Microsoft® SQL Server ™ 2000 using a reserved keyword definitions, operations and access the database. Reserved keywords are part of Transact-SQL language syntax SQL Server uses for analysis and understanding of Transact-SQL statements and batches. Although the Transact-SQL script, SQL Server reserved keywords as identifiers and object name is grammatically possible, but provision can only use delimited identifiers.
The following table lists reserved keywords for SQL Server.
ADD | EXCEPT | PERCENT |
ALL | EXEC | PLAN |
ALTER | EXECUTE | PRECISION |
AND | EXISTS | PRIMARY |
ANY | EXIT | |
AS | FETCH | PROC |
ASC | FILE | PROCEDURE |
AUTHORIZATION | FILLFACTOR | PUBLIC |
BACKUP | FOR | RAISERROR |
BEGIN | FOREIGN | READ |
BETWEEN | FREETEXT | READTEXT |
BREAK | FREETEXTTABLE | RECONFIGURE |
BROWSE | FROM | REFERENCES |
BULK | FULL | REPLICATION |
BY | FUNCTION | RESTORE |
CASCADE | GOTO | RESTRICT |
CASE | GRANT | RETURN |
CHECK | GROUP | REVOKE |
CHECKPOINT | HAVING | RIGHT |
CLOSE | HOLD LOCK | ROLLBACK |
CLUSTERED | IDENTITY | ROWCOUNT |
COALESCE | IDENTITY_INSERT | ROWGUIDCOL |
COLLATE | IDENTITYCOL | RULE |
COLUMN | IF | SAVE |
COMMIT | IN | SCHEMA |
COMPUTE | INDEX | SELECT |
CONSTRAINT | INNER | SESSION_USER |
CONTAINS | INSERT | SET |
CONTAINSTABLE | INTERSECT | SETUSER |
CONTINUE | INTO | SHUTDOWN |
CONVERT | IS | SOME |
CREATE | JOIN | STATISTICS |
CROSS | KEY | SYSTEM_USER |
CURRENT | KILL | TABLE |
CURRENT_DATE | LEFT | TEXTSIZE |
CURRENT_TIME | LIKE | THEN |
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | LINENO | TO |
CURRENT_USER | LOAD | TOP |
CURSOR | NATIONAL | TRAN |
DATABASE | NOCHECK | TRANSACTION |
DBCC | NONCLUSTERED | TRIGGER |
DEALLOCATE | NOT | TRUNCATE |
DECLARE | NULL | TSEQUAL |
DEFAULT | NULLIF | UNION |
DELETE | OF | UNIQUE |
DENY | OFF | UPDATE |
DESC | OFFSETS | UPDATETEXT |
DISK | ON | USE |
DISTINCT | OPEN | USER |
DISTRIBUTED | OPENDATASOURCE | VALUES |
DOUBLE | OPENQUERY | VARYING |
DROP | OPENROWSET | VIEW |
DUMMY | OPENXML | WAITFOR |
DUMP | OPTION | WHEN |
ELSE | OR | WHERE |
END | ORDER | WHILE |
ERRLVL | OUTER | WITH |
ESCAPE | OVER | WRITETEXT |
另外,SQL-92 标准还定义了保留关键字列表。不要使用 SQL-92 保留关键字作为对象名和标识符。ODBC 保留关键字列表(如下所示)与 SQL-92 保留关键字列表相同。
说明 SQL-92 保留关键字列表有时可能比 SQL Server 限制更多,有时则限制更少。例如,SQL-92 保留关键字列表包含 INT,而 SQL Server 不需要将其区分为保留关键字。
Transact-SQL 保留关键字可用作数据库或数据库对象(如表、列、视图等)的标识符或名称。使用被引用的标识符或分隔标识符。对将保留关键字用作变量和存储过程参数的名称没有限制。有关更多信息,请参见使用标识符。
ODBC 保留关键字
保留了下列关键字用于 ODBC 函数调用。这些关键字根本不约束 SQL 语法;然而,为确保与支持核心 SQL 语法的驱动程序兼容,应用程序应避免使用这些关键字。
下面是当前的 ODBC 保留关键字列表。有关更多信息,请参见《MicrosoftODBC 3.0 程序员参考》,第 2 卷,附录 C。
ABSOLUTE | EXEC | OVERLAPS |
ACTION | EXECUTE | PAD |
ADA | EXISTS | PARTIAL |
ADD | EXTERNAL | PASCAL |
ALL | EXTRACT | POSITION |
ALLOCATE | FALSE | PRECISION |
ALTER | FETCH | PREPARE |
AND | FIRST | PRESERVE |
ANY | FLOAT | PRIMARY |
ARE | FOR | PRIOR |
AS | FOREIGN | PRIVILEGES |
ASC | FORTRAN | PROCEDURE |
ASSERTION | FOUND | PUBLIC |
AT | FROM | READ |
AUTHORIZATION | FULL | REAL |
AVG | GET | REFERENCES |
BEGIN | GLOBAL | RELATIVE |
BETWEEN | GO | RESTRICT |
BIT | GOTO | REVOKE |
BIT_LENGTH | GRANT | RIGHT |
BOTH | GROUP | ROLLBACK |
BY | HAVING | ROWS |
CASCADE | HOUR | SCHEMA |
CASCADED | IDENTITY | SCROLL |
CASE | IMMEDIATE | SECOND |
CAST | IN | SECTION |
CATALOG | INCLUDE | SELECT |
CHAR | INDEX | SESSION |
CHAR_LENGTH | INDICATOR | SESSION_USER |
