First, the operating system : specific definition of computer hardware and software functions
1,1
computer hardware is generally divided into five parts:
运算器、控制器——cpu
存储器——硬盘、内存（运行空间）
输入设备——鼠标、键盘、扫描仪等等
输出设备——显示器、音响、打印机、投影等等**Computer software were two categories:
系统软件
应用软件
####系统软件就是计算机操作系统，其他应用软件都必须在操作系统的支持下才能运行How 2 operating system is running?
How to 1,3 operating system is to allow applications to run
##### operating system (software) installed, things will be handled during boot.
###### application software is to find the file and install exe file is loaded into memory to run
Second, the development of the operating system (do not explain, understand understand)
代表的操作系统（windows系统、android系统、ISO系统、unix系统、Linux系统Unix systems -------- purely commercial enterprise-class version of the operating system, the use of very expensive;
------- Linux systems based on Unix systems evolve to a free open-source operating system;
---- Windows system based on DOS operating system with a graphical interface to the system evolution;
Android system ---- Linux system to evolve in a free open-source operating system based mobile device;
IOS system ---- Unix-based systems to evolve It is not a free open-source operating system of Apple devices;
Third, the application areas of the mainstream operating system
personal computer device
on a personal computer device can be installed on Windows and Linux systems
主要以Windows系统为主； server equipment
in the large-scale enterprise-class server device can be installed windows, Unix, Linux systems,
主要以Linux系统为主； embedded devices
in addition to PCs and servers are embedded devices, covering a wide range of embedded devices, such as: mobile phones, digital cameras, game consoles, home appliances, traffic lights, factory control equipment, aerospace equipment, etc. Wait,
主要使用Linux系统和Android系统。Fourth, the origin of the Linux system (without explanation)
Fifth, the mainstream linux system version
5.1 , Fedora version of
Fedora version of Linux operating system is a system written with all the world's Fedora community members (Computer enthusiasts).
5.2, CentOS version
centos版的Linux系统是Red Hat公司研发的专业级的服务器操作系统。5.3, Ubuntu version
Ubantu version of the Linux system is a desktop-based operating system, mainly for the use of personal devices, IOS is the specific version of Ubuntu Linux-based systems evolve come.
Sixth, the file structure of Linux systems
All file systems are under a file (root directory), each file is on the lower level in a certain standard management structure.
/-------根目录，该目录是Linux系统中所有文件的最上级目录文件
etc----系统管理目录，该目录是Linux系统在管理操作时需要用到的目录文件，存放的是系统的管理文件，如：用户信息文件、网络设置文件等等；
home----家目录，该目录是Linux系统中除了管理员用户以外的其他用户目录文件，存放的是除管理员以外的其他用户文件。当Linux系统中新建一个用户，那么会自动在home目录下创建一个与用户名同名的目录文件，该目录被称之为主目录。
mnt-----外部存储设备目录，该目录是Linux系统中所有外部存储设备管理目录；
bin------操作命令目录，该目录存放的是Linux系统中的操作命令文件；
usr------Linux系统中占用硬盘空间最大的目录文件，存放的是 Linux系统中的所有应用程序文件（应用软件）；
tmp-----临时文件目录，该目录存放的是Linux系统在运行时产生的所有临时文件；
root-----Linux系统的超级权限用户root的家目录；Seven, the difference between Linux and Windows systems
Linux file system is a pure tree management, Windows management structure of the system is the letter;
Linux system, all external storage devices are mnt directory under the root directory, all external storage devices Windows systems are a separate letter;
Linux system only after the log file in the home directory of the highest operating authority, have permission to view other documents; after the Windows default user login system case, can all file operations system ;
Windows system has Recycle Bin feature, ** Linux system does not have the Recycle Bin function.
Eight remote Linux server connection
“控制面板”----“程序”----“打开或关闭Windows功能”----选中“telnet客户端”8.1, Linux server connection
telnet的用法：telnet IP地址
Linux服务器的IP地址：176.46.14.57
Linux服务器的用户名和密码：oracle10g8.2, quit Linux server
命令：logout 快捷键：ctrl+DNine basic operation command, Linux system
9.1、pwd
pwd command is used alone, the effect pwd absolute path is used to display the current position.
Linux系统登录之后，当前位置就是主目录。Linux file system path in two ways:
绝对路径：以根目录开头的路径；
相对路径（相对于当前位置而言的路径）：不以根目录开头的路径；9.2 ls
Syntax: ls [options] directory name
role ls is used to view the contents of a directory file (folder), ls if you do not write the name of the directory, then the default is Look under the current directory, write directory names can use relative paths can be using an absolute path, absolute path to the directory name mainly used wording.
For example:
1. Look under the root directory
ls /
2, see the Linux operating system file named
ls / bin
3 contents, view the current directory
ls
Cleanup screen: the Clear
LS option
-a: see all the files in the directory (including hidden files), hidden files Linux system begins with the file name;
-l: in a manner more information look under the directory, a line of explanation is detailed information of a file
-t: descending chronological view the contents of directory
-S: in descending order according to the size of the directory Look under
-s: view the contents of the directory at the same time, the display size of each file (KB)
Linux系统通过颜色来区分文件类型：
白色----普通文件，只用于存储文字内容的文件，如：文本文件
深蓝色----目录文件（文件夹）
红色----压缩文件/软件安装包
绿色----可执行文件，可以直接执行有特殊用途的文件
浅蓝色----链接文件，如：快捷方式
红色闪烁----表示链接文件有问题
yellow色----设备文件（硬件）
灰色----其他文件9.3、cd
Syntax: cd path to the target location of
the role of the cd command is used to switch the current position, need to pay attention, that is the path to the target position can be a relative path, or an absolute path.
specific wording of cd:
cd -------------- switched to the landing position of the Linux system directory (home directory)
cd ..-------- switch to the parent directory files position
cd ~ --------- switched to the home location, the home directory is equivalent to ~ absolute path
Summary, under me: This is the basic understanding down:
1) Linux file system directory structure needs to know how is what?
A: 
Today's lesson I learned the first time I saw the contents of the video called "era of the Internet," I did not expect before the development is so over. Is not easy, so let me witness the miracle of it! Little by little I began to learn the arrival of interests. But I was not, I still have to learn ah, I is zero-based. No matter how. I will keep doing it.