1.rsync Service Introduction
1.1rsync Profile
属于一款实现全量及增量复制同步的软件工具1.2rsync seven characteristics
支持拷贝普通文件与特殊文件如链接文件，设备等
支持排除指定文件或目录同步的功能，类似tar命令排除功能。
支持保持原文件或目录的所有属性信息不变
支持增量同步，既只同步变化数据，提升数据传输效率
支持使用rcp,rsh,ssh等方式来配合进行隧道加密传输文件
支持使用通过socket(守护进程方式)传输文件或目录数据信息
支持用户认证方式传输数据，提升数据同步安全性1.3Rsync synchronous data replication principle
在同步备份数据时，默认情况下，Rsync通过其独特的“quick check”算法。
它仅同步大小或者最后修改时间发生变化的文件或目录。
当然也可根据权限，属主等属性的变化同步，但需要指定相应的参数。
甚至可以实现只同步一个文件里有变化的内容部分。
所以可以实现快速的同步备份数据，即采用增量复制方法对数据信息进行同步。
与传统cp,scp拷贝工具的全量拷贝复制截然不同，增量同步复制数据，在效率上远远高于全量复制。Simple application of 2.rsync
2.1rsync == cp
[root@backup ~]# # rsync == cp效果
[root@backup ~]# cp -a /etc/hosts /tmp/
[root@backup ~]# ll /tmp/
total 4
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 352 Jan 27 01:15 hosts
[root@backup ~]# rsync -a /etc/sysconfig/network /tmp/
[root@backup ~]# ll /tmp/
total 8
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 352 Jan 27 01:15 hosts
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 31 Jan 26 18:16 network2.2rsync == scp
说明：同步数据时，/tmp/目录后有/信息，表示将目录下面的数据内容进行备份同步
同步数据时，/tmp目录后没有/信息，表示将目录及目录下面的数据内容进行备份同步
[root@backup ~]# scp -rp /tmp/ 172.16.1.31:/tmp/
The authenticity of host '172.16.1.31 (172.16.1.31)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is 5b:9b:e6:79:a9:95:4f:be:06:41:e3:bb:7a:12:ee:b4.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no)? yes
Warning: Permanently added '172.16.1.31' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
[email protected]'s password:
network 100% 31 0.0KB/s 00:00
hosts 100% 352 0.3KB/s 00:00
[root@backup ~]# ll /tmp/
total 8
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 352 Jan 27 01:15 hosts
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 31 Jan 26 18:16 network
[root@backup ~]# rsync -rp /tmp/ 172.16.1.31:/tmp/
[email protected]'s password:
[root@backup ~]# 2.3rsync == rm
说明：rsync实现删除目录中数据内容过程，就将一个空目录和一个有数据的目录进行同步
最终，会将有数据的目录中的文件进行清空
[root@backup ~]# mkdir /null
[root@backup ~]# rsync --delete /null/ /tmp/
rsync: --delete does not work without -r or -d.
