Table query (at)

Table query (at)

A joint grouping

Grouped by the combined result of multiple fields

#数据来源：在单表student下
#按 area与port组合后的结果进行分组，只有组合后的结果还一致，才认为是一组
eg：
select group_concat(name),area,port from emp group by area,port;
--------------------+--------+-----------+
| group_concat(name) | area   | port      |
+--------------------+--------+-----------+
| yangsir,san1,san   | 上海   | 浦东      |
| san2               | 上海   | 浦西      |
| ruakei             | 上海   | 陆家嘴    |
| zero               | 中国   | 黄浦      |
| owen               | 安徽   | 宣城      |
| jason              | 安徽   | 巢湖      |
| ying               | 安徽   | 芜湖      |
| kevin,engo         | 山东   | 济南      |
| monkey             | 山东   | 青岛      |
| tank               | 广州   | 广东      |
| jerry              | 江苏   | 张家港    |
| jiboy              | 江苏   | 苏州      |
+--------------------+--------+-----------+

Second, sub-queries

Subquery : The sql query results as a condition of the other sql query

increase

#insert into 表 select 子查询

check

# select fron 表 where() in (select 子查询)[表不能与delete表相同]
'''查每个学校身高最高的那个人的全部信息'''

1）#子查询的sql
select school,max(height) from student group by school;
#先查询出每个学校的最大身高
+--------+-------------+
| school | max(height) |
+--------+-------------+
| 北大   | 183.1       |
| 复旦   | 183.3       |
| 清华   | 185.9       |
+--------+-------------+

2）#查
select * from student where (school,height) in (select school,max(height) from student group by school);
+----+------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
| id | name | gender | height | area   | port   | school |
+----+------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+
|  2 | bbb  | 男     | 183.1  | 上海   | 青浦   | 北大   |
|  3 | ccc  | 男     | 183.3  | 北京   | 朝阳   | 复旦   |
|  4 | ddd  | 男     | 185.9  | 广东   | 广州   | 清华   |
+----+------+--------+--------+--------+--------+--------+

# 将子查询转换为一张表

1)# 创建一个存子查询数据的一张表
create table school_height(
school_name varchar(64),
max_height varchar(64));

2)#将子查询的数据增加到school_height表中
insert into school_height select school,max(height) from student group by school;
+-------------+------------+
| school_name | max_height |
+-------------+------------+
| 北大        | 183.1      |
| 复旦        | 183.3      |
| 清华        | 185.9      |
+-------------+------------+

3）#需求(同样也会实现上面的需求)
select name,school_name,height
from student join school_height
on student.school = school_height.school_name
and student.height = school_height.max_height;
+------+-------------+--------+
| name | school_name | height |
+------+-------------+--------+
| bbb  | 北大        | 183.1  |
| ccc  | 复旦        | 183.3  |
| ddd  | 清华        | 185.9  |
+------+-------------+--------+

change

# update 表 set 字段=值 where 字段 in (select 子查询)[表不能与delete表相同]

'''每个部门最大身高加一'''
update school_height set max_height=max_height+1;
+-------------+------------+
| school_name | max_height |
+-------------+------------+
| 北大        | 184.1      |
| 复旦        | 184.3      |
| 清华        | 186.9      |
+-------------+------------+

'''给school_height表额外增加一个新学校'''
insert into school_height values ('南开', 188);
+-------------+------------+
| school_name | max_height |
+-------------+------------+
| 北大        | 184.1      |
| 复旦        | 184.3      |
| 清华        | 186.9      |
| 南开        | 188        |
+-------------+------------+

'''更改'''
update school_height set max_height=max_height+1 where school_name in (select distinct school from student);
+-------------+------------+
| school_name | max_height |
+-------------+------------+
| 北大        | 185.1      |
| 复旦        | 185.3      |
| 清华        | 187.9      |
| 南开        | 188        |
+-------------+------------+

#You can't specify target table 'school_height' for update in FROM clause
#报错，update更新的表 与 子查询select的表 相同
update school_height set max_height=max_height+1 
where school_name in 
(select distinct school_name from school_height);

delete

#delete from 表 where() in (select 子查询)[表不能与delete表相同]

delete from school_height where school_name in (select distinct school from student);
+-------------+------------+
| school_name | max_height |
+-------------+------------+
| 南开        | 188        |
+-------------+------------+


#错误: delete删除的表 与 子查询select的表 相同
delete from school_height where school_name in (select distinct school_name from school_height);

