I wrote essays are generally biased nature of the study notes, or a personal understanding, for newcomers, Daniel can ignore this. . . . . .
Reference books - "graphic http"
When we enter the URL address bar of your browser, then click Enter, then, the browser will be showing a web interface we need, then, is how this interface is generated?
The web interface is based on the URL (web address) we entered, browser access to information resources, the corresponding file from the server, and then displayed in the browser above.
Like this by sending a request to obtain web browser server resources and the like, can be called a client (client)
web using http (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) protocol specification as to complete the series of operations from the client to the server process, etc., but the agreement refers to the rules of the agreement, it can be said, it is to build web to communicate on the http protocol
On the emergence and development of http, not go into here, are interested in children's shoes Baidu. . . . . .
To understand http, it is necessary to introduce a simple tcp / ip protocol suite.
Communicate with each other between the computer and network equipment, the two sides must be based on the same method. For example: how to find the target communication, who initiates communication, what language communication, how to end the communication needs to be determined in advance, all of which require a regular,
This is the agreement. There are various protocols content; method selected from the cable to the ip address specifications, the remote user to find a method of establishing a communication order, and a step of displaying a web page to be processed and the like
Like the set of Internet protocols associated with them referred to as tcp / ip .
Stratified tcp / ip of
very important tcp / ip is a feature of stratification. Hierarchically divided into the following four layers: the application layer, transport layer, network layer and the data link layer
Benefits hierarchical: If the Internet overall by only one agreement, then a local problem, the overall problems will arise can not be used; after stratification, just replace a problem or need to be modified, and after stratification for specific design is much simpler
Application Layer : the highest level of the system, the process of inter-application communication interaction rules
tcp / ip protocol family stored a variety of common application services, such as:
ftp: File Transfer Protocol
dns: Domain Name System protocol
http: Web application protocol
smtp: e-mail protocol
Several more are several commonly used, there are many other protocols, interested can look for other books look professional
Transport Layer : providing a data transmission in a network connection between the two computers, which include different protocols tcp and udp two properties
tcp: transmission control protocol, the transmission units of segments, provide reliable data transmission connection-oriented services
udp: user datagram transmission unit, which is its best efforts to provide data transmission services, does not guarantee reliability
Network layer : also known as network connectivity layer
For processing data packets flowing on the network (the package). Packet is a minimum data unit transmission network. This layer defines how to reach the other side of the path by the computer and the data packets to each other
Link layer : also known as the data link layer, network interface layer
Processing hardware connected to the network portion. Such control operating system, hardware drivers, network adapters, fiber-optic, etc.
Data packaging :
The client sends a request, from the application layer, has been to link layer, each layer will be marked with the header information belongs to the layer; the other hand, between the transmission terminal receiving layers, each layer will be removed after the header information layer, such an approach is called encapsulation
Closely related to the http protocol
IP protocol: at the network layer, the role is to transmit a variety of data packets to each other, and to accurately transfer data to each other, we need to meet all kinds of conditions, which has two very important condition: ip address and mac address
ip address I believe people know a little foundation, that node is assigned to address, mac address refers to the fixed address of the network card belongs, and mac ip address can be paired
Communication between ip dependent on mac address, information transmission, and sometimes too much since the relay, thus using the ARP protocol, which is a protocol used to resolve the address, the ip address can be isolated anti-mac address corresponding
tcp Protocol: transport layer is located, to ensure the reliability of transmission
In order to facilitate the transmission data transmission, data is divided into chunks will segments, and tcp protocol can confirm whether the final data is transmitted to the other party
For accurate transmission, transmission using a three-way handshake strategy (this approach can be understood as repeatedly confirmed, to ensure the reliability of data transmission)
dns protocol: responsible for domain name resolution, the application layer, provides domain name to resolve inter-ip address
Find ip address through the domain name, or reverse reverse lookup domain name from ip address
URL sum URI
URL: Uniform Resource Locator: Location represent resources, specifically point to (house number)
URI: Uniform Resource Identifier: The string that identifies certain Internet resources (the house number where what specific resources)
URL is a subset of URI
I wrote essays are generally biased nature of the study notes, or a personal understanding, for newcomers, Daniel can ignore this. . . . . .
