Following 2019.7.30
II. Operating System Introduction
2. Operating System structure:
| ---- Applications
Hardware --kernel (kernel) ---- |
With system call
| ---- library file - a normal process (rather special: shell interaction (for managers and systems))
3. The operating system development history
To achieve batch processing, Bell Labs, GE common, Massachusetts Institute of Technology to develop a Mutices (multitasking) operating system ---- |
Hou Beier Laboratory and the Massachusetts withdraw from the project, Bell Labs, a young scientist Ken • Thompson has developed its first operating system Unix (assembly language) ---- |
In 1973, Ken and colleagues developed the C language, the C language rewrite of the Unix system ----------------------------- ---- |
After Ken to the University of California, Berkeley, and students to collaborate on a BSD system. Unix, BSD while sales for copyright issues, the 10-year dispute.
------------------ development of the past 10 years |
——————————————————————————————————————
| |
Microsoft developed because of US antitrust laws, AT & T companies are split, Unix source code is provided free of charge
|
|——————————|——————————|
IBM SUN HP three companies to develop
Developed AIX SUNOS HP-Unix three most common minicomputer operating system
| |
In 1987, the Dutch professor at the University wrote minix system after 1980, Richard Stallman launched the GNU project
| Is an open source originator
In 1991, students linus in minix developed on the basis of its first Linux operating system (developed only kernel kernel) |
|———————————————————————————————|
|
The emergence of GNU / Linux operating system
4. Kernel version of the problem with the GNU / Linux system
Kernel version: kernel
GNU / Linux version: publisher version - Red Hat, debian ----- Ubuntu
Common Publisher version:
redhad (service charge), centos (no charge), fedore (new program to try again), openSUSE (Europe used more), debian (safety), Ubuntu (Desktop)
Domestic: unicorn, red
The open system (3)
GNU (GNU is NOT Unix), also known as the GNU Project: The commercial version of the open source software program is a program, follow the GPL agreement.
GPL agreement: If you use the open-source GNU software code defined in a plan, it must be all the code corresponding open source.
Apache (itself a website started doing community) - Hadoop project after 2000, becoming the top-level project of the Apache project.
BSD (Berkeley Software Suite) is a Unix-derived systems.
Three .Linux installation
1. Install
Installation:
The operating system is installed directly on the hardware device (not recommended)
Use VMM management platform installation (ie, virtual machines the way)
VMM management platform: VMware workstations; Virtualbox
Installation order:
Choose language; selected keyboard; selected time zone; write the host name; define the root (superuser) password; dividing up the disk space (three partitions must be divided): / boot partition; swap partition; / partition
2. Take a snapshot: a system error, the reply to the initial state
Four .Linux commonly used commands
1. commonly used commands
ls (list) - View the current file information; pwd (print work directory) - view the current path; touch-- modification timestamps;
stat (atime, ctime, mtime): ctime-- file attribute modification time, time, time atime-- access to the file, mtime-- modify the contents of the file;
mkdir-- Create a folder (ie, directory); rm (remove) - delete files; clear-- clear screen (or ctrl + L)