Linux Command Summary
1 ls
Display file or directory
-l lists the file details l (list)
-a list all files and directories in the current directory, including hidden a (all)
-F view files in a directory
-r Reverse ( Reverse ). List the contents of the directory from back to front
-R recursively ( recursive This ). This option recursively list all directories (below the current directory) contents.
-s size ( size ). Sorted by file size.
2、 mkdir
Create a directory
-p create a directory, if not the parent directory, create p (parent)
3、cd
Change directory
cd / back to the root directory
cd .. go back one level
cd- return to recently used directory
3、 touch
Create an empty file
-t set the time and date, and date formats same, yyyyMMddhhmm
5、echo
A text output on the display - the standard output device.
例：echo “hello”
6、cat
View the file contents
cat e1 browse files e1 content
cat e1 e2 browse the contents of multiple files
cat -n e1 browse files e1 content and displays the line number
7 , cp copies
Example: ( . 1 ), CP file1 file2 copy a file
( 2 ), cp dir / *. Copy all files in a directory to the current working directory
( 3 ), cp -a / tmp / dir1. Copy a directory to the current working directory
( 4 ), cp -a dir1 dir2 copy a directory
8、mv
Move or rename
-i, - interactive interactive operation. If the source file and the target file or target directory file with the same name, the user is asked whether overwrite the destination file. The user input "y", represents the coverage of the target file; an input "n", indicates to cancel movement of the source file. This prevents files mistakenly overwritten.
-f with the "-i" Instead, it prohibits interactive operation. When overwrite the existing target file, do not give any hints.
9、rm
Delete Files
-r recursive delete, delete files and subdirectories
-f forced to delete
Example:
( 1 ), RM -f file1 delete called 'file1' file '
( 2 ), rmdir dir1 delete called 'dir1' directory '
( 3 ), RM -rf dir1 delete called 'dir1' directory and delete its contents
( 4 ), RM -rf dir1 dir2 simultaneously remove two directories and their contents
10、find
Finding qualified file or directory
find / etc -name * ab * ab is included
find / etc -name ab * ab beginning
11、wc
Count the number of rows of text, words, characters
-c --bytes statistics bytes
-l --lines statistics row
-w --words word count
12、grep
In one or more file contains the given search string
grep ‘the’ 1.txt
-a: Search as a text file
-c number of calculations to find the line with the line
-i ignore case
-n way output line number
-v adverse selection, that line does not find the search string
13、rmdir
Delete empty directories
dirname represents the directory name. This command deletes a subdirectory or more items from a catalog.
Note: Before a directory is deleted must be empty. You must also have write access to the parent directory To delete a directory
- p: After deleting the specified directory, parent directory of the directory has become an empty directory, and delete the one
Note : recursive delete, delete after that is the inner layer, the outer layer is empty, then be deleted
14、tree / lstree
Display the directory tree, tree need to install package
15、pwd
Displays the current directory
16、more、less
Page display the contents of a text file
17、head、tail
Display file header, footer content
18、date
Displays the system date
19、cal 2007
Show 2007 year calendar
20、cd /home
Enter '/ home' directory '
Users and Groups
1、 groupadd group_name
Create a new user group
2、 groupdel group_name
To delete a user group
3、 groupmod -n new_group_name old_group_name
Renaming a user group
4、 useradd user1
Create a new user
5、 userdel -r user1
To delete a user ( '-r' eliminates home directory )
6、 passwd
Change password
7、 passwd user1
Change a user password ( only root execution )
1、 stat
Details Displays the specified file, than ls more detail
2、 who
Display the online login
3、 Whoami
Displays the current user operation
4、 Hostname
Show hostname
5、 uname
Information Display System
6、 top
Dynamically displays the current most resource-intensive process information
7、 ps
Display instant process status ps -aux
8, the
Check directory size du -h / home with directory information display unit
9、 df
Check disk space usage
-a list all file systems, including system-specific / proc file system, etc..
-k in KB display file system
-m to mb Displays each file system
-h display format to gb
-T display file format type of the physical file system.
-i inode number to be displayed
10、 man
Command is not used, looking for a man such as: man ls
11 , the Clear clear screen
12、kill
Kill the process, you can use ps to view the process id or top command, then use the kill command to kill the process.
1.shutdown
-r shutdown restart
-h off without rebooting
now immediately shut down
2 , the HALT shutdown
3、reboot / shutdown -r now 重启
4 , Zimbabwe Logout logout
Use vim
vim three modes: command mode, insert mode, edit mode. Use ESC or i or: to switch modes.
In command mode:
: q Quit
: q! forced to quit
: W save not only quit
: wq to save and exit
: ZZ if only as by modifying the contents of the buffer is written to the file.
: X and: ZZ same.
Additional command
after insertion of a cursor, the cursor may be anywhere in the line.
A text is added in the end of the line the cursor line
Move to the first line of command (key):
^ Move the cursor to the first non-blank character in the current row (non tabs or spaces)
0 Always move the cursor to the first character of the current line, regardless of whether it is a whitespace
Move to end of line command (key): $
To the specified command line (bond): [row number] G
To the specified command (key) column: [column number] |
Press the forward command word (key):
w - word or punctuation is defined as the white space (tab, newline or space) separated alphanumeric string
W - word is defined as non-empty string
Press shift command word (key):
b - the word is defined as the white space or punctuation (tab, newline or space) separated alphanumeric string
B-- words are defined as non-empty string
: set number display line numbers
: set nonumber hide line numbers
/ apache find in the document apache press n go on to the next, shift + n a
yyp copy cursor line, and paste
ctrl u go row
ctrl w to a
yy Copy
p Paste
dd Delete
u withdrawal
h ( left one character ←) , J (next line ↓), k (upper row ↑), l (right one character →)
File permissions of using the "+" to set permissions, use the "-" is used to cancel
1 , LS -LH Show Permissions
2 , LS / tmp | PR -T5 -W $ CO.'S LUMNS terminal is divided into five columns show
Chmod
For access or change the settings file or directory
. 3 , the chmod + rwx directory1 Ugo all set directory (U) , the group (g) and others (o) to read (r), write (w) and execute (x) permissions
4 , chmod-rwx directory1 Go To delete a group (g) and others (o) to read and write execute permissions on the directory
5 , chown user1 file1 change owner of a file's properties
. 6 , chown -R & lt user1 directory1 change all attributes of a directory and simultaneously change the properties of all files in the directory change
7 , chgrp group1 file1 group change file
8 , chown user1: group1 file1 change user and group ownership of a file
. 9 , the chmod + U S / bin / file1 set SUID of a binary digit - a user runs the file and are each assigned to the same owner permissions
10 , chmod US / bin / file1 disable SUID binary file a bit
. 11 , the chmod + G S / Home / public provided a directory SGID bit - Similar SUID, but this is for the directory