YUM Overview
YUM
Based RPMSoftware Update mechanism built package
It can automatically resolve dependencies
All packages by a centralized YUMprovide depot
Provide a way depots
FTPservice:ftp：//...
HTTPservice:http：//...
Local directory:file：//...
Source RPM package
CentOSRelease RPMpackage collection
Third-party organization released RPMpackage collection
User-defined RPMset of packages
Construction of CentOS 7 Depot
RPMPackage from CentOS 7CD-ROM
By FTP、HTTPproviding the client or to a local directory
FTPservice name:vsftpd
FTPSite:/var/ftp/centos7
Join unofficial RPM package set in the software repository
It includes all of the RPM packages dependencies
Use createrepotools to create warehouse data file
View YUM package
yum info [软件名]View Information Servicesyum list [软件名]View yum warehouseyum search <关键词>Finding the existence of software
YUM update package
yum updateUpdate packages, update software and system kernelyun upgradeUpdate packages, only updating the software
Demo
YUM set up a remote repository
1, in VMware 15the open two CentOS 7virtual machines, one as a server, setting up a local YUMwarehouse and FTPservice, a remote service using the server as a client, the server was renamed demo01, changed its name to the client demo02.
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname demo01
[root@localhost ~]# su
[root@demo01 ~]# [root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname demo02
[root@localhost ~]# su
[root@demo02 ~]# 2, demo01in the CentOS 7image file to the mounted mntdirectory
[root@demo01 ~]# df -hT //查看磁盘信息，看镜像文件是否添加至光驱
文件系统 类型 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sda2 xfs 20G 3.3G 17G 17% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 898M 0 898M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 912M 0 912M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 912M 9.0M 903M 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 912M 0 912M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda5 xfs 10G 37M 10G 1% /home
/dev/sda1 xfs 6.0G 174M 5.9G 3% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 183M 12K 183M 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs tmpfs 183M 24K 183M 1% /run/user/0
/dev/sr0 iso9660 4.3G 4.3G 0 100% /run/media/root/CentOS 7 x86_64 //读取镜像文件
[root@demo01 ~]# mount /dev/sr0 /mnt //将镜像文件挂载至mnt目录
mount: /dev/sr0 写保护，将以只读方式挂载
[root@demo01 ~]# ls /mnt //成功挂载
CentOS_BuildTag EULA images LiveOS repodata RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7
EFI GPL isolinux Packages RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 TRANS.TBL3, in demo01the installation FTPservice, and often to see FTPif the site is created successfully
[root@demo01 ~]# yum install vsftpd -y
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.zju.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.zju.edu.cn
* updates: mirrors.zju.edu.cn
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 vsftpd.x86_64.0.3.0.2-25.el7 将被 安装
...//省略部分内容...
正在安装 : vsftpd-3.0.2-25.el7.x86_64 1/1
验证中 : vsftpd-3.0.2-25.el7.x86_64 1/1
已安装:
vsftpd.x86_64 0:3.0.2-25.el7
完毕！
[root@demo01 ~]# ls /var //查看目录信息
account cache db ftp gopher lib lock mail opt run target yp
adm crash empty games kerberos local log nis preserve spool tmp //成功创建FTP站点4, first in FTPcreating a site in the directory as YUMthe source repository, and copy the image file to mount YUMa warehouse source directory, and then create a directory, use the createrepotool to create extensions directory.
