Go Operator NSQ

Others 2019-09-13 21:21:17 views: null

NSQ is the more popular of a distributed message queue, this paper introduces the Go language and how NSQ NSQ.

NSQ

NSQ Introduction

NSQ is written in a language Go open source distributed memory, real-time message queues, its performance is excellent. NSQ advantage has the following advantages:

  1. NSQ promote distributed and decentralized topology, there is no single point of failure, support fault tolerance and high availability, and provide reliable message delivery guarantee
  2. NSQ support for horizontal expansion, there is no centralized agency.
  3. NSQ easy to configure and deploy, and built-in management interface.

NSQ application scenarios

Generally speaking, message queues apply the following scenario.

Asynchronous Processing

Referring next to FIG using the message queue of non-critical business processes asynchronous processes, thereby significantly reducing the response time of the service request. nsq1.png

Application of Decoupling

By using message queues different business logic decoupling, reducing the coupling between systems, to improve the robustness of the system. There are other businesses follow orders to use data directly subscribe to message queues, increase the flexibility of the system.nsq2.png

Traffic clipping

Under similar spike (large s) and other scenes, a certain time may produce a large number of requests, using some of the message queue buffer is capable of providing back-end processing requests, and services to ensure the stability of the rear end. nsq3.png

installation

Official download page to download and extract can according to their own platform.

NSQ components

nsqd

nsqd is a daemon that receives, line up to the client to send a message.

Start nsqd, designated -broadcast-address=127.0.0.1to configure a broadcast address

./nsqd -broadcast-address=127.0.0.1

If the match is in nsqlookupdneed also specify the use mode under nsqlookupdaddress:

./nsqd -broadcast-address=127.0.0.1 -lookupd-tcp-address=127.0.0.1:4160

If you are deploying multiple nsqlookupdcluster nodes, you also can specify more -lookupd-tcp-address.

nsqdqRelated configuration items as follows:

-auth-http-address value
    <addr>:<port> to query auth server (may be given multiple times)
-broadcast-address string
    address that will be registered with lookupd (defaults to the OS hostname) (default "PROSNAKES.local")
-config string
    path to config file
-data-path string
    path to store disk-backed messages
-deflate
    enable deflate feature negotiation (client compression) (default true)
-e2e-processing-latency-percentile value
    message processing time percentiles (as float (0, 1.0]) to track (can be specified multiple times or comma separated '1.0,0.99,0.95', default none)
-e2e-processing-latency-window-time duration
    calculate end to end latency quantiles for this duration of time (ie: 60s would only show quantile calculations from the past 60 seconds) (default 10m0s)
-http-address string
    <addr>:<port> to listen on for HTTP clients (default "0.0.0.0:4151")
-http-client-connect-timeout duration
    timeout for HTTP connect (default 2s)
-http-client-request-timeout duration
    timeout for HTTP request (default 5s)
-https-address string
    <addr>:<port> to listen on for HTTPS clients (default "0.0.0.0:4152")
-log-prefix string
    log message prefix (default "[nsqd] ")
-lookupd-tcp-address value
    lookupd TCP address (may be given multiple times)
-max-body-size int
    maximum size of a single command body (default 5242880)
-max-bytes-per-file int
    number of bytes per diskqueue file before rolling (default 104857600)
-max-deflate-level int
    max deflate compression level a client can negotiate (> values == > nsqd CPU usage) (default 6)
-max-heartbeat-interval duration
    maximum client configurable duration of time between client heartbeats (default 1m0s)
-max-msg-size int
    maximum size of a single message in bytes (default 1048576)
-max-msg-timeout duration
    maximum duration before a message will timeout (default 15m0s)
-max-output-buffer-size int
    maximum client configurable size (in bytes) for a client output buffer (default 65536)
-max-output-buffer-timeout duration
    maximum client configurable duration of time between flushing to a client (default 1s)
-max-rdy-count int
    maximum RDY count for a client (default 2500)
-max-req-timeout duration
    maximum requeuing timeout for a message (default 1h0m0s)
-mem-queue-size int
    number of messages to keep in memory (per topic/channel) (default 10000)
-msg-timeout string
    duration to wait before auto-requeing a message (default "1m0s")
-node-id int
    unique part for message IDs, (int) in range [0,1024) (default is hash of hostname) (default 616)
-snappy
    enable snappy feature negotiation (client compression) (default true)
-statsd-address string
    UDP <addr>:<port> of a statsd daemon for pushing stats
-statsd-interval string
    duration between pushing to statsd (default "1m0s")
-statsd-mem-stats
    toggle sending memory and GC stats to statsd (default true)
-statsd-prefix string
    prefix used for keys sent to statsd (%s for host replacement) (default "nsq.%s")
-sync-every int
    number of messages per diskqueue fsync (default 2500)
-sync-timeout duration
    duration of time per diskqueue fsync (default 2s)
-tcp-address string
    <addr>:<port> to listen on for TCP clients (default "0.0.0.0:4150")
-tls-cert string
    path to certificate file
-tls-client-auth-policy string
    client certificate auth policy ('require' or 'require-verify')
-tls-key string
    path to key file
-tls-min-version value
    minimum SSL/TLS version acceptable ('ssl3.0', 'tls1.0', 'tls1.1', or 'tls1.2') (default 769)
-tls-required
    require TLS for client connections (true, false, tcp-https)
-tls-root-ca-file string
    path to certificate authority file
-verbose
    enable verbose logging
-version
    print version string
-worker-id
    do NOT use this, use --node-id

