Article directory
21, FTP server download files from 22, continuous input five numbers less than 100, and statistics, the minimum and maximum 23, the results were assigned to the variable 24, modify the batch file name 25, the statistics of the current directory files ending with .html Grand total 26, scan the host port status 27, Expect-free implementation of the SSH command executed interactively 28, bulk editing server user password 29, print multiplication formulas 30, getopts tool perfect script command-line arguments
21, download files from FTP server
! # / bin / the bash IF [$ # -ne. 1]; the then echo "the Usage: $ 0 filename" Fi the dir = $ ($ dirname. 1) File = $ ($ the basename. 1) FTP -n -n -v << # automatically the EOF Log open 192.168.1.10 # ftp server the User ADMIN password binary # set ftp transfer mode to binary, to avoid different MD5 value or .tar.gz archive format error cd $ dir GET "$ File" EOF
22, five consecutive numbers within an input 100, and statistics, the minimum and maximum
! # / bin / the bash COUNT. 1 = the SUM = 0 MIN = 0 MAX = 100 the while [$ COUNT -le. 5]; do Read -p "Please enter an integer of 1 to 10:" the INT IF [[the INT = $ ~! ^ [0-9] + $]]; the then echo "input must be an integer!" Exit. 1 elif [[-gt the INT 100 $]]; the then echo "input must be less than 100!" Exit. 1 Fi the SUM = $ ( ($ the SUM + $ the INT)) [$ MIN -LT-$ the INT] && MIN = $ the INT [$ MAX -gt $ the INT] && MAX = $ the INT the let COUNT ++ DONE echo "the SUM: $ the SUM" echo "MIN: $ MIN" echo "MAX: $ MAX"
23, the results are assigned to the variable
应用场景：希望将执行结果或者位置参数赋值给变量，以便后续使用。
方法1：
for i in $(echo "4 5 6"); do
eval a$i=$i
done
echo $a4 $a5 $a6
方法2：将位置参数192.168.1.1{1,2}拆分为到每个变量
num=0
for i in $(eval echo $*);do #eval将{1,2}分解为1 2
let num+=1
eval node${num}="$i"
done
echo $node1 $node2 $node3
# bash a.sh 192.168.1.1{1,2}
192.168.1.11 192.168.1.12
方法3：
arr=(4 5 6)
INDEX1=$(echo ${arr[0]})
INDEX2=$(echo ${arr[1]})
INDEX3=$(echo ${arr[2]})
24、批量修改文件名
示例：
# touch article_{1..3}.html
# ls
article_1.html article_2.html article_3.html
目的：把article改为bbs
方法1：
for file in $(ls *html); do
mv $file bbs_${file#*_}
# mv $file $(echo $file |sed -r 's/.*(_.*)/bbs\1/')
# mv $file $(echo $file |echo bbs_$(cut -d_ -f2)
done
方法2：
for file in $(find . -maxdepth 1 -name "*html"); do
mv $file bbs_${file#*_}
done
方法3：
# rename article bbs *.html
25、统计当前目录中以.html结尾的文件总大
方法1：
# find . -name "*.html" -exec du -k {} \; |awk '{sum+=$1}END{print sum}'
方法2：
for size in $(ls -l *.html |awk '{print $5}'); do
sum=$(($sum+$size))
done
echo $sum
26、扫描主机端口状态
#!/bin/bash HOST=$1 PORT="22 25 80 8080" for PORT in $PORT; do if echo &>/dev/null > /dev/tcp/$HOST/$PORT; then echo "$PORT open" else echo "$PORT close" fi done
27、Expect实现SSH免交互执行命令
Expect是一个自动交互式应用程序的工具，如telnet，ftp，passwd等。
需先安装expect软件包。
方法1：EOF标准输出作为expect标准输入
#!/bin/bash
USER=root
PASS=123.com
IP=192.168.1.120
