Please describe the characteristics of European style with examples of medieval Gothic architecture
Gothic cathedral
Gothic architecture is the next half of the 11th century originated in France, 13 to an architectural style popular in 15th-century Europe. Mainly seen in the Catholic cathedral Gothic Cathedral, also affected the secular buildings.
Gothic architecture (Gothic architecture) is a French-centered developed. In the 12-15 century, the city handicrafts and commercial guild is quite developed, implemented some degree of democracy within the city, the people who built the church with great enthusiasm, mutual competitiveness in order to show their city. In addition, when the church is no longer a purely religious buildings, it has become the center of public life of the city, City Hall became public, public auditoriums, and even be used as a market and theater. During religious festivals, churches often become popular tournament venue.
Features of Gothic architecture is the towering minarets, the use of cross-arch, flying tickets, slender column, and the new framework in the design to increase the strength of the top of the support, the helicopter lines to the majestic appearance of the building and the church Kongkuo space, combined with long windows trimmed with stained glass, the church produce a strong religious atmosphere inside. Church of the plane is still basic Latin cross, but add a couple of towers on both sides of its western end of the door.
Gothic cathedral to Cologne Cathedral, the most famous!
Cologne Cathedral (Kölner Dom, full name Hohe Domkirche St. Peter und Maria), located in Cologne, Germany is a Roman Catholic cathedral, Cologne is a city landmark buildings.
In all the church, and its height ranks second in Germany (after Ulm, Ulm Cathedral), the world's third. On the scale, it is the largest church in northern Europe. Set in a grand and delicate, it is known as the Gothic church architecture is the most perfect example. It was founded in 1248, works intermittently, until 1880 was declared completed by the Kaiser Wilhelm I, took more than 600 years, it is still repair works constantly.
Cologne Cathedral in the center of Cologne, founded in 1248, after several twists and turns finally completed in 1880. The cathedral is a symbol of the authority of Christian Europe, it is an example of Gothic religious architecture. It is rare five into the building, interior space and high ceiling widening, vertical tower sky, symbolizing the desire of people to communicate with God. In addition to two towers, the church external as well as more than a dozen small steeple contrast. Church walls depict biblical characters with a stained glass; equipped with 5 ring the bell on the bell tower, the heaviest of up to 24 tons, Zhong Qiming loud, loud and clear voice. There are many within the Cologne Cathedral treasures. During World War II, the church was partially destroyed during the past 20 years has been restored as a symbol of faith and cultural traditions of Europe to witness the final of the Cologne Cathedral can be preserved.
Cologne Cathedral is the largest church in northern Europe, it Reims Cathedral and Amiens Cathedral as a template, is Germany's first church was in full accordance with French Gothic style peak construction. Archaeological excavations show, where today stands tall Cologne Cathedral, a Roman temple once existed around its wealthy merchant mansion. The first Christian churches built in 320 AD, when the baptism basin can also be seen in today's Cathedral.
In 1996, on the report of the World Heritage Committee at its 20th session, according to the cultural heritage of the standard C (I) (II) (IV), Cologne Cathedral was included in the "World Heritage List."
Cologne Cathedral is the pride of Cologne, also a sign of Cologne. Germany (Cologne) is now the city of Cologne, is the largest international commercial center of the Rhine area, often held various international fairs. On sunny days, came to this historic old town is located in the middle reaches of the Rhine, you can feel the strong religious atmosphere.
01 Cross arch:
Cross arch is an arch form of the first century AD began to use that intersects the cylindrical arch.
One kind of arch form of the first century AD began to use that intersects the cylindrical arch. It covers on the square between, only the four corners of pillars, and unnecessary continuous load-bearing walls, interior building space liberation; and ease of opening side windows, very useful to lighting large buildings. It is very significant significant progress arch technology.
After the 11th century, with the rise of Gothic architecture in France, cross-arch Gothic buildings has become a frame type, and therefore greatly reduce the weight of the dome, reduce the intensity applied to each portion, so that the dome can be applied to various flat.
2, flying tickets
Appear before the Gothic, European buildings (mainly religious buildings like churches) due to the construction of a circular dome, domed heavy tension produces a downward and outward, so that the dome has to be made to support the external walls very heavy, and must be made more down-thick trapezoidal cross-section, can not open the window, not only makes the indoor area is small, light and ventilation is not good. Gothic outer wall is a distance away from a row of vertical columns, each column extending body or a plurality of flight coupon (coupon Rotary fly, arch) prop exterior wall, an outer tension dome offset generated. From the point of view of modern physics this principle is very easy to understand, but in the history of Western architecture is developed after hundreds of years before the invention of such architectural forms. With fly vouchers support external walls, external walls can be made up and down the same thickness and thin, and also a large area windows, stained-glass windows of Gothic architecture has become one of the features of its architecture.
03 slender columns:
04 frame structure:
05 stained glass windows of length:
06 Church of the plane:
Roman late, after the Christian public, to build a church in accordance with the tradition of the Basilica of the way. With the increasing complexity of religious ceremonies, increasing saint, build a horizontal space before the altar, a large church hall and can be divided in the side gallery, forming a cross-shaped plane, vertical road longer than Gantt and more, called the Latin cross style.
07 one pair of towers:
References:
https://baike.baidu.com/item/ gothic Cathedral / 15524505? fr = aladdin
Gothic cathedral
https://baike.baidu.com/item/ Cologne Cathedral
Cologne Cathedral
https://baike.baidu.com/item/ Cross arch
Cross arch
https://baike.baidu.com/item/ fly ticket
Fly ticket
https://baike.baidu.com/item/ Latin Cross church / 8008478? fr = aladdin
Latin Cross church
https://wenku.baidu.com/view/988c6d4a2e3f5727a5e962c5.html
Gothic architecture - Cologne Cathedral
https://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1613105500281436688&wfr=spider&for=pc
The pinnacle of Gothic architecture - Cologne Cathedral
http://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1601689687084539517&wfr=spider&for=pc
科隆大教堂：集宏伟与细腻于一身，中世纪哥特式建筑的完美典范！
http://www.sohu.com/a/238632712_773260
哥特式教堂建筑完美典范——科隆大教堂参观看点详解