ansible模块command、shell、raw、script

Brief introduction

surroundings:

ansible端：    

    ip：192.168.100.129

    hostname：node1.lansgg.com

client side:

      ip：192.168.100.131

      hostname：v2.lansgg.com 

      ip：192.168.100.132

      hostname：v3.lansgg.com

[root@node1 ansible]# pwd
/etc/ansible
[root@node1 ansible]# cat hosts
[testservers]
192.168.100.131
192.168.100.132
[root@node1 ansible]#

 

1, the command format

SYNOPSIS
       ansible <host-pattern> [-f forks] [-m module_name] [-a args]

 

For more information query command module

ansible-doc moduleName

 

Such as:

[root@node1 ansible]# ansible-doc command
less 436
Copyright (C) 1984-2009 Mark Nudelman

less comes with NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
For information about the terms of redistribution,
see the file named README in the less distribution.
Homepage: http://www.greenwoodsoftware.com/less
> COMMAND

  The [command] module takes the command name followed by a list of
  space-delimited arguments. The given command will be executed on all
  selected nodes. It will not be processed through the shell, so
  variables like `$HOME' and operations like `"<"', `">"', `"|"', and
  `"&"' will not work (use the [shell] module if you need these
  features).

Options (= is mandatory):

- chdir
        cd into this directory before running the command [Default:
        None]

- creates
        a filename, when it already exists, this step will *not* be
        run. [Default: None]

- executable
        change the shell used to execute the command. Should be an
        absolute path to the executable. [Default: None]

= free_form
        the command module takes a free form command to run.  There is
        no parameter actually named 'free form'. See the examples!
        [Default: None]

- removes
        a filename, when it does not exist, this step will *not* be
        run. [Default: None]

- warn
        if command warnings are on in ansible.cfg, do not warn about
        this particular line if set to no/false. [Default: True]

Notes:  If you want to run a command through the shell (say you are using
        `<', `>', `|', etc), you actually want the [shell] module
        instead. The [command] module is much more secure as it's not
        affected by the user's environment.  `creates', `removes', and
        `chdir' can be specified after the command. For instance, if
        you only want to run a command if a certain file does not
        exist, use this.

EXAMPLES:
# Example from Ansible Playbooks.
- command: /sbin/shutdown -t now

# Run the command if the specified file does not exist.
- command: /usr/bin/make_database.sh arg1 arg2 creates=/path/to/database

# You can also use the 'args' form to provide the options. This command
# will change the working directory to somedir/ and will only run when
# /path/to/database doesn't exist.
- command: /usr/bin/make_database.sh arg1 arg2
  args:
    chdir: somedir/
    creates: /path/to/database

 

Explanation: command module name, chdir, create the module-specific parameters, etc.

2, command ansible modules,

One of the implementation of this module is the default module ansible, is also a common module

Example: view the remote host the last two lines of passwd

[root@node1 ansible]# ansible testservers -m command -a 'tail -2 /etc/passwd'
192.168.100.131 | success | rc=0 >>
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin

192.168.100.132 | success | rc=0 >>
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin
tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin

 

Arguments, of course, modify the working directory

[root@node1 ansible]# ansible testservers -m command -a 'pwd'
192.168.100.132 | success | rc=0 >>
/root

192.168.100.131 | success | rc=0 >>
/root

[root@node1 ansible]# ansible testservers -m command -a 'chdir=/tmp/ pwd'
192.168.100.131 | success | rc=0 >>
/tmp

192.168.100.132 | success | rc=0 >>
/tmp

 

 

The difference and usage scenarios

command module [execute remote commands]

[root@node1 ansible]# ansible testservers -m command -a 'uname -n'

 

script module [perform a master shell / python script on a remote host] (using relative path)

[root@node1 ansible]# ansible testservers -m script -a '/etc/ansible/test.sh

 

shell module [perform remote host shell / python script]

[root@node1 ansible]# ansible testservers -m shell -a 'bash /root/test.sh'

 

raw module [similar command module, support piped]

[root@node1 ansible]# ansible testservers -m raw -a "ifconfig eth0 |sed -n 2p |awk '{print \$2}' |awk -F: '{print \$2}'"