CHARACTER | INITIALLY | SET |
CHARACTER_LENGTH | INNER | SIZE |
CHECK | INPUT | SMALLINT |
CLOSE | INSENSITIVE | SOME |
COALESCE | INSERT | SPACE |
COLLATE | INT | SQL |
COLLATION | INTEGER | SQLCA |
COLUMN | INTERSECT | SQLCODE |
COMMIT | INTERVAL | SQLERROR |
CONNECT | INTO | SQLSTATE |
CONNECTION | IS | SQLWARNING |
CONSTRAINT | ISOLATION | SUBSTRING |
CONSTRAINTS | JOIN | SUM |
CONTINUE | KEY | SYSTEM_USER |
CONVERT | LANGUAGE | TABLE |
CORRESPONDING | LAST | TEMPORARY |
COUNT | LEADING | THEN |
CREATE | LEFT | TIME |
CROSS | LEVEL | TIMESTAMP |
CURRENT | LIKE | TIMEZONE_HOUR |
CURRENT_DATE | LOCAL | TIMEZONE_MINUTE |
CURRENT_TIME | LOWER | TO |
CURRENT_TIMESTAMP | MATCH | TRAILING |
CURRENT_USER | MAX | TRANSACTION |
CURSOR | MIN | TRANSLATE |
DATE | MINUTE | TRANSLATION |
DAY | MODULE | TRIM |
DEALLOCATE | MONTH | TRUE |
DEC | NAMES | UNION |
DECIMAL | NATIONAL | UNIQUE |
DECLARE | NATURAL | UNKNOWN |
DEFAULT | NCHAR | UPDATE |
DEFERRABLE | NEXT | UPPER |
DEFERRED | NO | USAGE |
DELETE | NONE | USER |
DESC | NOT | USING |
DESCRIBE | NULL | VALUE |
DESCRIPTOR | NULLIF | VALUES |
DIAGNOSTICS | NUMERIC | VARCHAR |
DISCONNECT | OCTET_LENGTH | VARYING |
DISTINCT | OF | VIEW |
DOMAIN | ON | WHEN |
DOUBLE | ONLY | WHENEVER |
DROP | OPEN | WHERE |
ELSE | OPTION | WITH |
END | OR | WORK |
END-EXEC | ORDER | WRITE |
ESCAPE | OUTER | YEAR |
EXCEPT | OUTPUT | ZONE |
EXCEPTION |
将来的关键字
以下关键字可能会保留在将来的 SQL Server 版本中,作为将来要实现的新特性。注意,不要使用这些关键字作为标识符。
ABSOLUTE | FOUND | PRESERVE |
ACTION | FREE | PRIOR |
ADMIN | GENERAL | PRIVILEGES |
AFTER | GET | READS |
AGGREGATE | GLOBAL | REAL |
ALIAS | GO | RECURSIVE |
ALLOCATE | GROUPING | REF |
ARE | HOST | REFERENCING |
ARRAY | HOUR | RELATIVE |
ASSERTION | IGNORE | RESULT |
AT | IMMEDIATE | RETURNS |
BEFORE | INDICATOR | ROLE |
BINARY | INITIALIZE | ROLLUP |
BIT | INITIALLY | ROUTINE |
BLOB | INOUT | ROW |
BOOLEAN | INPUT | ROWS |
BOTH | INT | SAVEPOINT |
BREADTH | INTEGER | SCROLL |
CALL | INTERVAL | SCOPE |
CASCADED | ISOLATION | SEARCH |
CAST | ITERATE | SECOND |
CATALOG | LANGUAGE | SECTION |
CHAR | LARGE | SEQUENCE |
CHARACTER | LAST | SESSION |
CLASS | LATERAL | SETS |
CLOB | LEADING | SIZE |
COLLATION | LESS | SMALLINT |
COMPLETION | LEVEL | SPACE |
CONNECT | LIMIT | SPECIFIC |
CONNECTION | LOCAL | SPECIFICTYPE |
CONSTRAINTS | LOCALTIME | SQL |
CONSTRUCTOR | LOCALTIMESTAMP | SQLEXCEPTION |
CORRESPONDING | LOCATOR | SQLSTATE |
CUBE | MAP | SQLWARNING |
CURRENT_PATH | MATCH | START |
CURRENT_ROLE | MINUTE | STATE |
CYCLE | MODIFIES | STATEMENT |
DATA | MODIFY | STATIC |
DATE | MODULE | STRUCTURE |
DAY | MONTH | TEMPORARY |
DEC | NAMES | TERMINATE |
DECIMAL | NATURAL | THAN |
DEFERRABLE | NCHAR | TIME |
DEFERRED | NCLOB | TIMESTAMP |
DEPTH | NEW | TIMEZONE_HOUR |
DEREF | NEXT | TIMEZONE_MINUTE |
DESCRIBE | NO | TRAILING |
DESCRIPTOR | NONE | TRANSLATION |
DESTROY | NUMERIC | TREAT |
DESTRUCTOR | OBJECT | TRUE |
DETERMINISTIC | OLD | UNDER |
DICTIONARY | ONLY | UNKNOWN |
DIAGNOSTICS | OPERATION | UNNEST |
DISCONNECT | ORDINALITY | USAGE |
DOMAIN | OUT | USING |
DYNAMIC | OUTPUT | VALUE |
EACH | PAD | VARCHAR |
END-EXEC | PARAMETER | VARIABLE |
EQUALS | PARAMETERS | WHENEVER |
EVERY | PARTIAL | WITHOUT |
EXCEPTION | PATH | WORK |
EXTERNAL | POSTFIX | WRITE |
FLASE | PREFIX | YEAR |
FIRST | PREORDER | ZONE |
FLOAT | PREPARE |