nsqlookupd

nsqlookupd是维护所有nsqd状态、提供服务发现的守护进程。它能为消费者查找特定topic下的nsqd提供了运行时的自动发现服务。 它不维持持久状态，也不需要与任何其他nsqlookupd实例协调以满足查询。因此根据你系统的冗余要求尽可能多地部署nsqlookupd节点。它们小豪的资源很少，可以与其他服务共存。我们的建议是为每个数据中心运行至少3个集群。

nsqlookupd相关配置项如下：

-broadcast-address string
    address of this lookupd node, (default to the OS hostname) (default "PROSNAKES.local")
-config string
    path to config file
-http-address string
    <addr>:<port> to listen on for HTTP clients (default "0.0.0.0:4161")
-inactive-producer-timeout duration
    duration of time a producer will remain in the active list since its last ping (default 5m0s)
-log-prefix string
    log message prefix (default "[nsqlookupd] ")
-tcp-address string
    <addr>:<port> to listen on for TCP clients (default "0.0.0.0:4160")
-tombstone-lifetime duration
    duration of time a producer will remain tombstoned if registration remains (default 45s)
-verbose
    enable verbose logging
-version
    print version string

nsqadmin

一个实时监控集群状态、执行各种管理任务的Web管理平台。 启动nsqadmin，指定nsqlookupd地址:

./nsqadmin -lookupd-http-address=127.0.0.1:4161

我们可以使用浏览器打开http://127.0.0.1:4171/访问如下管理界面。 nsqadmin0.png

nsqadmin相关的配置项如下：

-allow-config-from-cidr string
    A CIDR from which to allow HTTP requests to the /config endpoint (default "127.0.0.1/8")
-config string
    path to config file
-graphite-url string
    graphite HTTP address
-http-address string
    <addr>:<port> to listen on for HTTP clients (default "0.0.0.0:4171")
-http-client-connect-timeout duration
    timeout for HTTP connect (default 2s)
-http-client-request-timeout duration
    timeout for HTTP request (default 5s)
-http-client-tls-cert string
    path to certificate file for the HTTP client
-http-client-tls-insecure-skip-verify
    configure the HTTP client to skip verification of TLS certificates
-http-client-tls-key string
    path to key file for the HTTP client
-http-client-tls-root-ca-file string
    path to CA file for the HTTP client
-log-prefix string
    log message prefix (default "[nsqadmin] ")
-lookupd-http-address value
    lookupd HTTP address (may be given multiple times)
-notification-http-endpoint string
    HTTP endpoint (fully qualified) to which POST notifications of admin actions will be sent
-nsqd-http-address value
    nsqd HTTP address (may be given multiple times)
-proxy-graphite
    proxy HTTP requests to graphite
-statsd-counter-format string
    The counter stats key formatting applied by the implementation of statsd. If no formatting is desired, set this to an empty string. (default "stats.counters.%s.count")
-statsd-gauge-format string
    The gauge stats key formatting applied by the implementation of statsd. If no formatting is desired, set this to an empty string. (default "stats.gauges.%s")
-statsd-interval duration
    time interval nsqd is configured to push to statsd (must match nsqd) (default 1m0s)
-statsd-prefix string
    prefix used for keys sent to statsd (%s for host replacement, must match nsqd) (default "nsq.%s")
-version
    print version string

NSQ架构

NSQ工作模式

nsq4.png

Topic和Channel

每个nsqd实例旨在一次处理多个数据流。这些数据流称为“topics”，一个topic具有1个或多个“channels”。每个channel都会收到topic所有消息的副本，实际上下游的服务是通过对应的channel来消费topic消息。

topic和channel不是预先配置的。topic在首次使用时创建，方法是将其发布到指定topic，或者订阅指定topic上的channel。channel是通过订阅指定的channel在第一次使用时创建的。

topic和channel都相互独立地缓冲数据，防止缓慢的消费者导致其他chennel的积压（同样适用于topic级别）。

channel可以并且通常会连接多个客户端。假设所有连接的客户端都处于准备接收消息的状态，则每条消息将被传递到随机客户端。例如：

nsq5.gif 总而言之，消息是从topic -> channel（每个channel接收该topic的所有消息的副本）多播的，但是从channel -> consumers均匀分布（每个消费者接收该channel的一部分消息）。

NSQ接收和发送消息流程

nsq6.png

NSQ特性

  • 消息默认不持久化，可以配置成持久化模式。nsq采用的方式时内存+硬盘的模式，当内存到达一定程度时就会将数据持久化到硬盘。
    • 如果将--mem-queue-size设置为0，所有的消息将会存储到磁盘。
    • 服务器重启时也会将当时在内存中的消息持久化。
  • 每条消息至少传递一次。
  • 消息不保证有序。

