httprouter
httprouter is a high performance, scalable HTTP routing, we enumerated above net/httpdeficiencies default route, are implemented httprouter, let's use an example, under httprouter understanding of this powerful HTTP routing.
installation:
go get -u github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter
In this example, first by httprouter.New()generating a *Routerroute pointer, then GETthe method is adapted to register a /path Indexfunction, and finally *Routerpassed as parameters to ListenAndServestart the HTTP service to function.
package main
import (
"log"
"net/http"
"github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter"
)
func Index(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {
w.Write([]byte("Index"))
}
func main() {
router := httprouter.New()
router.GET("/", Index)
log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", router))
}
httprouter provide a quick way to use all of the HTTP Method, simply call the corresponding method can be.
func (r *Router) GET(path string, handle Handle) {
r.Handle("GET", path, handle)
}
func (r *Router) HEAD(path string, handle Handle) {
r.Handle("HEAD", path, handle)
}
func (r *Router) OPTIONS(path string, handle Handle) {
r.Handle("OPTIONS", path, handle)
}
func (r *Router) POST(path string, handle Handle) {
r.Handle("POST", path, handle)
}
func (r *Router) PUT(path string, handle Handle) {
r.Handle("PUT", path, handle)
}
func (r *Router) PATCH(path string, handle Handle) {
r.Handle("PATCH", path, handle)
}
func (r *Router) DELETE(path string, handle Handle) {
r.Handle("DELETE", path, handle)
}
Modern API, basically Restful API, supports named parameters httprouter provided, can easily help us develop Restful API. For example, we designed the API /user/flysnow, so that a URL, you can view flysnowthe user's information, if you want to view other users, for example zhangsan, we only need to access the API /user/zhangsancan be.
URL includes two matching modes: / user /: name an exact match, / user / * name matches all modes.
package main
import (
"github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter"
"net/http"
"log"
"fmt"
)
func main() {
router:=httprouter.New()
router.GET("/MainData", func (w http.ResponseWriter,r *http.Request,_ httprouter.Params) {
w.Write([]byte("default get"))
})
router.POST("/MainData",func (w http.ResponseWriter,r *http.Request,_ httprouter.Params) {
w.Write([]byte("default post"))
})
//精确匹配
router.GET("/user/name",func (w http.ResponseWriter,r *http.Request,p httprouter.Params) {
w.Write([]byte("user name:"+p.ByName("name ")))
// match all
})
router.GET("/employee/*name",func (w http.ResponseWriter,r *http.Request,p httprouter.Params) {
w.Write([]byte("employee name:"+p.ByName("name")))
})
http.ListenAndServe(":8081", router)
}
Handler two different domain processing chain processing
package main
import (
"fmt"
"log"
"net/http"
"github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter"
)
type HostMap map[string]http.Handler
func (hs HostMap) ServeHTTP(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
fmt.Println("222")
//根据域名获取对应的Handler路由，然后调用处理（分发机制）
if handler := hs[r.Host]; handler != nil {
handler.ServeHTTP(w, r)
} else {
http.Error(w, "Forbidden", 403)
}
}
func main() {
userRouter := httprouter.New()
userRouter.GET("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, p httprouter.Params) {
w.Write([]byte("play"))
})
dataRouter := httprouter.New()
dataRouter.GET("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {
w.Write([]byte("tool"))
})
//分别用于处理不同的二级域名
hs := make(HostMap)
hs["user.localhost:12345"] = userRouter
hs["data.localhost:12345"] = dataRouter
log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":12345", hs))
}
httprouter provides a very convenient static files, you can put a directory hosted on the server for access.
router.ServeFiles("/static/*filepath",http.Dir("./"))
Use ServeFilesshould be noted that the first parameter path must be to /*filepath, because we want to get the path information to be accessed.
func (r *Router) ServeFiles(path string, root http.FileSystem) {
if len(path) < 10 || path[len(path)-10:] != "/*filepath" {
panic("path must end with /*filepath in path '" + path + "'")
}
fileServer := http.FileServer(root)
r.GET(path, func(w http.ResponseWriter, req *http.Request, ps Params) {
req.URL.Path = ps.ByName("filepath")
fileServer.ServeHTTP(w, req)
})
}
example:
package main
import (
"log"
"net/http"
"github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter"
)
func main() {
router := httprouter.New()
//访问静态文件
router.ServeFiles("/static/*filepath", http.Dir("./files"))
log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", router))
}
httprouter exception caught, httprouter allow a user, is provided PanicHandlerfor processing the HTTP request panic occurred.
package main
import (
"fmt"
"log"
"net/http"
"github.com/julienschmidt/httprouter"
)
func Index(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, _ httprouter.Params) {
panic("error")
}
func main() {
router := httprouter.New()
router.GET("/", Index)
//捕获异常
router.PanicHandler = func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request, v interface{}) {
w.WriteHeader(http.StatusInternalServerError)
fmt.Fprintf(w, "error:%s", v)
}
log.Fatal(http.ListenAndServe(":8080", router))
}
httprouter there are many small useful features, such as processing of 404, set by us Router.NotFoundto achieve, we take a look at Routerthis array structure, you can find more useful features.
Router {struct type
// by redirecting whether, from a given path slash
RedirectTrailingSlash BOOL
// whether by redirecting automatically repair path, such as a double slash, such as automatic repair single slash
RedirectFixedPath BOOL
// detect whether the current request the method is allowed
HandleMethodNotAllowed BOOL
// whether custom reply OPTION request
HandleOPTIONS BOOL
// 404 default processing
NotFound http.Handler
method // not allowed default processing
MethodNotAllowed http.Handler
// abnormal unified treatment
PanicHandler func (http.ResponseWriter, http.Request *, interface {})
}