rsync error: syntax or usage error (code 1) at main.c(1422) [client=3.0.6]
[root@backup ~]#
[root@backup ~]# rsync -r --delete /null/ /tmp/
[root@backup ~]# ll /tmp/
total 02.4rsync == ls
[root@backup ~]# ls /etc/hosts
/etc/hosts
[root@backup ~]# ls -l /etc/hosts
-rw-r--r--. 2 root root 352 Jan 27 01:15 /etc/hosts
[root@backup ~]# rsync /etc/hosts
-rw-r--r-- 352 2018/01/27 01:15:59 hosts3.rsync works
3.1 local data backup
Local: rsync [OPTION...] SRC... [DEST]
rsync --- 数据备份传输命令
option --- 可以输入一下和rsync传输数据有关的参数
src --- 要进行备份的数据（文件/目录）
dest --- 将数据信息备份到什么位置（相应路径中）
实践练习：
[root@backup ~]# rsync -a /etc/hosts /tmp/ok.txt
[root@backup ~]# ll /tmp/ok.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 352 Jan 27 01:15 /tmp/ok.txt3.2 remote data backup
Access via remote shell:
Pull: rsync [OPTION...] [USER@]HOST:SRC... [DEST]
Push: rsync [OPTION...] SRC... [USER@]HOST:DEST
pull方式语法说明：
rsync --- 数据备份传输命令
option --- 可以输入一下和rsync传输数据有关的参数
[USER@]HOST: --- 需要指定以什么用户身份登录到远程主机，
如果省略USER信息，表示以当前用户身份进行登录
登录主机地址或域名信息
SRC --- 指定远程主机要传输过来到本地的数据信息
dest --- 将数据保存到本地的什么路径中
push方式语法说明：
rsync --- 数据备份传输命令
option --- 可以输入一下和rsync传输数据有关的参数
[USER@]HOST: --- 需要指定以什么用户身份登录到远程主机，
如果省略USER信息，表示以当前用户身份进行登录
登录主机地址或域名信息
SRC --- 指定本地主机要传输到远程主机的数据
dest --- 将本地数据保存到远端的什么路径中
[root@backup oldboy]# rsync -r [email protected]:/oldboy/ /oldboy/
[email protected] s password:
[root@backup oldboy]# ll
total 20
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 352 Mar 22 2019 hosts
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 26 Mar 7 17:10 test.data
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 26 Mar 7 17:10 test.data.bak
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 20 Mar 7 17:10 test.log
drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 4096 Mar 7 17:10 tmp
[root@backup oldboy]# rsync -r /oldboy/tmp [email protected]:/oldboy/
[email protected] s password: 3.3 daemon Transfer Mode
Access via rsync daemon:
Pull: rsync [OPTION...] [USER@]HOST::SRC... [DEST]
rsync [OPTION...] rsync://[USER@]HOST[:PORT]/SRC... [DEST]
Push: rsync [OPTION...] SRC... [USER@]HOST::DEST
rsync [OPTION...] SRC... rsync://[USER@]HOST[:PORT]/DEST
pull：rsync [OPTION...] [USER@]HOST::SRC... [DEST]
[USER@]HOST:: --- 指定远程连接的认证用户
SRC --- 指定相应的模块信息
[DEST] --- 将远程数据保存到本地的路径信息
Push: rsync [OPTION...] SRC... [USER@]HOST::DEST
[USER@]HOST:: --- 指定远程连接的认证用户
SRC --- 指定本地要进行推送的数据信息
[DEST] --- 远程进行保存数据的模块信息4.rsync daemon deployment process
4.1 server deployment process
第一里程：检查软件是否安装
[root@backup ~]# rpm -qa rsync
rsync-3.0.6-12.el6.x86_64
第二里程：编写配置文件
[root@backup ~]# vim /etc/rsyncd.conf
#rsync_config
#created by HQ at 2017
##rsyncd.conf start##
uid = rsync
gid = rsync
use chroot = no
max connections = 200
timeout = 300
pid file = /var/run/rsyncd.pid
lock file = /var/run/rsync.lock
log file = /var/log/rsyncd.log
ignore errors
read only = false
list = false
hosts allow = 172.16.1.0/24
hosts deny = 0.0.0.0/32
auth users = rsync_backup
secrets file = /etc/rsync.password
[backup]
comment = "backup dir by oldboy"
path = /backup
read only = false
[nfs]
comment = "backup dir by oldboy"
path = /nfs
注意：
read only = true的时候，客户端是不能把文件同步到服务端的
[root@nfs01 ~]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::backup --password-file=/etc/rsync.password
sending incremental file list
ERROR: module is read only
rsync error: syntax or usage error (code 1) at main.c(866) [receiver=3.0.6]
rsync: read error: Connection reset by peer (104)
