webdriver

First, open the browser chrome

1. Install the chrome browser

2. Drive the download control chrome

and chromedriver chrome version of the correspondence and Download
https://blog.csdn.net/huilan_same/article/details/51896672

Storage path:
/ project name /src/main/resources/selenium/driver/chromedriver.exe

3. Download selenium jar package

Add pom.xml dependency

<project>
    <dependencies>
        <!--selenium框架 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId> <artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId> <version>2.50.0</version> </dependency> <!--testNG测试框架 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.testng</groupId> <artifactId>testng</artifactId> <version>6.8</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project> 

4. New java class, start a browser

Since writing class -> selenium -> chromedriver.exe -> chrome browser

        //此处src前面没有"/"，说明是相对工程根目录的路径
        System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
        "src/main/resources/selenium/driver/chromedriver.exe");
        WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

If you want to maximize the window, first set the parameters passed at boot time

        //设置环境变量，指定chromedriver的路径
        System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver",
                "src/main/resources/selenium/driver_v236_63_65/chromedriver.exe");
        
        //设置浏览器的参数
        ChromeOptions options = new ChromeOptions(); //最大化浏览器 options.addArguments("--test-type", "--start-maximized"); //指定浏览器位置 //options.setBinary("C:/XXXXXXX/chrome.exe"); //打开浏览器 WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(options); 

Common causes of error:

1. Browser version inconsistencies and chromedriver
2. Firewall preventing access chrome browser, turn off the firewall

5. Close the browser

        //先线程休眠3秒，便于观察，然后才关闭，不然启动就关闭像闪退
        try {
            Thread.sleep(3000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } //关闭浏览器，driver.close()是关闭当前窗口 driver.quit(); 

sleep () method:

    public static void sleep(int millis) { try { Thread.sleep(millis); } catch (InterruptedException e) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e.printStackTrace(); } } 

Second, the address bar and navigation (forward, back, refresh)

1. get () method to open

        driver.get("http://www.baidu.com");

2. navigate (). To () opens

driver.navigate().to("http://www.dangdang.com");

3. navigate navigation

        // 1. 先打开一个界面
        driver.navigate().to("http://www.baidu.com");

        //2. to()方法再打开另一个界面
        driver.navigate().to("http://www.dangdang.com");
        sleep(2000); //3. back()回退 driver.navigate().back(); sleep(2000); //4. forward()前进 driver.navigate().forward(); sleep(2000); //5. refresh()刷新 driver.navigate().refresh(); 

Three, four common way to position elements

Element contains information about:

1. label
2. Attributes
3. content
4. position

1. Press id attribute positioning element

        WebElement alertButton = driver.findElement(By.id("alertButtonId"));

2. Location attribute name element

        WebElement alertButton = driver.findElement(By.name("alertButtonName"));

3. class positioning element

        WebElement buttons = driver.findElements(By.className("alertButtonClass"));

4. Use targeting xpath

1) the object of automated processing: tag (also called element)

java	html
WebElement element class	Tag (e.g., html, body, head, table, input, tr, alert pop-up box and the like)

2) Label

1. Label name
2. Property of the label
   • In order to locate the tag attributes: id, name, class, type
   • To attribute to generate the interaction effect: triggering event, the method to be executed after the trigger can be specified
3. To identify the data: the data tags are described for

2) xpath: Select html tags

symbol	use	Examples
/	Absolute path	/html/body/table/tbody/tr/td/input
//	relative path	//body/table//input
Label name	All html tags	//input
[]	Conditions defining t	//input[@id='xxxid' and @type='button']
digital	Designated to match the first few	//input[3]
@ Attribute name = attribute value	Property conditions defined by
function()	Function defined by condition
and/or	A plurality of connection conditions

WebElement alertButton = driver.findElement(
            By.xpath("//input[@id='alertButtonId' and @type='button']"));

Basic operation four common elements

0.5 Interface Template

<html>
    <head>
        <title>导航栏</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> </head> <body> xxxxxx替换元素代码xxxxxxx </body> </html> 

1. text text box

interface:

<input type="text" name="edit" id="edit" value="" /> 

Automation Code

sendkeys () transfer content to fill

        WebElement text=
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@type='text' and @id='edit']"));
        text.clear();
        text.sendKeys("傻不傻？傻！");