Reference books - "graphic http"
When we enter the URL address bar of your browser, then click Enter, then, the browser will be showing a web interface we need, then, is how this interface is generated?
The web interface is based on the URL (web address) we entered, browser access to information resources, the corresponding file from the server, and then displayed in the browser above.
Like this by sending a request to obtain web browser server resources and the like, can be called a client (client)
web using http (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) protocol specification as to complete the series of operations from the client to the server process, etc., but the agreement refers to the rules of the agreement, it can be said, it is to build web to communicate on the http protocol
On the emergence and development of http, not go into here, are interested in children's shoes Baidu. . . . . .
To understand http, it is necessary to introduce a simple tcp / ip protocol suite.
Communicate with each other between the computer and network equipment, the two sides must be based on the same method. For example: how to find the target communication, who initiates communication, what language communication, how to end the communication needs to be determined in advance, all of which require a regular,
This is the agreement. There are various protocols content; method selected from the cable to the ip address specifications, the remote user to find a method of establishing a communication order, and a step of displaying a web page to be processed and the like
Like the set of Internet protocols associated with them referred to as tcp / ip .
Stratified tcp / ip of
very important tcp / ip is a feature of stratification. Hierarchically divided into the following four layers: the application layer, transport layer, network layer and the data link layer
Benefits hierarchical: If the Internet overall by only one agreement, then a local problem, the overall problems will arise can not be used; after stratification, just replace a problem or need to be modified, and after stratification for specific design is much simpler
Application Layer : the highest level of the system, the process of inter-application communication interaction rules
tcp / ip protocol family stored a variety of common application services, such as:
ftp: File Transfer Protocol
dns: Domain Name System protocol
http: Web application protocol
smtp: e-mail protocol
Several more are several commonly used, there are many other protocols, interested can look for other books look professional
Transport Layer : providing a data transmission in a network connection between the two computers, which include different protocols tcp and udp two properties
tcp: transmission control protocol, the transmission units of segments, provide reliable data transmission connection-oriented services
udp: user datagram transmission unit, which is its best efforts to provide data transmission services, does not guarantee reliability
Network layer : also known as network connectivity layer
For processing data packets flowing on the network (the package). Packet is a minimum data unit transmission network. This layer defines how to reach the other side of the path by the computer and the data packets to each other
Link layer : also known as the data link layer, network interface layer
Processing hardware connected to the network portion. Such control operating system, hardware drivers, network adapters, fiber-optic, etc.
Data packaging :
The client sends a request, from the application layer, has been to link layer, each layer will be marked with the header information belongs to the layer; the other hand, between the transmission terminal receiving layers, each layer will be removed after the header information layer, such an approach is called encapsulation
Closely related to the http protocol
IP protocol: at the network layer, the role is to transmit a variety of data packets to each other, and to accurately transfer data to each other, we need to meet all kinds of conditions, which has two very important condition: ip address and mac address
ip address I believe people know a little foundation, that node is assigned to address, mac address refers to the fixed address of the network card belongs, and mac ip address can be paired
Communication between ip dependent on mac address, information transmission, and sometimes too much since the relay, thus using the ARP protocol, which is a protocol used to resolve the address, the ip address can be isolated anti-mac address corresponding
tcp Protocol: transport layer is located, to ensure the reliability of transmission
In order to facilitate the transmission data transmission, data is divided into chunks will segments, and tcp protocol can confirm whether the final data is transmitted to the other party
For accurate transmission, transmission using a three-way handshake strategy (this approach can be understood as repeatedly confirmed, to ensure the reliability of data transmission)
dns protocol: responsible for domain name resolution, the application layer, provides domain name to resolve inter-ip address
Find ip address through the domain name, or reverse reverse lookup domain name from ip address
URL sum URI
URL: Uniform Resource Locator: Location represent resources, specifically point to (house number)
URI: Uniform Resource Identifier: The string that identifies certain Internet resources (the house number where what specific resources)
URL is a subset of URI