rsync error: error in rsync protocol data stream (code 12) at io.c(759) [sender=3.0.6]
模块中的参数只对单个模块生效，外面的参数对整个环境有效
第三个里程：创建备份目录管理用户
[root@backup ~]# useradd rsync -M -s /sbin/nologin
第四个里程：创建备份目录
[root@backup ~]# mkdir /backup
[root@backup ~]# chown -R rsync.rsync /backup
第五个里程：创建认证文件
[root@backup ~]# echo "rsync_backup:oldboy123" >>/etc/rsync.password
[root@backup ~]# chmod 600 /etc/rsync.password
第六个里程：启动rsync服务
[root@backup ~]# rsync --daemon
[root@backup ~]# ps -ef|grep rsync
root 2832 1 0 21:13 ? 00:00:00 rsync --daemon
root 2834 2759 0 21:13 pts/0 00:00:00 grep rsync
扩展说明：rsync启动服务扩展参数
--port 指定rsync服务端口号信息，默认是873
--config=/etc/rsyncd.conf 指定识别的rsync服务配置文件信息4.2 client deployment process
第一个里程：确认软件是否安装
[root@nfs01 tmp]#rpm -qa rsync
rsync-3.0.6-12.el6.x86_64
第二个里程：创建认证密码文件
[root@nfs01 tmp]#echo "oldboy123" >>/etc/rsync.password
[root@nfs01 tmp]#chmod 600 /etc/rsync.password
第三个里程：进行数据备份测试/etc/hosts
[email protected]::backup其中backup为/etc/rsyncd.conf中的模块名
[root@nfs01 tmp]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::backup --password-file=/etc/rsync.password
sending incremental file list
hosts
sent 189 bytes received 27 bytes 432.00 bytes/sec
total size is 352 speedup is 1.63
5.rsync parameters introduced
6. server configuration Parameter Description
7. Common error
7.1rsync server open iptables firewall
【客户端的错误】
No route to host
【错误演示过程】
[root@nfs01 tmp]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::backup
rsync: failed to connect to 172.16.1.41: No route to host (113)
rsync error: error in socket IO (code 10) at clientserver.c(124) [sender=3.0.6]
【异常问题解决】
关闭rsync服务端的防火墙服务（iptables）
[root@backup mnt]# /etc/init.d/iptables stop
iptables: Setting chains to policy ACCEPT: filter [ OK ]
iptables: Flushing firewall rules: [ OK ]
iptables: Unloading modules: [ OK ]
[root@backup mnt]# /etc/init.d/iptables status
iptables: Firewall is not running.7.2rsync client performs rsync command error
【客户端的错误】
The remote path must start with a module name not a /
【错误演示过程】
[root@nfs01 tmp]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::/backup
ERROR: The remote path must start with a module name not a /
rsync error: error starting client-server protocol (code 5) at main.c(1503) [sender=3.0.6]
【异常问题解决】
rsync命令语法理解错误，::/backup是错误的语法，应该为::backup(rsync模块)7.3rsync service user authentication failed *****
【客户端的错误】
auth failed on module oldboy
【错误演示过程】
[root@nfs01 tmp]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::backup
Password:
@ERROR: auth failed on module backup
rsync error: error starting client-server protocol (code 5) at main.c(1503) [sender=3.0.6]
【异常问题解决】
1. 密码真的输入错误，用户名真的错误
2. secrets file = /etc/rsync.password指定的密码文件和实际密码文件名称不一致
3. /etc/rsync.password文件权限不是600
4. rsync_backup:123456密码配置文件后面注意不要有空格
5. rsync客户端密码文件中只输入密码信息即可，不要输入虚拟认证用户名称7.4rsync Service Location module error
【客户端的错误】
Unknown module 'backup'
【错误演示过程】
[root@nfs01 tmp]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::backup
@ERROR: Unknown module 'backup'
rsync error: error starting client-server protocol (code 5) at main.c(1503) [sender=3.0.6]
【异常问题解决】
1. /etc/rsyncd.conf配置文件模块名称书写错误7.5rsync service permissions prevent problems
【客户端的错误】
Permission denied
【错误演示过程】
[root@nfs01 tmp]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::backup
Password:
sending incremental file list
hosts
rsync: mkstemp ".hosts.5z3AOA" (in backup) failed: Permission denied (13)