2. file upload file

interface:

<input type="file" name="attach[]" /> 

Automation Code

Find the elements, sendkeys () transfer a file path

        WebElement input=
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@type='file' and @name='attach[]']"));
        input.clear();
        input.sendKeys("C:/HtmlWeb/selenium/html_00_summary.html");

3. radio radio button

interface:

<input type='radio' name="company" value='Baidu' /> <label>百度</label> <br/> <input type='radio' name="company" value="AliBaBa"/> <label>阿里巴巴</label><br/> <input type='radio' name="company" value='Tencent' checked /><label>腾讯</label><br/> <input type='radio' name="company" value='Mi' /> <label>小米</label> 

Automation Code

input element type is raidio, the same name composed of multiple radio types of input options, distinguished by value

Select a specific option and select:

        WebElement radio=
        driver.findElement(
                By.xpath("//input[@type='radio' and @name='company' and @value='Mi']"));
        radio.click();

All options point again:

        List<WebElement> radios=
        driver.findElements(By.xpath("//input[@type='radio' and @name='company']"));
        for(int i=0;i<radios.size();i++){
            WebElement item=radios.get(i);
            sleep(1000); } 

4. checkbox checkbox

interface:

<input type="checkbox" name="course" value="web" /><label>网络</label><br /> <input type="checkbox" name="course" value="training" /><label>培训</label><br /> <input type="checkbox" name="course" value="friend" /><label>朋友介绍</label><br /> <input type="checkbox" name="course" value="other" /><label>其他方式</label> 

Automation Code

input element type is checkbox, the same name composed of multiple checkbox type of input options, distinguished by value

Select a specific one of the options, and select:

        WebElement checkbox=
        driver.findElement(
                By.xpath("//input[@type='checkbox' and @name='course' and @value='web']"));
        checkbox.click();

All options are checked:

        List<WebElement> checkboxs=
        driver.findElements(
                By.xpath("//input[@type='checkbox' and @name='course']"));
        for(int i=0;i<checkboxs.size();i++){
            WebElement item=checkboxs.get(i);
            item.click();
            sleep(1000); } 

5. Time Control

interface:

<input type="date" name="startTime"> 

Automation Code

JavaScript code to write, then the driver by performing js
js is of a read-only attribute removed (if not set the read-only time is not needed)
js second sentence elements to the set time value attribute value of "2018-04 -10 "

String js="document.getElementsByName('startTime')[0].removeAttribute('readOnly');document.getElementsByName('startTime')[0].setAttribute('value','2018-04-10');";
        JavascriptExecutor jsDriver = (JavascriptExecutor) driver;
        jsDriver.executeScript(js);

6. button button

interface:

<input type="button" name="promptbutton" value="测试prompt对话框" onclick="confirm('确定提交吗？');" /> 

Automation Code

Find the elements, click () Click

        WebElement button=
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@type='button' and @id='alertButtonId']"));
        button.click();
        Alert alert=driver.switchTo().alert();
        alert.accept();

7. text field

interface:

Multi-line input box multiple columns

<textarea rows="3" ></textarea> 

Automation Code

        WebElement textarea=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//textarea[@rows='3']"));
textarea.clear();
textarea.sendKeys（“内容”）;

8. img pictures

interface:

Clickable image, is the outside layer <a> hyperlinks, just replace the text with a picture
of automated testing, when you want to locate a hyperlink is <a>

<a id='imgA'>
  <img src="xxxx"> </a> 

Automation Code

1. <a> label positioning
2. Click on

        WebElement img=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[@id='imgA']"));
        img.click();

7. select selection box

interface:

select tag: define a drop-down box
option option: Define an option, a drop-down box can have many options, i.e., a plurality of option
. 3 for option attributes: index (option number, automatically add the default), the value of the option value, visibleText show text

<select id="Selector">
        <option value="apple" >苹果</option> <option value="peach" >桃子</option> <option value="banana" >香蕉</option> <option value="orange">桔子</option> <option value="grape" >葡萄</option> <option value="mango" >芒果</option> </select> 

Automation Code

1. Go first to select the tab
2. Find option tab and select
   • Select the select tag to the object packaged (encapsulated find the option select all of the following operations)
   • By value, showing text, numbers

