What is AI? AI in the past to what extent? What are commendable milestone in artificial intelligence have in the past few years? 5 years, 20 years, 50 years or 100 years later, the AI will solve the problem? Artificial Intelligence the future look like?
The topic of artificial intelligence too numerous to mention, before exploring these topics, we might as well talk about the history of artificial intelligence.
Rosen's RUR
In 1920, the Czech writer Karel Capek • published a science fiction film called Rosen universal robot, also known as RUR. The play was introduced in "Robot" is the word. RUR background is a factory that creates an artificial man named robot. Today's robots with their different terminology, it is not representative of the modern concept of the robot. In RUR, the robot is a biological, more similar to the term cloned. RUR The robots first for human work, but then the robot rebellion, leading to human extinction.
Literature and cinema AI itself is a big topic. Examples of RUR AI should indicate the importance and influence on society.
• Alan Turing
• Alan Turing June 1912 23 born in London. It is well known in the scientific community Turing especially in mathematical logic and computer science, has made remarkable achievements, some of his scientific achievements, formed the basis of modern computer technology.
In a few years after the end of World War II, Turing introduced his well-known Turing test, which is trying to define a smart machine. The idea is being tested by the tester (a person and a machine) spaced apart from the case, the test subject is free to ask questions through a number of means (such as a keyboard). After several tests, if there are more than 30% of the test can not be tested to determine a person or a machine, then the machine passed the test, and are believed to have human intelligence.
Dartmouth Conference
In 1956, in the quiet town of Dartmouth College in the United States Luckysky from Carnegie Mellon University (CMU), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) researchers and IBM employees gathered around the conference a theme - machines to mimic human intelligence and other aspects of learning. The meeting lasted for two months, and finally they gave conference content has a name: Artificial Intelligence. Then co-founded AI research, so in 1956 the first year is also known as artificial intelligence.
"After 20 years, the machine will be able to complete any work that humans can do." - Herbert A. Simon (CMU)
"within a generation of ...... create problems 'design wisdom' will be basically resolved." - Marvin Minsky ( Massachusetts Institute of Technology)
, however, after all, in the 1960s. Over the next few years, the progress is very slow. Because do not realize the difficulty of the task, the promise is broken.
The first AI winter
In around 1974, due to over-optimistic idea and, later, there is no breakthrough, the US and British governments discontinued exploration ××× of artificial intelligence. After the enthusiasm faded, no one wants to finance research in artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence and propaganda interest also will be reduced. The next few years are called first AI winter.
expert system
In the first winter after AI, artificial intelligence return in the form of a so-called "expert system".
"Expert system is an intelligent computer program system, which contains a large number of internal experts in a certain level of knowledge and experience to take advantage of the knowledge of human experts to solve the problem and to deal with the problem areas." They mimic the expert in a particular branch press rules to solve the problem. Expert System There are two types of engines: the first is the knowledge base. Knowledge base contains relevant domain knowledge to solve problems. In a rule-based expert system, the knowledge is expressed by a set of rules. Having IF (condition) THEN (behavior) structure, when the condition of a rule are satisfied, the rule is triggered, then execution behavior. Followed by the inference engine, the inference engine performs inference, expert systems thus find a solution. The inference engine links to knowledge base rules and facts in the database.
Next AI will enter the second winter.
Due to space reasons, please read the follow-up article - AI development of the second winter
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