sent 196 bytes received 27 bytes 63.71 bytes/sec
total size is 349 speedup is 1.57
rsync error: some files/attrs were not transferred (see previous errors) (code 23) at main.c(1039) [sender=3.0.6]
【异常问题解决】
1. 备份目录的属主和属组不正确，不是rsync
2. 备份目录的权限不正确，不是7557.6rsync abnormal backup directory service
【客户端的错误】
chdir failed
【错误演示过程】
[root@nfs01 tmp]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::backup
Password:
@ERROR: chdir failed
rsync error: error starting client-server protocol (code 5) at main.c(1503) [sender=3.0.6]
【异常问题解决】
1. 备份存储目录没有建立
2. 建立的备份存储目录和配置文件定义不一致
说明：如果没有备份存储目录7.7rsync service invalid user information
【客户端的错误】
invalid uid rsync
【错误演示过程】
[root@nfs01 tmp]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::backup
Password:
@ERROR: invalid uid rsync
rsync error: error starting client-server protocol (code 5) at main.c(1503) [sender=3.0.6]
【异常问题解决】
rsync服务对应rsync虚拟用户不存在了7.8 The client has been configured password file, but avoid secret key login, still you need to enter a password
【客户端的错误】
password file must not be other-accessible
【错误演示过程】
[root@nfs01 tmp]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::backup --password-file=/etc/rsync.password
password file must not be other-accessible
continuing without password file
Password:
sending incremental file list
sent 26 bytes received 8 bytes 5.23 bytes/sec
total size is 349 speedup is 10.26
【异常问题解决】
rsync客户端的秘钥文件也必须是600权限7.9rsync slow client connection issues
```IP === 域名 反向DNS解析
【错误日志信息】
错误日志输出
2017/03/08 20:14:43 [3422] params.c:Parameter() - Ignoring badly formed line in configuration file: ignore errors
2017/03/08 20:14:43 [3422] name lookup failed for 172.16.1.31: Name or service not known
2017/03/08 20:14:43 [3422] connect from UNKNOWN (172.16.1.31)
2017/03/08 20:14:43 [3422] rsync to backup/ from rsync_backup@unknown (172.16.1.31)
2017/03/08 20:14:43 [3422] receiving file list
2017/03/08 20:14:43 [3422] sent 76 bytes received 83 bytes total size 349
正确日志输出
2017/03/08 20:16:45 [3443] params.c:Parameter() - Ignoring badly formed line in configuration file: ignore errors
2017/03/08 20:16:45 [3443] connect from nfs02 (172.16.1.31)
2017/03/08 20:16:45 [3443] rsync to backup/ from rsync_backup@nfs02 (172.16.1.31)
2017/03/08 20:16:45 [3443] receiving file list
2017/03/08 20:16:45 [3443] sent 76 bytes received 83 bytes total size 349
【异常问题解决】
查看日志进行分析，编写rsync服务端hosts解析文件
IP === 域名 反向DNS解析
【错误日志信息】
错误日志输出
2017/03/08 20:14:43 [3422] params.c:Parameter() - Ignoring badly formed line in configuration file: ignore errors
2017/03/08 20:14:43 [3422] name lookup failed for 172.16.1.31: Name or service not known
2017/03/08 20:14:43 [3422] connect from UNKNOWN (172.16.1.31)
2017/03/08 20:14:43 [3422] rsync to backup/ from rsync_backup@unknown (172.16.1.31)
2017/03/08 20:14:43 [3422] receiving file list
2017/03/08 20:14:43 [3422] sent 76 bytes received 83 bytes total size 349
正确日志输出
2017/03/08 20:16:45 [3443] params.c:Parameter() - Ignoring badly formed line in configuration file: ignore errors
2017/03/08 20:16:45 [3443] connect from nfs02 (172.16.1.31)
2017/03/08 20:16:45 [3443] rsync to backup/ from rsync_backup@nfs02 (172.16.1.31)
2017/03/08 20:16:45 [3443] receiving file list
2017/03/08 20:16:45 [3443] sent 76 bytes received 83 bytes total size 349
【异常问题解决】
查看日志进行分析，编写rsync服务端hosts解析文件
## 7.10rsync服务没有正确启动【错误日志信息】
Connection refused (111)
【错误演示过程】