expect << EOF
set timeout 30
spawn ssh $USER@$IP
expect {
"(yes/no)" {send "yes\r"; exp_continue}
"password:" {send "$PASS\r"}
}
expect "$USER@*" {send "$1\r"}
expect "$USER@*" {send "exit\r"}
expect eof
EOF
方法2：
#!/bin/bash
USER=root
PASS=123.com
IP=192.168.1.120
expect -c "
spawn ssh $USER@$IP
expect {
\"(yes/no)\" {send \"yes\r\"; exp_continue}
\"password:\" {send \"$PASS\r\"; exp_continue}
\"$USER@*\" {send \"df -h\r exit\r\"; exp_continue}
}"
方法3：将expect脚本独立出来
登录脚本：
# cat login.exp
#!/usr/bin/expect
set ip [lindex $argv 0]
set user [lindex $argv 1]
set passwd [lindex $argv 2]
set cmd [lindex $argv 3]
if { $argc != 4 } {
puts "Usage: expect login.exp ip user passwd"
exit 1
}
set timeout 30
spawn ssh $user@$ip
expect {
"(yes/no)" {send "yes\r"; exp_continue}
"password:" {send "$passwd\r"}
}
expect "$user@*" {send "$cmd\r"}
expect "$user@*" {send "exit\r"}
expect eof
执行命令脚本：写个循环可以批量操作多台服务器
#!/bin/bash
HOST_INFO=user_info.txt
for ip in $(awk '{print $1}' $HOST_INFO)
do
user=$(awk -v I="$ip" 'I==$1{print $2}' $HOST_INFO)
pass=$(awk -v I="$ip" 'I==$1{print $3}' $HOST_INFO)
expect login.exp $ip $user $pass $1
doneLinux主机SSH连接信息：
# cat user_info.txt
192.168.1.120 root 123456
28、批量修改服务器用户密码
Linux主机SSH连接信息：旧密码
# cat old_pass.txt
192.168.18.217 root 123456 22
192.168.18.218 root 123456 22
内容格式：IP User Password Port
SSH远程修改密码脚本：新密码随机生成
#!/bin/bash
OLD_INFO=old_pass.txt
NEW_INFO=new_pass.txt
for IP in $(awk '/^[^#]/{print $1}' $OLD_INFO); do
USER=$(awk -v I=$IP 'I==$1{print $2}' $OLD_INFO)
PASS=$(awk -v I=$IP 'I==$1{print $3}' $OLD_INFO)
PORT=$(awk -v I=$IP 'I==$1{print $4}' $OLD_INFO)
NEW_PASS=$(mkpasswd -l 8) # 随机密码
echo "$IP $USER $NEW_PASS $PORT" >> $NEW_INFO
expect -c "
spawn ssh -p$PORT $USER@$IP
set timeout 2
expect {
\"(yes/no)\" {send \"yes\r\";exp_continue}
\"password:\" {send \"$PASS\r\";exp_continue}
\"$USER@*\" {send \"echo \'$NEW_PASS\' |passwd --stdin $USER\r exit\r\";exp_continue}
}"
done
生成新密码文件：
# cat new_pass.txt
192.168.18.217 root n8wX3mU% 22
192.168.18.218 root c87;ZnnL 22
29、打印乘法口诀
方法1：
# awk 'BEGIN{for(n=0;n++<9;){for(i=0;i++<n;)printf i"x"n"="i*n" ";print ""}}'
方法2：
for ((i=1;i<=9;i++)); do
for ((j=1;j<=i;j++)); do
result=$(($i*$j))
echo -n "$j*$i=$result "
done
echo
done
30、getopts工具完善脚本命令行参数
getopts是一个解析脚本选项参数的工具。
命令格式：getopts optstring name [arg]
初次使用你要注意这几点：
脚本位置参数会与optstring中的单个字母逐个匹配，如果匹配到就赋值给name，否则赋值name为问号；
optstring中单个字母是一个选项，如果字母后面加冒号，表示该选项后面带参数，参数值并会赋值给OPTARG变量；
optstring中第一个是冒号，表示屏蔽系统错误（test.sh: illegal option -- h）；
允许把选项放一起，例如-ab
下面写一个打印文件指定行的简单例子，引导你思路：
#!/bin/bash
while getopts :f:n: option; do
case $option in
f)
FILE=$OPTARG
[ ! -f $FILE ] && echo "$FILE File not exist!" && exit
;;
n)
sed -n "${OPTARG}p" $FILE
;;
?)
echo "Usage: $0 -f -n "
echo "-f, --file specified file"
echo "-n, --line-number print specified line"
exit 1
;;
esac
done
根据工作经验总结的30个Shell脚本案例至此完结，都还是比较实用的，面试笔试题也经常会出。希望朋友们多动手练一练，让你的Shell功底上升一个段位！