| capitalize() | The first character of the string to uppercase |
| casefold() | All the characters in the entire string to lowercase |
| center(width) | String center, and padded with spaces to the width of the new string length |
| count(sub[,start[,end]]) | Returns the number of sub occurring inside the string, start and end parameters indicates a range, optional. |
| encode(encoding='utf-8', errors='strict') | To encoding specified encoding format for encoding strings. |
| endswith(sub[,start[,end]]) | Check whether the string sub substring end, a return True, otherwise False. parameter indicates the start and end range, optional. |
| expandtabs([tabsize=8]) | The tab character string (\ t) are converted to spaces, if not specified, the default is the number of spaces tabsize = 8. |
| find(sub[,start[,end]]) | Detecting whether the sub contained in the string, if the index value is returned, otherwise -1, start and end parameters indicates a range, optional. |
| index(sub[,start[,end]]) | Like find methods, but not if the sub string will produce an exception. |
| isalnum () | If there is at least one character string and all the characters are letters or numbers it returns True, otherwise False. |
| Islf () | If there is at least one character string and all the characters are the letters return True, otherwise False. |
| isdecimal() | If the string contains only decimal digits returns True, otherwise False. |
| isdigit () | If the string contains only digit returns True, otherwise False. |
| islower() | These characters If the string contains at least one of alphanumeric characters, and all lowercase, True is returned, otherwise it returns False. |
| isnumeric() | If the string contains only numeric characters, it returns True, otherwise False. |
| isspace() | If the string contains only spaces, returns True, otherwise False. |
| istitl A () | If the string is the title (all the words are in uppercase began rest of the letters are in lower case), then returns True, otherwise False. |
| isupper() | If the string contains at least one case sensitive characters, and these characters are uppercase, True is returned, otherwise it returns False. |
| join(sub) | String as a separator interposed between all of the characters in the sub. |
| light (width) | Returns a string left-aligned and padded with spaces to the width of the length of the new string. |
| lower() | Convert a string to all uppercase characters to lowercase. |
| lstrip() | Remove all of the strings of spaces left |
| partition(sub) | Found sub substring, the string into a 3-tuple (pre_sub, sub, fol_sub), if the string is not included in the sub returns ( 'original string', '', '') |
| replace(old,new[,count]) | Replace the old sub-string to string new substring, if the count is specified, alternatively no more than count times. |
| rfind(sub[,start[,end]]) | Similar to the find () method, but is beginning to find the right. |
| rindex(sub[,start[,end]]) | Similar to the index () method, but starting from the right. |
| rjust(width) | Returns a string right justified and padded with spaces to the width of the length of the new string. |
| rpartition(sub) | Similar to the partition () method, but is beginning to find the right. |
| rstrip() | Remove spaces at the end of the string. |
| split(sep=None, maxsplit=-1) | The list is not the default parameters spliced substring after the separator to space string sections, if maxsplit parameters set, only the partition maxsplit substrings, returns slice. |
| split lines (([notch ends])) | 按照‘\n’分隔，返回一个包含各行作为元素的列表，如果keepends参数指定，则返回前keepends行。 |
| startswith(prefix[,start[,end]]) | 检查字符串是否以prefix开头，是则返回True，否则返回False。start和end参数可以指定范围检查，可选。 |
| strip([chars]) | 删除字符串前边和后边所有的空格，chars参数可以定制删除的字符，可选。 |
| swapcase() | 翻转字符串中的大小写。 |
| title() | 返回标题化（所有的单词都是以大写开始，其余字母均小写）的字符串。 |
| translate(table) | 根据table的规则（可以由str.maketrans(‘a’,‘b’)定制）转换字符串中的字符。 |
| upper() | 转换字符串中的所有小写字符为大写。 |
| zfill(width) | 返回长度为width的字符串，原字符串右对齐，前边用0填充。 |
字符串格式化符号含义及转义字符含义:
字符串格式化符号含义
| 符 号 | 说 明 |
| %c | 格式化字符及其ASCII码 |
| %s | 格式化字符串 |
| %d | 格式化整数 |
| %o | 格式化无符号八进制数 |
| %x | 格式化无符号十六进制数 |
| %X | 格式化无符号十六进制数（大写） |
| %f | 格式化定点数，可指定小数点后的精度 |
| %e | 用科学计数法格式化定点数 |
| %E | 作用同%e，用科学计数法格式化定点数 |
| %g | 根据值的大小决定使用%f活%e |
| %G | 作用同%g，根据值的大小决定使用%f或者%E |
格式化操作符辅助指令
| 符 号 | 说 明 |
| m.n | m是显示的最小总宽度，n是小数点后的位数 |
| - | 用于左对齐 |
| + | 在正数前面显示加号（+） |
| # | 在八进制数前面显示 '0o'，在十六进制数前面显示 '0x' 或 '0X' |
| 0 | 显示的数字前面填充 '0' 取代空格 |
字符串转义字符含义
| 符 号 | 说 明 |
| \' | 单引号 |
| \" | 双引号 |
| \a | 发出系统响铃声 |
| \b | 退格符 |
| \n | 换行符 |
| \t | 横向制表符（TAB） |
| \v | 纵向制表符 |
| \r | 回车符 |
| \f | 换页符 |
| \o | 八进制数代表的字符 |
| \x | 十六进制数代表的字符 |
| \0 | 表示一个空字符 |
| \\ | 反斜杠 |