Three relationships variant foreign keys

Three relationships variant foreign keys

I. INTRODUCTION

Because there are foreign key constraints, making the two tables to form a relationship between the three:

  • Many-to
  • Many to many
  • One to One


Second, how to find out the relationship between the two tables

分析步骤:
#1、先站在左表的角度去找
是否左表的多条记录可以对应右表的一条记录,如果是,则证明左表的一个字段foreign key 右表一个字段(通常是id)

#2、再站在右表的角度去找
是否右表的多条记录可以对应左表的一条记录,如果是,则证明右表的一个字段foreign key 左表一个字段(通常是id)

#3、总结:
#多对一:
如果只有步骤1成立,则是左表多对一右表
如果只有步骤2成立,则是右表多对一左表

#多对多
如果步骤1和2同时成立,则证明这两张表时一个双向的多对一,即多对多,需要定义一个这两张表的关系表来专门存放二者的关系

#一对一:
如果1和2都不成立,而是左表的一条记录唯一对应右表的一条记录,反之亦然。这种情况很简单,就是在左表foreign key右表的基础上,将左表的外键字段设置成unique即可


Third, the three relationships table

  1. Books and Publishing

    Many (or many): a Press can publish books. Figure words.

    Associatively: foreign key


    create table publosher(
        id int primary key auto_increment,
        pname varchar(20)
    );
    
    create table book(
        id int primary key auto_increment,
        bname varchar(20),
        pub_id int not null,
        constraint fk_book_press foreign key(pub_id) references publisher(id)
        on delete cascade
        on update cascade
    );
    
    # 先往被关联表中插入记录
    insert into publisher(pname) values
    ('北京工业地雷出版社'),
    ('人民音乐不好听出版社'),
    ('知识产权没有用出版社')
    ;
    
    # 再往关联表中插入记录
    insert into book(name,pub_id) values
    ('九阳神功',1),
    ('九阴真经',2),
    ('九阴白骨爪',2),
    ('独孤九剑',3),
    ('降龙十巴掌',2),
    ('葵花宝典',3)
    ;
    
    查询结果:
    mysql> select * from book;
    +----+-----------------+----------+
    | id | bname            | pub_id |
    +----+-----------------+----------+
    |  1 | 九阳神功        |        1 |
    |  2 | 九阴真经        |        2 |
    |  3 | 九阴白骨爪      |        2 |
    |  4 | 独孤九剑        |        3 |
    |  5 | 降龙十巴掌      |        2 |
    |  6 | 葵花宝典        |        3 |
    +----+-----------------+----------+
    rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    mysql> select * from press;
    +----+--------------------------------+
    | id | pname                           |
    +----+--------------------------------+
    |  1 | 北京工业地雷出版社             |
    |  2 | 人民音乐不好听出版社           |
    |  3 | 知识产权没有用出版社           |
    +----+--------------------------------+
    rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    书和出版社(多对一)


  2. The relationship between authors and books

    多对多:一个作者可以写多本书,一本书也可以有多个作者,双向的一对多,即多对多。Figure words.

    Associatively: foreign key + a new table


    # 创建被关联表author表
    create table author(
        aid int primary key auto_increment,
        aname varchar(20)
    );
    
    # 创建被关联表book表
    create table book(
     bid int primary key auto_increment,
     bname varchar(20)
    )
    
    #这张表就存放了author表和book表的关系,即查询二者的关系查这表就可以了
    create table author2book(
        id int not null unique auto_increment,
        author_id int not null,
        book_id int not null,
        constraint fk_author foreign key(author_id) references author(aid)
        on delete cascade
        on update cascade,
        constraint fk_book foreign key(book_id) references book(bid)
        on delete cascade
        on update cascade,
        primary key(author_id,book_id)
    );
    #插入四个作者,id依次排开
    insert into author(aname) values('djb'),('oldniu'),('dogfa'),('cdj');
    
    # 每个作者的代表作
    djb: 九阳神功、九阴真经、九阴白骨爪、独孤九剑、降龙十巴掌、葵花宝典
    oldniu: 九阳神功、葵花宝典
    dogfa:独孤九剑、降龙十巴掌、葵花宝典
    cdj:九阳神功
    
    # 在author2book表中插入相应的数据
    
    insert into author2book(author_id,book_id) values
    (1,1),
    (1,2),
    (1,3),
    (1,4),
    (1,5),
    (1,6),
    (2,1),
    (2,6),
    (3,4),
    (3,5),
    (3,6),
    (4,1)
    ;
    # 现在就可以查author2book对应的作者和书的关系了
    mysql> select * from author2book;
    +----+-----------+---------+
    | id | author_id | book_id |
    +----+-----------+---------+
    |  1 |         1 |       1 |
    |  2 |         1 |       2 |
    |  3 |         1 |       3 |
    |  4 |         1 |       4 |
    |  5 |         1 |       5 |
    |  6 |         1 |       6 |
    |  7 |         2 |       1 |
    |  8 |         2 |       6 |
    |  9 |         3 |       4 |
    | 10 |         3 |       5 |
    | 11 |         3 |       6 |
    | 12 |         4 |       1 |
    +----+-----------+---------+
    rows in set (0.00 sec)
    
    作者与书籍关系(多对多)


  3. Users and blog

    One: a user can only sign up for a blog that one to one relationship. Figure words
    related way: foreign key + unique


    #例如: 一个用户只能注册一个博客
    
    #两张表: 用户表 (user)和 博客表(blog)
    # 创建用户表
    create table user(
        uid int primary key auto_increment,
        uname varchar(20)
    );
    # 创建博客表
    create table blog(
        bid int primary key auto_increment,
        url varchar(100),
        user_id int unique,
        constraint fk_user foreign key(user_id) references user(uid)
        on delete cascade
        on update cascade
    );
    #插入用户表中的记录
    insert into user(uname) values
    ('djb'),
    ('oldniu'),
    ('dogfa'),
    ('cdj')
    ;
    # 插入博客表的记录
    insert into blog(url,user_id) values
    ('http://www.cnblog/djb',1),
    ('http://www.cnblog/oldniu',2),
    ('http://www.cnblog/dogfa',3),
    ('http://www.cnblog/cdj',4)
    ;
    # 查询wusir的博客地址
    select url from blog where user_id=2;
    
    用户和博客(一对一)



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Origin www.cnblogs.com/wangyueping/p/11254371.html