1.throw expression
IF (! item1.isbn () = item2.isbn ()) the throw a runtime_error ( " Data MUST REFER to ISBN The Same " ); // perform this, ISBN represents two same cout << item1 + item2 << endl;
2.try statement block
n') break;//out of while } }
3. Exception class
3.1 exception Exception class: the most common problems reported
3.2 new header --bad_alloc abnormal
3.3 type_info header --bad_cast abnormal
3.4 stdexcept header file