[root@oldboy-muban ~]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::backup
rsync: failed to connect to 172.16.1.41: Connection refused (111)
rsync error: error in socket IO (code 10) at clientserver.c(124) [sender=3.0.6]
【异常问题解决】
[root@oldboy-muban ~]# rsync --daemon
[root@oldboy-muban ~]# ss -lntup |grep rsync
tcp LISTEN 0 5 :::873 ::: users:(("rsync",1434,5))
tcp LISTEN 0 5 :873 : users:(("rsync",1434,4))
[root@oldboy-muban ~]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts [email protected]::backup
Password:
sending incremental file list
hosts
sent 196 bytes received 27 bytes 49.56 bytes/sec
total size is 349 speedup is 1.57
# 8.扩展功能
## 8.1守护进程多模块功能配置第一步：修改配置文件
vim /etc/rsyncd.conf
[backup01]
comment = "backup dir by oldboy"
path = /backup
[backup02]
comment = "backup dir by oldboy"
path = /backup02
第二步：创建多模块目录
mkdir /backup02
chown -R rsync.rsync /backup02
第三步：重启服务程序
killall rsync
rsync --daemon
第四步：进行测试检查
## 8.2守护进程的排除功能实践[root@nfs01 ~]# mkdir /test_dir
[root@nfs01 ~]# cd /test_dir/
[root@nfs01 test_dir]# touch {a..d}
[root@nfs01 test_dir]# ll
total 0
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 7 23:07 a
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 7 23:07 b
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 7 23:07 c
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Mar 7 23:07 d
第一种数据备份排除方式：--exclude
rsync -avz /test_dir/ --exclude=b --exclude=d [email protected]::backup01 --password-file=/etc/rsync.password
rsync -avz /test_dir/ --exclude={b,d} [email protected]::backup01 --password-file=/etc/rsync.password
rsync -avz /test_dir/ --exclude={b..d} [email protected]::backup01 --password-file=/etc/rsync.password
第二种数据备份排除方式：--exclude-from=file
rsync -avz /test_dir/ --exclude-from=./exclude_file.txt [email protected]::backup01 --password-file=/etc/rsync.password
cat exclude_file.txt
a
b
注意：排除的文件名书写的是相对路径
## 8.3守护进程来创建备份目录客户端同步命令
[root@nfs01 test_dir]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts --exclude-from=./exclude_file.txt [email protected]::backup01/sa/ --password-file=/etc/rsync.password
[root@nfs01 test_dir]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts --exclude-from=./exclude_file.txt [email protected]::backup01/dev/ --password-file=/etc/rsync.password
[root@nfs01 test_dir]# rsync -avz /etc/hosts --exclude-from=./exclude_file.txt [email protected]::backup01/dba/ --password-file=/etc/rsync.password
服务端查看
[root@backup backup01]# ll
total 12
drwxr-xr-x 2 rsync rsync 4096 Mar 7 23:09 dev
drwxr-xr-x 2 rsync rsync 4096 Mar 7 23:09 sa
[root@backup backup01]# cd sa/
[root@backup sa]# ll
total 4
-rw-r--r-- 1 rsync rsync 0 Mar 7 23:07 b
-rw-r--r-- 1 rsync rsync 0 Mar 7 23:07 c
-rw-r--r-- 1 rsync rsync 0 Mar 7 23:07 d
-rw-r--r-- 1 rsync rsync 3 Mar 7 23:09 exclude_file.txt
## 8.4守护进程的访问控制配置三种情况：
- 只有白名单，白名单网段或主机信息允许。其余阻止
- 只有黑名单，黑名单网段或主机信息阻止，其余允许
- 有黑名单也要白名单，白名单网段或主机信息允许，黑名单网段或主机信息阻止，其余允许
建议只选择前两种方式配置
hosts allow = 172.16.1.0/24
hosts deny = 0.0.0./32 ## 8.5守护进程无差异同步配置我有的，你也有；我没有的，你也不能有
rsync -avz /test_dir/ --delete [email protected]::backup01 --password-file=/etc/rsync.password
说明：一定要谨慎使用，否则可能会清空备份目录；
如果要快速清空目录数据，也可以使用无差异同步清空## 8.6守护进程的列表功能配置list = true
: Indicates whether to display a list of all modules rsync server information
[root @ nfs01 test_dir] # rsync [email protected] ::
backup01 "Backup dir by Oldboy"
backup02 "Backup dir by Oldboy"
is false does not display
[ root @ nfs01 test_dir] # rsync [email protected] ::