shell script - the third class Principles of Programming

Programming principle:
1, Introduction to Programming
   early language:

   Drive hardware default can not be used;
       the need for command communication between different hardware device manufacturers, we need to drive to "translate";
   more close and hardware development engineers, to learn "assembly language"; and "assembly language" is limited by the manufacturer; C C ++ language is the underlying assembly language;


   Now programming:

   Based on high-level language, as well as ultra-high-level language, better enable programmers to achieve programming;


   classification of programming languages:
       high-level language, ultra-high-level language to be translated into computer-readable language (binary instructions)

       Interpreter - progressive translation, the JAVA Python line execution the shell
            the bash the -X-filename.sh
       compiled - a compiler, performs all the C language C ++ C # JAVA

       program instructions = + Data
       Object-oriented - focusing on the data programming language

       Process for - focus on instruction

   implementation programming language:
       [] line by line
       1, the order of execution

       2 repeatedly executed - * for (traversing) * while (loop condition) an until (and while the opposite)

       3, choose to perform - a branch if * case *

2, shell scripting language introduced
   advantages: Call os (operating system) command line to achieve all functions;
   Disadvantages: No library calls (to distinguish Python)

   shell scripts include: 1 * command * () 2, variable (global variables, local variables, local variables, parameter passing) 3, logic

   shell first sentence! ! ! (Must be written)

   #! / bin / bash - defined script interpreter (# is generally considered a comment line, where special) the shebang
   #! / user / bin / python


   / etc / shells - to view the current program supported by the system shell
   echo $ SHELL - shell program to check the current session of the
   / etc / passwd - developed to support the user's default shell program (/ sbin / nologin)

   shell execution:
       1, bash command to execute the script
            -n view the shell script program logic error (Note: the word may be wrong no matter)
            -x progressive script execution (easy troubleshooting)
       2, authorize chmod u + x filename.sh
            use the full path execute the script, you can

3, variable

   环境变量
   局部变量 declare 命令 -- 定义变量类型

   本地变量 local 在函数中使用

   变量类型:
       数值型:
            1、整形 int
            2、浮点型 float
            3、布尔值 0 1 (假真)

       字符串:
            1、普通字符及字符串
            2、数组

       编程语言的分类:
            强类型语言 -- 数值必须被定义,才能进行处理或运算

            弱类型语言 -- 编程语言可以自动识别变量类型
            【*多态* 一个数据具有多个属性,而最后使用的属性取决于和他进行运算的数据】

   传参
       $? -- 上一条命令的执行状态 0 正确 1-255 错误
       $1 $2 ... ${10} -- 命令后面传入脚本的数据,以空格为分隔符
       $# -- 传统传参数量 ${$#}
       $* -- 表示所有的传参 ,所有的传参以字符串形式进行输出
       $@ -- 表示所有传参,将所有的传参以列表的形式进行输出
       【工作中要对所有的传参进行操作的时候,就要考虑$*和$@】

   定义变量格式:
       NAME = VALUE (一个等于叫赋值,两个等号叫判断)
       我们通过命令declare 定义变量类型
       declare -i a=10 int() str()
       declare -a 数组
   变量命令:
       1、下划线的方式指定变量名称
       2、驼峰命名方式

4、test文件测试、判断条件
   在脚本中,我们需要进行 语句分支;说白了,就是要做判断
   判断就是使用test命令来实现;
   使用格式:
       1、test [option] file
       2、[条件语句]
       【老师,什么时候加[ ]什么时候不加[ ]?】

   常见的test选项:
       比较选项:
            -eq 等于
            -ne 不等于
            -gt 大于
            -ge 大于等于
            -lt 小于
            -le 小于等于
       判断选项:
            -f 判断是否为普通文件
            -d 判断是否为目录文件
            -L 判断是否为链接文件
            -r -w -x 判断是否具有权限
       关联选项:
            -o 或
            -a 与
            ! 非

       字符串判断:
            = 判断两边的字符串相等
            != 不等于
            -z 判断字符串是否存在
            -n 和 -z 相反,存在为假,不存在为真


5、逻辑运算
   与 && :两边的命令,都为真,结果才为真
   或 || :两边的命令,一边为真,就是真,同时为假,才是假
   非 !=


   这个逻辑运算符,前后对接的都是单独存在的命令;

   [$? -eq 0] && exit 0 || exit 1

6、算术运算
   let 1 + 1
      let a=1+1
      echo $a

   expr 1 * 1
      expr 1*10
   $[$1+10]

      a=$[2+3]
      echo $a

   $(($1/$2))
      a=$((3/2))
      echo $a


   + - * / % **

 

陌生人加油吧:

  人生最怕的几个字就是“试试”、“等等”、“看看”“想想”最大的失败不是跌倒,而是从来不敢奔跑,没有勇气付出行动,去实现自己的梦想,如果没有去行动,永远不会发现,自己也可以创造奇迹!

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Origin www.cnblogs.com/zwl123456/p/11347874.html