extracting archive a bzip2 format of
tar -cvfz archive.tar.gz dir1 create a compressed gzip format of
tar -zxvf archive.tar.gz decompress a gzip format compressed
zip file1.zip file1 create a zip format compressed
zip -r file1.zip file1 file2 dir1 several files and directories simultaneously compressed into a zip archive format
unzip file1.zip extracting a zip format archive
Look at the file
cat file1 view the contents of the file forward from the first byte
tac file1 in reverse, starting from the last row view the contents of a file of
more file1 view the contents of a long file of
less file1 similar to 'more' command, but it file and allow the same operation as the forward reverse operation of
the first two rows of the head to view a file file1 -2
tail -2 file1 view last two lines of a file
tail -f / var / log / messages in real time a file is added to the view contents
Text Processing
CAT file1 file2 ... | the Command <> file1_in.txt_or_file1_out.txt General Manipulation text syntax for a using PIPE, STDIN and STDOUT
CAT file1 | the Command (sed, grep, awk, grep, etc ...)> result.txt a detailed description of the combined text file and write a new introduction file
cat file1 | command (sed, grep , awk, grep, etc ...) >> result.txt merger described in detail a text file, and About write an existing file
grep Aug / var / log / messages in the file '/ var / log / messages' in the keyword to find "Aug"
grep ^ Aug / var / log / messages in the file' / var / log / messages' to find "Aug" words beginning
grep [0-9] / var / log / messages select '/ var / log / messages' file numbers of all lines contained
grep Aug -R / var / log / * in the directory '/ var / log' and subsequent directory search string "-Aug"
Sed 'S / stringa1 / stringa2 / G' example.txt in example.txt the "string1" replace "string2"
sed '/ ^ $ / d' example.txt remove all blank lines from a file example.txt
sed '/ * # / d; / ^ $ / d' example.txt example.txt deleted from the document, all comments and blank lines
echo 'esempio' | tr '[ : lower:]' '[: upper:]' merger vertical cell contents
sed -e '1d' result.txt excluded from the first line of the file example.txt
sed -n '/ stringa1 / p' contains only See Glossary "string1" row
sed -e 's / * $ / / 'example.txt delete each line of the last blank character
sed -e' s / stringa1 // g 'example.txt only delete words "string1" from the document and retain all remaining
sed -n' 1,5p; 5q 'example See .txt from the first row to the fifth row of content
'5p; 5q' sed -n example.txt view line 5
Sed -e 'S / 00 * / 0 / G' by replacing a plurality of individual zero zero example.txt
cat -n file1 number of lines marked files
cat example.txt | all even rows awk 'NR% 2 == 1' delete example.txt file
echo abc | awk '{print $ 1}' view the first column of a line
echo abc | awk '{print $ 1, $ 3}'See the third row and the first column
paste file1 file2 merging two files or the contents of two columns
paste -d '+' file1 file2 merging contents of two files or two columns, with the intermediate "+" to distinguish
sort file1 file2 sort contents of two files
sort file1 file2 | uniq of two files and set (only one copy of duplicate rows)
sort file1 file2 | uniq -u files by viewing only unique line
sort file1 file2 | uniq -d taken intersection of the two documents (leaving only two files exist in the file)
content comm -1 file1 file2 compare two files to delete only content 'file1' contained
comm -2 file1 file2 compare two the contents of a file only removes what 'file2' contained
comm -3 file1 file2 compare contents of two files by deleting only partially common to both files
ifconfig to view ip address