        WebElement selectEle=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//select[@id='Selector']"));
        Select select=new Select(selectEle);
        select.selectByIndex(0);
        sleep(1000);
        select.selectByValue("banana"); sleep(1000); select.selectByVisibleText("桔子"); sleep(1000); 

8. a hyperlink

interface:

<a href="http://www.guoyasoft.com">Copyright 2017 guoyasoft</a> 

Automation Code

Positioning hyperlinks 3 methods:

1. Using xpath

WebElement link=
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[@href='http://www.guoyasoft.com']"));

2. Use linkText: according to the text of the link an exact match

WebElement link=driver.findElement(By.linkText("Copyright 2017 guoyasoft"));

3. Use partialLinkText: Press text link fuzzy matching

WebElement baike=driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("guoyasoft"));

Click three kinds: 1, the current interface is open; 2, a new tab is opened; a new window opens

Click on: Open the current interface

        WebElement link=
        driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[@href='http://www.guoyasoft.com']"));
        link.click();

ctrl + shift + click: current browser to open a new tab

        Actions actions=new Actions(driver);
        actions.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).click(link).perform();

shift + click: Open a new window (open a new browser)

        Actions actions=new Actions(driver);
        actions.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).click(link).perform();

Five, alert frame switching

interface:

            <tr>
                <td>prompt对话框</td> <td><input type="button" name="promptbutton" value="测试prompt对话框" onclick="clickbutton();" /></td> </tr> 

javascript:

    function clickbutton() {
            var name = prompt("测试prompt对话框", ""); if (name != null && name != "") { //document.write(name); alert(name); } } 

Automation Code

       WebElement clickOnPrompt = driver.findElement(By
               .xpath("//td/input[@name='promptbutton']"));
       clickOnPrompt.click();
               try {
           Thread.sleep(2000);
       } catch (InterruptedException e) {
           e.printStackTrace();
       }   
       Alert prompt = driver.switchTo().alert();
               try { Thread.sleep(2000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } prompt.sendKeys("I love Selenium"); prompt.accept(); try { Thread.sleep(2000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } Alert afterAccept = driver.switchTo().alert(); afterAccept.accept(); try { Thread.sleep(2000); } catch (InterruptedException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } 

Sixth, window switch

interface:

            <tr>
                <td>超链接</td> <td> <div> <a id="link_baidu" href="https://www.baidu.com">百度</a> </div> <div> <a id="link_jd" href="https://www.JD.com">京东</a> </div> <div> <a id="link_dangdang" href="http://www.dangdang.com/">当当</a> </div> </td> </tr> 

Automation Code

Core code:

1. driver.getWindowHandle () to get the current window handle
2. driver.getWindowHandles () Gets the browser window handles all
3. driver.switchTo (). windows (object handle)
4. The title of the selected window are judged correct (first handover control, then check KEYWORDS)

    public static void switchToWindow(String windowTitle, WebDriver dr) {
        // 将页面上所有的windowshandle放在入set集合当中
        String currentHandle = dr.getWindowHandle(); Set<String> handles = dr.getWindowHandles(); for (String s : handles) { dr.switchTo().window(s); // 判断title是否和handles当前的窗口相同 if (dr.getTitle().contains(windowTitle)) { break;// 如果找到当前窗口就停止查找 } } } 

Practice Test:

1. Open the test interface
2. Jingdong open, cut back to the original window
3. Open Baidu, cut back to the original window
4. Open Dangdang, cut back to the original window

    private void testWindow(WebDriver driver, TestSelenium3 test) { /* * 第1步：打开测试界面 */ driver.get("http://127.0.0.1:8081/HtmlWeb/selenium/html_00_summary.html"); Actions actions = new Actions(driver); /* * 第2步：点击京东，再切换回原界面 */ WebElement jd = driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[@id='link_jd']")); //按顺序点，按顺序放 actions.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).click(jd) .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).keyUp(Keys.CONTROL).perform(); test.mySleep(1000); //窗口切换到京东，进行操作，此处不做任何操作 switchToWindow("京东", driver); test.mySleep(1000); //切换回原窗口 switchToWindow("selenium", driver); test.mySleep(1000); /* * 第3步：点击百度，再切换回原界面 */ WebElement baidu = driver .findElement(By.xpath("//a[@id='link_baidu']")); actions.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).click(baidu) .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).keyUp(Keys.CONTROL).perform(); actions.click(); test.mySleep(1000); switchToWindow("百度一下，你就知道", driver); test.mySleep(1000); switchToWindow("selenium", driver); test.mySleep(1000); /* * 第4步：点击当当，再切换回原界面 */ WebElement dangdang = driver.findElement(By .xpath("//a[@id='link_dangdang']")); actions.keyDown(Keys.SHIFT).keyDown(Keys.CONTROL).click(dangdang) .keyUp(Keys.SHIFT).keyUp(Keys.CONTROL).perform(); actions.click(); test.mySleep(1000); switchToWindow("当当", driver); test.mySleep(1000); switchToWindow("selenium", driver); test.mySleep(1000); } 