[root@demo01 ~]# cd /var/ftp //进入FTP站点目录中
[root@demo01 ftp]# ls //查看目录信息
pub
[root@demo01 ftp]# mkdir centos7 //创建目录，作为YUM仓库源点
[root@demo01 ftp]# ls //查看是否创建成功
centos7 pub
[root@demo01 ftp]# cp -rf /mnt/* centos7/& //将挂载的镜像文件全部复制入YUM仓库源点目录，并在后台执行
[1] 2997
[root@demo01 ftp]# mkdir other //创建目录，作为扩展目录
[root@demo01 ftp]# ls //查看是否创建成功
centos7 other pub
[root@demo01 ftp]# createrepo -g /mnt/repodata/repomd.xml other/ //使用createrepo创建扩展数据文件
Saving Primary metadata
Saving file lists metadata
Saving other metadata
Generating sqlite DBs
Sqlite DBs complete
[1]+ 完成 cp -i -rf /mnt/* centos7/ //复制镜像文件任务完成
[root@demo01 ftp]# ls centos7/ //查看文件是否成功复制入目录
CentOS_BuildTag EULA images LiveOS repodata RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-Testing-7
EFI GPL isolinux Packages RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 TRANS.TBL
[root@demo01 ftp]# cd other/repodata/ //进入扩展数据文件目录
[root@demo01 repodata]# ls //查看数据文件是否成功创建
01a3b489a465bcac22a43492163df43451dc6ce47d27f66de289756b91635523-filelists.sqlite.bz2
401dc19bda88c82c403423fb835844d64345f7e95f5b9835888189c03834cc93-filelists.xml.gz
5dc1e6e73c84803f059bb3065e684e56adfc289a7e398946574d79dac6643945-primary.sqlite.bz2
5f62201963ee83e178738d9f88078560377cc06f972a4c0094ab3be00cae515f-repomd.xml
6bf9672d0862e8ef8b8ff05a2fd0208a922b1f5978e6589d87944c88259cb670-other.xml.gz
7c36572015e075add2b38b900837bcdbb8a504130ddff49b2351a7fc0affa3d4-other.sqlite.bz2
c48538ac0f65ece36eb71d41b76f1eb1f98c58cc26777348490feaed8f38ab56-repomd.xml.gz
dabe2ce5481d23de1f4f52bdcfee0f9af98316c9e0de2ce8123adeefa0dd08b9-primary.xml.gz
repomd.xml5, open the FTPservice and see if the port successfully opened, then turn off the firewall and enhanced security features, convenient client access server.
[root@demo01 repodata]# cd ~ //回到家目录
[root@demo01 ~]# systemctl start vsftpd //开启FTP服务
[root@demo01 ~]# netstat -ntap | grep 21 //查看21端口是否开启
tcp 0 0 127.0.0.1:6010 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 1621/sshd: root@pts
tcp 0 0 192.168.144.133:22 192.168.144.1:49340 ESTABLISHED 1621/sshd: root@pts
tcp6 0 0 :::21 :::* LISTEN 3183/vsftpd //成功开启
tcp6 0 0 ::1:6010 :::* LISTEN 1621/sshd: root@pts
[root@demo01 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service //关闭防火墙功能
[root@demo01 ~]# setenforce 0 //关闭增强性安全功能6, the client demo02installation FTPtool and use the FTPtool to access the server FTPsite.
[root@demo02 ~]# yum install ftp -y //安装FTP工具
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
(1/4): base/7/x86_64/group_gz | 166 kB 00:00:25
...//省略部分内容...
正在安装 : ftp-0.17-67.el7.x86_64 1/1
验证中 : ftp-0.17-67.el7.x86_64 1/1
已安装:
ftp.x86_64 0:0.17-67.el7
完毕！
[root@demo02 ~]# ftp 192.168.144.133 //访问服务器FTP站点
Connected to 192.168.144.133 (192.168.144.133).
220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2)
Name (192.168.144.133:root): ftp //提示输入用户名，使用匿名用户访问
331 Please specify the password.
Password: //提示输入密码，匿名用户没有密码，直接回车即可
230 Login successful.
Remote system type is UNIX.
Using binary mode to transfer files. //成功访问
ftp> ls //查看服务器FTP站点信息
227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,144,133,94,209).
150 Here comes the directory listing.
drwxr-xr-x 8 0 0 220 Sep 17 09:00 centos7 //建立的YUM源点目录
drwxr-xr-x 3 0 0 22 Sep 17 09:00 other //扩展数据信息
drwxr-xr-x 2 0 0 6 Oct 30 2018 pub
226 Directory send OK.
ftp> bye //退出访问
221 Goodbye.7, in the client into the local YUMdirectory, and create a new directory in the directory, the source files in the directory by moving to a new directory, and then clear YUMthe cache, if this test can be used when YUMinstalling the software.
[root@demo02 ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/ //进入本地yum仓库
[root@demo02 yum.repos.d]# ls //查看
CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Sources.repo
[root@demo02 yum.repos.d]# mkdir bak //创建新目录
[root@demo02 yum.repos.d]# mv *.repo bak/ //将所有后缀为repo文件移动到bak目录中
[root@demo02 yum.repos.d]# ls //查看目录信息
bak
[root@demo02 yum.repos.d]# ls bak/ //查看bak目录信息
CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Media.repo CentOS-Vault.repo
CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Sources.repo //成功移入bak目录
[root@demo02 yum.repos.d]# yum clean all //清除yum缓存
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
There are no enabled repos.