Go操作NSQ

官方提供了Go语言版的客户端：go-nsq，更多客户端支持请查看CLIENT LIBRARIES。

安装

go get -u github.com/nsqio/go-nsq

生产者

一个简单的生产者示例代码如下：

// nsq_producer/main.go
package main

import (
    "bufio"
    "fmt"
    "os"
    "strings"

    "github.com/nsqio/go-nsq"
)

// NSQ Producer Demo

var producer *nsq.Producer

// 初始化生产者
func initProducer(str string) (err error) {
    config := nsq.NewConfig()
    producer, err = nsq.NewProducer(str, config)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Printf("create producer failed, err:%v\n", err)
        return err
    }
    return nil
}

func main() {
    nsqAddress := "127.0.0.1:4150"
    err := initProducer(nsqAddress)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Printf("init producer failed, err:%v\n", err)
        return
    }

    reader := bufio.NewReader(os.Stdin) // 从标准输入读取
    for {
        data, err := reader.ReadString('\n')
        if err != nil {
            fmt.Printf("read string from stdin failed, err:%v\n", err)
            continue
        }
        data = strings.TrimSpace(data)
        if strings.ToUpper(data) == "Q" { // 输入Q退出
            break
        }
        // 向 'topic_demo' publish 数据
        err = producer.Publish("topic_demo", []byte(data))
        if err != nil {
            fmt.Printf("publish msg to nsq failed, err:%v\n", err)
            continue
        }
    }
}

将上面的代码编译执行，然后在终端输入两条数据123和456：

$ ./nsq_producer 
123
2018/10/22 18:41:20 INF    1 (127.0.0.1:4150) connecting to nsqd
456

使用浏览器打开http://127.0.0.1:4171/可以查看到类似下面的页面： 在下面这个页面能看到当前的topic信息： nsqadmin1.png

点击页面上的topic_demo就能进入一个展示更多详细信息的页面，在这个页面上我们可以查看和管理topic，同时能够看到目前在LWZMBP:4151 (127.0.01:4151)这个nsqd上有2条message。又因为没有消费者接入所以暂时没有创建channel。 nsqadmin2.png

在/nodes这个页面我们能够很方便的查看当前接入lookupd的nsqd节点。 nsqadmin3.png

这个/counter页面显示了处理的消息数量，因为我们没有接入消费者，所以处理的消息数量为0。 nsqadmin4.png

In the /lookupinterface supports the creation topicand channel.nsqadmin5.png

consumer

A simple consumer following sample code:

// nsq_consumer/main.go
package main

import (
    "fmt"
    "os"
    "os/signal"
    "syscall"
    "time"

    "github.com/nsqio/go-nsq"
)

// NSQ Consumer Demo

// MyHandler 是一个消费者类型
type MyHandler struct {
    Title string
}

// HandleMessage 是需要实现的处理消息的方法
func (m *MyHandler) HandleMessage(msg *nsq.Message) (err error) {
    fmt.Printf("%s recv from %v, msg:%v\n", m.Title, msg.NSQDAddress, string(msg.Body))
    return
}

// 初始化消费者
func initConsumer(topic string, channel string, address string) (err error) {
    config := nsq.NewConfig()
    config.LookupdPollInterval = 15 * time.Second
    c, err := nsq.NewConsumer(topic, channel, config)
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Printf("create consumer failed, err:%v\n", err)
        return
    }
    consumer := &MyHandler{
        Title: "沙河1号",
    }
    c.AddHandler(consumer)

    // if err := c.ConnectToNSQD(address); err != nil { // 直接连NSQD
    if err := c.ConnectToNSQLookupd(address); err != nil { // 通过lookupd查询
        return err
    }
    return nil

}

func main() {
    err := initConsumer("topic_demo", "first", "127.0.0.1:4161")
    if err != nil {
        fmt.Printf("init consumer failed, err:%v\n", err)
        return
    }
    c := make(chan os.Signal)        // 定义一个信号的通道
    signal.Notify(c, syscall.SIGINT) // 转发键盘中断信号到c
    <-c                              // 阻塞
}

After the above code will compile and run stored, it will be able to get two of the messages before we publish:

$ ./nsq_consumer 
2018/10/22 18:49:06 INF    1 [topic_demo/first] querying nsqlookupd http://127.0.0.1:4161/lookup?topic=topic_demo
2018/10/22 18:49:06 INF    1 [topic_demo/first] (127.0.0.1:4150) connecting to nsqd
沙河1号 recv from 127.0.0.1:4150, msg:123
沙河1号 recv from 127.0.0.1:4150, msg:456

While nsqadmin of /counterview the number of data processing is two pages.nsqadmin6.png

About go-nsqmore, please read the go-nsq official documents .

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Origin www.cnblogs.com/nickchen121/p/11517436.html
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