The basic characteristics of the 01, bash the

# 1, command history 

    Effect: Commands used before the investigation 

    File on the command history

      Each user's home directory below .bash_history when the shutdown will automatically write-once (history -r command history will be written in the memory file)

    About command history variables (environment variables)

      Check the environment variable env //

      set // often see a more detailed environment variable parameter

      HISTSIZE = 1000 number

      HISTCONTROL = ignoredups ignored repeated commands

      

    Common operating history of

      View command history

      ! # # Indicates that the command value, execution of line #

      ! string matches a string of recent

      ! ! The previous command

      *! The last argument of the previous command $ *

            ls  /etc

            ls! $

            Esc+.

      Common options:

      -a 

      -d

      -c

      Recent history # # command line

# 2, command completion

    tab 

     1. Tip 2. autocomplete

      Extended: Tab \ t four spaces

# 3, directory completion

    tab

     1. Tip 2. autocomplete

# 4, the command expand --data command

    {}

    Linux directories need to follow any rules? - -FHS Listing Rules

Attribute Attribute 1 2 
 A    1 
 B    2 

mkdir -pv / var / {A, B} - {1,2}

    date command to create a directory based on date

            date +%F-%H:%M:%S     2019-08-06-22:29:08
            %F  CCYY-MM-dd
            %T   hh:MM:ss
            %D  mm/dd/YY
            %H  hh
            %M  MM
            %S   ss
            %Y   CCYY

        tar 
                compression tools     
                gzip 
                bZIP 
                the xz 
                zcat   // view compressed files without decompression 
                [compression can only compress the file, but can not operate on the directory] 
        common parameters of tar: 
                tar archiving tool can operate on [directory]
                 -j   bzip2 
                - the xz J
                 the -z   gzip 
                - c the Create
                 -x Extract   // can not know decompression tool 
                - f specify the filename
                 - v show Details
                 -t not view the contents and unpack zcat as

  # Exercise: to write scripts, 02:20 daily backups / etc / directory of all files named today's date; and save the file as a compressed file   

        crontab -- 20 2 * * * /root/xxx.sh
        vim xxx.sh
            #!/bin/bash
            #
            tar cJvf /var/`date +%F`.xz /etc/
        chmod +x xxx.sh
        
        补存:
            clock / hwclock   查看硬件始终(如果同步系统时钟与硬件时钟)
            cal  日历 

#5、命令的执行状态

    在Linux中,每一条命令执行后都会有俩个结果:1)命令本身放回的内容

                           2)其次,命令执行的结果状态

    $?  变量,就是用来存放命令执行状态的变量:0  表示成功状态(与Python正好相反)

                          1~255  表示失败状态

#6、命令的快捷键

            ctrl + l
            ctrl + c
            ctrl + u   //删除光标前的字符
            ctrl + k   //删除光标后的字符
            ctrl + a
            ctrl + e
            ctrl + w   //以空格为分隔符,去删除文件
            ctrl + r   //进入一个交互界面,搜索最近一次使用的命令(要输入string)        
                                                                      

#7、alias别名

    系统启动时读取一些特殊文件的顺序;

    

            alias cdnet="cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts"  //这种方式定义alias只能在当前shell生效;
            
            /etc/profile : 定义环境变量(所有用户)
            /etc/bashrc :定义本地变量-- alias(所有用户)
            ~/.bash_profile:定义环境变量(指定用户)
            ~/.bashrc:定义本地变量--alias(指定用户)
            
            sources /etc/profile  或者  . /etc/profile    生效修改内容

#8、文件通配符--globbing

    【文件通配符不是正则表达式】

    ?  任意单个字符

    *  任意长度的任意字符

    []  指定范围内的任意一个字符

        [0-9A-Za-z]

        [0-9][a-z][A-Z][a-zA-Z]

    指定字符类:

    

    

   [:alnum:]      匹配任意一个字母或数字
  [:alpha:]       匹配任意一个字母
  [:digit:]         匹配任意一个数字
  [:lower:]       匹配任意一个小写字母
  [:upper:]       匹配任意一个大写字母

    一般常用的匹配:

模式                     匹配对象
  *                    所有文件
  p*                  文件名以“p”开头的文件
  r*.txt               以”r” 开头,中间有零个或任意多个字符,并以”.txt” 结尾的文件
  Data???                   以“Data”开头,其后紧接着 3 个字符的文件
  [abc]*                     文件名以”a”,”b”, 或”c” 开头的文件
  BACKUP.[0-9][0-9][0-9]      以”BACKUP.” 开头,并紧接着 3 个数字的文件
  [[:upper:]]*            以大写字母开头的文件
  [![:digit:]]*            不以数字开头的文件
  *[[:lower:]123]       文件名以小写字母结尾,或以“1”,“2”,或“3”结尾的文件

 

  

 

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Origin www.cnblogs.com/cnxy168/p/11311612.html
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