Run "yum repolist all" to see the repos you have.
To enable Red Hat Subscription Management repositories:
subscription-manager repos --enable <repo>
To enable custom repositories:
yum-config-manager --enable <repo>
[root@demo02 yum.repos.d]# yum install httpd //使用yum安装http服务
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
There are no enabled repos.
Run "yum repolist all" to see the repos you have.
To enable Red Hat Subscription Management repositories:
subscription-manager repos --enable <repo>
To enable custom repositories:
yum-config-manager --enable <repo> //无法安装8, the client yumre-create the repository directory yumprofile
[root@demo02 yum.repos.d]# vim centos7.repo //编辑yum配置文件
[base]
name=centos7.Packages
baseurl=ftp://192.168.144.133/centos7 //编写yum仓库软件位置
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1 //开启密钥验证
gpgkey=ftp://192.168.144.133/centos7/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7 //输入密钥位置
[other]
name=other.Packages
baseurl=ftp://192.168.144.133/other //编写yum仓库扩展数据文件位置
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
~
~
~
~
:wq //完成后保存退出 9, using the yum listcommand reload yumwarehouse software information, and use the yuminstallation HTTPservice, look at yumthe warehouse if re-created
[root@demo02 yum.repos.d]# yum list //重新加载yum仓库
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
...//省略部分内容...
[root@demo02 yum.repos.d]# yum install httpd -y //使用yum安装http服务
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 httpd.x86_64.0.2.4.6-67.el7.centos 将被 安装
...//省略部分内容...
已安装:
httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-67.el7.centos
作为依赖被安装:
apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7
httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-67.el7.centos mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7
完毕！ //成功安装NFS sharing service
Network File System Network File System
Depend on the RPC (remote procedure call)
You need to install nsf-utils, rpcbind package
System Services nfs, rpcbind
Shared configuration file: / etc / exports
Using NFS shared resources released
Installation nfs-utils 、rpcbindPackage
yum install nfs-utils rpccbind
systemctl enable nfs
systemctl enable rpcbind
View Service command
showmount -e Check out whether to provide shared services
Demo
Set up NFS service
1, in VMware 15the open two CentOS 7virtual machines, one as a server, a storage space is provided as a client, the server to the client using server changed its name tast01, changed its name to the client tast02; in service to add a disk to provide storage services.
[root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname tast01
[root@localhost ~]# su
[root@tast01 ~]# [root@localhost ~]# hostnamectl set-hostname tast02
[root@localhost ~]# su
[root@tast02 ~]# 2, the server newly added disk partition processing, format the disk, then the disk is automatically set in the mount mntdirectory.
[root@tast01 ~]# ls /dev/ //查看设备目录，看是否读取新添加的硬盘
agpgart hugepages port sr0 tty23 tty42 tty61 vcs5
autofs hwrng ppp stderr tty24 tty43 tty62 vcs6
block initctl ptmx stdin tty25 tty44 tty63 vcsa
bsg input pts stdout tty26 tty45 tty7 vcsa1
btrfs-control kmsg random tty tty27 tty46 tty8 vcsa2
bus log raw tty0 tty28 tty47 tty9 vcsa3
cdrom loop-control rtc tty1 tty29 tty48 ttyS0 vcsa4
char lp0 rtc0 tty10 tty3 tty49 ttyS1 vcsa5
console lp1 sda tty11 tty30 tty5 ttyS2 vcsa6
core lp2 sda1 tty12 tty31 tty50 ttyS3 vfio
cpu lp3 sda2 tty13 tty32 tty51 uhid vga_arbiter
cpu_dma_latency mapper sda3 tty14 tty33 tty52 uinput vhci
crash mcelog sda4 tty15 tty34 tty53 urandom vhost-net
disk mem sda5 tty16 tty35 tty54 usbmon0 vmci
dri mqueue sdb tty17 tty36 tty55 usbmon1 vsock
fb0 net sg0 tty18 tty37 tty56 usbmon2 zero
fd network_latency sg1 tty19 tty38 tty57 vcs
full network_throughput sg2 tty2 tty39 tty58 vcs1
fuse null shm tty20 tty4 tty59 vcs2
hidraw0 nvram snapshot tty21 tty40 tty6 vcs3
hpet oldmem snd tty22 tty41 tty60 vcs4
[root@tast01 ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb //创建磁盘分区
欢迎使用 fdisk (util-linux 2.23.2)。
更改将停留在内存中，直到您决定将更改写入磁盘。
使用写入命令前请三思。
Device does not contain a recognized partition table
使用磁盘标识符 0xa928f95d 创建新的 DOS 磁盘标签。
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：n
Partition type:
p primary (0 primary, 0 extended, 4 free)
e extended
Select (default p):
Using default response p
分区号 (1-4，默认 1)：
起始 扇区 (2048-83886079，默认为 2048)：
将使用默认值 2048
Last 扇区, +扇区 or +size{K,M,G} (2048-83886079，默认为 83886079)：
将使用默认值 83886079
分区 1 已设置为 Linux 类型，大小设为 40 GiB
命令(输入 m 获取帮助)：w
The partition table has been altered!
Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
正在同步磁盘。
[root@tast01 ~]# mkfs.xfs /dev/sdb1 //格式化磁盘信息
meta-data=/dev/sdb1 isize=512 agcount=4, agsize=2621376 blks
= sectsz=512 attr=2, projid32bit=1
= crc=1 finobt=0, sparse=0
data = bsize=4096 blocks=10485504, imaxpct=25
= sunit=0 swidth=0 blks
naming =version 2 bsize=4096 ascii-ci=0 ftype=1
log =internal log bsize=4096 blocks=5119, version=2
= sectsz=512 sunit=0 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none extsz=4096 blocks=0, rtextents=0
[root@tast01 ~]# vim /etc/fstab //进入编辑自动挂载配置文件
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sat Aug 10 03:42:29 2019
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=729c9a26-dfdc-40f9-ae91-1ade55be51bb / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=9559d8d9-8f6a-4adb-a41f-02862b167946 /boot xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=5ed35562-b598-43e0-8f8a-db788aa06d40 /home xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=bcc2cc5c-4f4e-4e1d-b4e1-245cfed5cf9d swap swap defaults 0 0
/dev/sdb1/ /mnt xfs defaults 0 0 //设置自动挂载sdb1磁盘
~
~
~
~
:wq //保存退出
[root@tast01 ~]# mount -a //加载自动挂载文件
[root@tast01 ~]# df -h //查看磁盘信息
文件系统 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sda2 20G 3.3G 17G 17% /
devtmpfs 898M 0 898M 0% /dev
tmpfs 912M 0 912M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs 912M 9.0M 903M 1% /run
tmpfs 912M 0 912M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda5 10G 37M 10G 1% /home
/dev/sda1 6.0G 174M 5.9G 3% /boot
tmpfs 183M 12K 183M 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /run/user/0
/dev/sdb1 40G 33M 40G 1% /mnt //成功挂载3, installed in the server NFSpackage, and the service is set to boot from the start
[root@tast01 ~]# yum install nfs-utlis rpcbind -y //安装软件
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
(1/4): base/7/x86_64/group_gz | 166 kB 00:00:25
...//省略部分内容...
验证中 : rpcbind-0.2.0-47.el7.x86_64 1/2
验证中 : rpcbind-0.2.0-42.el7.x86_64 2/2
更新完毕:
rpcbind.x86_64 0:0.2.0-47.el7
完毕！
[root@tast01 ~]# systemctl enable nfs //设置开机自启动
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/nfs-server.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/nfs-server.service.
[root@tast01 ~]# systemctl enable rpcbind //设置开启自启动
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/rpcbind.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/rpcbind.service. 4, NFS service to edit the configuration file, and start the service, to see if the service is enabled; turn off the firewall and enhanced security features; then use the command to see whether the service is provided out.