Seven switching interface framework frame

1. The interface code

1.1 main.html

<html>
<head>
<title>iframe测试界面</title> </head> <frameset rows="15%,75%,*" frameborder="1" framespacing="10"> <frame src="top.html"></frame> <frameset cols="20%,*"> <frame src="left.html"></frame> <frame src="right.html" name="content"></frame> </frameset> <frame src="button.html"></frame> </frameset> </html> 

1.2 top.html

<html>
<body>
 <!--图片放到webapp/images下面--> <img src="../../images/top.png" width="90%" height="80%"> </body> </html> 

 

image.png

1.3 left.html

<html>

<body>
    <ul> <li><a href="http://www.baidu.com" target="content">百度</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.jd.com" target="content">京东</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.taobao.com" target="content">淘宝</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.dangdang.com" target="content">当当</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.youku.com" target="content">优酷</a></li> </ul> </body> </html> 

1.4 right.html

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=gb2312" /> <title>管理页面</title> </head> <body>该界面用于展示菜单内容 </body> </html> 

1.5 button.html

<html>

<body>

    <img src="../../images/button.png" width="90%" height="75%" > </body> </html> 

 

image.png

2. frame test code

Step 1: Open the test interface

driver.get("http://127.0.0.1:8081/HtmlWeb/selenium/iframe2/main.html");

Step 2: Locate the left navigation frame box

WebElement leftFrame=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//frame[@src='left.html']"));

Step 3: handover control to the window frame

driver.switchTo().frame(leftFrame);

Content of the test frame box: Step 4

WebElement baidu=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//a[@href='http://www.baidu.com']"));
            baidu.click();
            test.mySleep(2000);

Step 5: switching back to the original main window of the control window

driver.switchTo().defaultContent();

Step 6: Locate the right window, click on the contents of the connection that is open

WebElement rightFrame=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//frame[@src='right.html']"));

Step 7: switching to the right of the window frame

driver.switchTo().frame(rightFrame);

Step 8: Test the right window

            test.mySleep(3000);
            WebElement input=driver.findElement(By.xpath("//input[@id='kw']"));
            input.clear();
            input.sendKeys("果芽软件");
            
            WebElement submit=driver.findElement(By.id("su"));
            submit.click();
            test.mySleep(2000); //定位超链接元素的专用方法（精确和模糊两种，类似id和name选择器） WebElement baike=driver.findElement(By.linkText("上海果芽软件科技有限公司_百度百科")); //WebElement baike=driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText("果芽软件")); baike.click(); test.mySleep(2000); 

Eight, set the interface to load and latency positioning elements

1. thread sleep

        try {
            Thread.sleep(3000);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        } 

2. Implicit wait

        //设置界面加载等待时间，全局设置，作用于driver，对所有后续界面加载都有效
        driver.manage().timeouts().pageLoadTimeout(3000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
        driver.get("http://www.baidu.com");
        //设置元素定位超时等待时间，全局设置，作用于driver，对所有后续元素定位都有效
        driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(3000, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS); WebElement element=driver.findElement(By.xpath("kw")); 

3. Display wait

        WebDriverWait wait=new WebDriverWait(driver, 2);
        wait.until(new ExpectedCondition<Boolean>() {
            public Boolean apply(WebDriver d) { boolean loadcomplete = d.findElement(By.xpath("")).isDisplayed(); return loadcomplete; } });

Author: fruit buds software
link: https: //www.jianshu.com/p/bd7db15446ea
Source: Jane book
Jane book copyright reserved by the authors, are reproduced in any form, please contact the author to obtain authorization and indicate the source.