Third, the interval modification conditions: all and any

all: to meet all of the conditions

where salary <all (3, 6, 9) => salary all cases must be less than

any: meet one of the conditions on the line

where salary <any (3, 6, 9) => salary as long as the case is less than

eg：
select * from student where height < all(select height from student where id<4);
#先找到id<4的学生的身高，分别为 173.1，183.1，183.3，之后再拿身高作为参照物，找出满足所有满足身高条件（身高小于173.1）的同学
+----+------+--------+--------+--------+--------------+--------+
| id | name | gender | height | area   | port         | school |
+----+------+--------+--------+--------+--------------+--------+
|  5 | eee  | 女     | 168    | 山东   | 烟台         | 北大   |
|  6 | fff  | 女     | 165    | 新疆   | 乌鲁木齐     | 北大   |
|  8 | hhh  | 女     | 166.1  | 广州   | 广东         | 复旦   |
| 13 | ppp  | 女     | 155    | 江苏   | 连云港       | 清华   |
+----+------+--------+--------+--------+--------------+--------+

Fourth, view: view

CRUD operations can be mapped directly to the views really table (essentially to really operating table)

• A view is stored in memory temporary table
• Create dependency view select statement
• View support data additions and deletions to change search
• View do not allow changes to the field of view of the table
• A view not only to support the creation, update and deletion is also supported

'''创建视图'''
'''create view 视图名[(别名们)] as select 语句'''

create view 视图名[(别名们)] as select 语句;
eg:
create view v1 as select 
school,max(height) 
from student group by school;
+--------+-------------+
| school | max(height) |
+--------+-------------+
| 北大   | 183.1       |
| 复旦   | 183.3       |
| 清华   | 185.9       |
+--------+-------------+

'''创建或替换视图'''
''' create or replace 视图名[(别名们)] as select 语句;'''
create or replace view v1(school_name, max_height) as select school, max(height) from student group by school;
+-------------+------------+
| school_name | max_height |
+-------------+------------+
| 北大        | 183.1      |
| 复旦        | 183.3      |
| 清华        | 185.9      |
+-------------+------------+

''' alter 视图名[(别名们)] as select 语句;'''
alter view v1(name, height) as select school, max(height) from student group by school;
+--------+--------+
| name   | height |
+--------+--------+
| 北大   | 183.1  |
| 复旦   | 183.3  |
| 清华   | 185.9  |
+--------+--------+

'''删除视图'''
drop view 视图名
eg：drop view v1;

'''视图可以作为正常表完成连表查询'''
eg：create or replace view v2 as select name,gender,height from student;
select * from v2;
+------+--------+--------+
| name | gender | height |
+------+--------+--------+
| aaa  | 女     | 173.1  |
| bbb  | 男     | 183.1  |
| ccc  | 男     | 183.3  |
| ddd  | 男     | 185.9  |
| eee  | 女     | 168    |
| fff  | 女     | 165    |
.........

CRUD views

CRUD complete view, essentially deletions change is real operating table

#先创建一个视图
create or replace view v2 as select id,name,gender,height from student;

#改
update v2 set height=height+1 where id=1; #两个表都改变了
select * from v2;
+----+------+--------+--------+
| id | name | gender | height |
+----+------+--------+--------+
|  1 | aaa  | 女     | 174.1  |

select * from student;
+----+------+--------+--------+-----------+--------------+--------+
| id | name | gender | height | area      | port         | school |
+----+------+--------+--------+-----------+--------------+--------+
|  1 | aaa  | 女     | 174.1  | 甘肃      | 张掖         | 清华   |


#删
deleate from v2 where id = 1;

#增
create or replace view v3 as select * from student;
insert into v2 values(18,'wwb','男','183','上海','青浦','北大');

#操作视图会影响真实表，反之也会影响
update sutdent set height = height+1  whereid= 1；

Fifth, the transaction

Usually some businesses require multiple sql participation, involvement sql execution will form a whole, which we call the whole transaction (a transaction is executed sql statement contains multiple)

5.1 four characteristics Affairs

• Atomicity: all must perform a one-time success, you can not have any failed or successful while, at the same time either fail
• Consistency: Data integrity before and after the transaction should be consistent
• Isolation: support concurrent execution can be carried out at the same time, the data is not chaos
• Durability: Once a transaction is committed, he changed data to the data is permanent, then the database if there is a fault, it would not submit an impact

create table bank(
id int primary key auto_increment,
name varchar(16),
money decimal(65,2));

insert into bank(name,money) values('yjy',10),('wwb',20);

#假设出现以下执行情况
update bank set money = money-1 where name = 'yjy';
update bank set money = money+1 where name = 'wwb';

'''没有事务支持下，yjy的钱就丢了'''
#这种执行是错误的，因为ypp不存在，yjy的银行账户钱转丢了
update bank set money = money-1 where name = 'yjy';
update bank set money = money+1 where name = 'ypp'; 

'''将2条sql看做事务处理'''
#开启事务
begin;
update bank set money = money-1 where name = 'yjy';
update bank set money = money+1 where name = 'ypp'; 
#确认无误，提交事务
commit;
#确认有误，回滚事务
rollback;