[root@tast01 ~]# vim /etc/exports //编辑共享服务配置文件
/mnt 192.168.144.0/24(rw,sync,no_root_squash) //配置共享磁盘，可使用的网段信息，可读可写权限，同步信息，不用降级处理
~
~
~
:wq //保存退出
[root@tast01 ~]# systemctl start nfs //启动服务
[root@tast01 ~]# systemctl start rpcbind //启动服务
[root@tast01 ~]# netstat -ntap | grep rpc //查看服务是否启动
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:20048 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3774/rpc.mountd
tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:37286 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 3773/rpc.statd
tcp6 0 0 :::20048 :::* LISTEN 3774/rpc.mountd
tcp6 0 0 :::52041 :::* LISTEN 3773/rpc.statd //成功启动
[root@tast01 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service //关闭防火墙
[root@tast01 ~]# setenforce 0 //关闭增强性安全功功能
[root@tast01 ~]# showmount -e //查看服务是否提供
Export list for tast01:
/mnt 192.168.144.0/24 //成功提供服务5, off the firewall and enhanced security features in the client, because the client to use the website to provide services to facilitate access to our Web site, and then install the http service.
[root@tast02 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
[root@tast02 ~]# setenforce 0
[root@tast02 ~]# yum install httpd -y
已加载插件：fastestmirror, langpacks
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.163.com
* extras: mirrors.163.com
* updates: mirrors.cn99.com
正在解决依赖关系
--> 正在检查事务
---> 软件包 httpd.x86_64.0.2.4.6-89.el7.centos.1 将被 安装
...//省略部分内容...
已安装:
httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-89.el7.centos.1
作为依赖被安装:
apr.x86_64 0:1.4.8-3.el7_4.1 apr-util.x86_64 0:1.5.2-6.el7
httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-89.el7.centos.1 mailcap.noarch 0:2.1.41-2.el7
完毕！6, the client http service site to be used is the disk to store information server site added, client server will be added automatically mount disk set to http service site.
[root@tast02 ~]# vim /etc/fstab //编辑自动挂载配置文件
#
# /etc/fstab
# Created by anaconda on Sat Aug 10 03:42:29 2019
#
# Accessible filesystems, by reference, are maintained under '/dev/disk'
# See man pages fstab(5), findfs(8), mount(8) and/or blkid(8) for more info
#
UUID=729c9a26-dfdc-40f9-ae91-1ade55be51bb / xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=9559d8d9-8f6a-4adb-a41f-02862b167946 /boot xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=5ed35562-b598-43e0-8f8a-db788aa06d40 /home xfs defaults 0 0
UUID=bcc2cc5c-4f4e-4e1d-b4e1-245cfed5cf9d swap swap defaults 0 0
192.168.144.133:/mnt /var/www/html nfs defaults,_netdev 0 0 //添加自动挂载条目
~
~
~
:wq //保存退出
[root@tast02 ~]# mount -a //重新加载挂载信息
[root@tast02 ~]# df -hT
文件系统 类型 容量 已用 可用 已用% 挂载点
/dev/sda2 xfs 20G 3.4G 17G 17% /
devtmpfs devtmpfs 898M 0 898M 0% /dev
tmpfs tmpfs 912M 0 912M 0% /dev/shm
tmpfs tmpfs 912M 9.0M 903M 1% /run
tmpfs tmpfs 912M 0 912M 0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/sda5 xfs 10G 37M 10G 1% /home
/dev/sda1 xfs 6.0G 174M 5.9G 3% /boot
tmpfs tmpfs 183M 12K 183M 1% /run/user/42
tmpfs tmpfs 183M 0 183M 0% /run/user/0
192.168.144.133:/mnt nfs4 40G 33M 40G 1% /var/www/html //成功挂载7, edit index.html file at http service site, and then enable the http service.
[root@tast02 ~]# cd /var/www/html/ //进入站点
[root@tast02 html]# ls //查看是否有文件
[root@tast02 html]# vim index.html //编辑index.html文件
<h1>this is nfs web </h1> //编辑内容
~
~
~
:wq //保存退出
[root@tast02 html]# cat index.html //查看index.html内容
<h1>this is nfs web </h1> //显示内容信息
[root@tast02 html]# systemctl start httpd //启用http服务8, visit the website http client built in the host machine to see if the success of building services.
9. Is there a return to our index.html file server edit view mnt directory, and then see if the file content is our editorial content.
[root@tast01 ~]# cd /mnt //进入mnt目录
[root@tast01 mnt]# ls //查看目录内容
index.html //显示我们创建的文件
[root@tast01 mnt]# cat index.html //查看文件内容
<h1>this is nfs web </h1> //显示我们编写的内容