When implementing an interface for automated testing, will often encounter problems dependent interface parameters, such as time and obtain login interface, you need to log in to obtain key value, and each key value returned request is not the same, then this under case, to achieve automation interface, it is necessary to set environment variables used postman in this function;
In the postman, the interface tests may be utilized is the response to the environment variable, for subsequent interface (conceptually similar parameterized)
The specific method required environment variables shown below;
var jsonData = JSON.parse (responseBody); // get all the parameters returned body postman.setEnvironmentVariable ( "appKey", jsonData.data.appKey) ; // return the keys parameter set as an environment variable
So you will be able to login to the desired key environment variable for subsequent logins call interface;
Similarly, headers acquisition method for updating the value of the environment variable, as shown below;
postman common set of methods:
1. Set Environment Variables
postman.setEnvironmentVariable ( "Key", "value"); pm.environment.get ( "Key", "value"); // postman 5.0 or more versions of the method set environment variables
2. Set up a global variable
postman.setGlobalVariable("key", "value"); pm.globals.set("variable_key", "variable_value");//postman 5.0以上版本设置全局变量方法
3.检查response body中是否包含某个string
tests["Body matches string"] = responseBody.has("string_you_want_to_search"); pm.test("Body is correct", function () { pm.response.to.have.body("response_body_string"); });//5.0以上版本方法
4.检测JSON中的某个值是否等于预期的值
var data = JSON.parse(responseBody); tests["Your test name"] = data.value === 100;
JSON.parse()方法,把json字符串转化为对象。parse()会进行json格式的检查是一个安全的函数。
如:检查json中某个数组元素的个数(这里检测programs的长度)
var data = JSON.parse(responseBody); tests["program's lenght"] = data.programs.length === 5;
5.转换XML body为JSON对象
var jsonObject = xml2Json(responseBody); tests["Body is correct"] = responseBody === "response_body_string";
6.检查response body是否与某个string相等
7.测试response Headers中的某个元素是否存在(如:Content-Type)
//getResponseHeader()方法会返回header的值,如果该值存在 tests["Content-Type is present"] = postman.getResponseHeader("Content-Type"); tests["Content-Type is present"] = responseHeaders.hasOwnProperty("Content-Type");
上面的方法,不区分大小写。下面的方法,要区分大小写。
8.验证Status code的值
tests["Status code is 200"] = responseCode.code === 200; pm.test("Status code is 200", function () { pm.response.to.have.status(200); });//5.0以上版本方法
9.验证Response time是否小于某个值
tests["Response time is less than 200ms"] = responseTime < 200; //5.0以上版本方法 pm.test("Response time is less than 200ms", function () { pm.expect(pm.response.responseTime).to.be.below(200); });
10.name是否包含某个值
tests["Status code name has string"] = responseCode.name.has("Created"); //5.0以上版本方法 pm.test("Status code name has string", function () { pm.response.to.have.status("Created"); });
11.POST 请求的状态响应码是否是某个值
tests["Successful POST request"] = responseCode.code === 201 || responseCode.code === 202; //5.0以上版本方法 pm.test("Successful POST request", function () { pm.expect(pm.response.code).to.be.oneOf([201,202]); });
12.很小的JSON数据验证器
var schema = { "items": { "type": "boolean" } }; var data1 = [true, false]; var data2 = [true, 123]; console.log(tv4.error); tests["Valid Data1"] = tv4.validate(data1, schema); tests["Valid Data2"] = tv4.validate(data2, schema);
var Json = JSON.parse(request.data);
-
data {object}:
this is a dictionary of form data for the request. (request.data["key"]=="value") -
headers {object}:
this is a dictionary of headers for the request (request.headers["key"]=="value") -
method {string}:
GET/POST/PUT etc. -
url {string}:
the url for the request.
var Json = JSON.parse(request.data); var version = Json["version"];
14.JSON.parse()和JSON.stringify()
JSON.parse()【从一个字符串中解析出json对象】--把string转对象 JSON.stringify()【从一个对象中解析出字符串,主要针对[object object]类型数据的转换】--把对象转String var data={name:'goatling'}
JSON.parse(data)
结果是: '{"name":"goatling"}'
JSON.stringify(data)
结果是:name:"goatling"
15.判断字段值是否为空typeof()
var Jsondata = JSON.parse(responseBody); if( typeof(Jsondata.data) != "undefined" )
pre-request
和
test script
中。因为这些部分是通过
JavaScript
来写的
key
和
value
去设置变量。当你发送请求的时候,这脚本将会执行,值将会保存在变量中,如下图:
;
或者pm.globals.set("variable_key", "variable_value");;
;
根据适合的范围去获取变量值。这方法要求提供一个变量名作为参数去检索储存的值,如下图:
结果:
在实现接口自动测试的时候,会经常遇到接口参数依赖的问题,例如调取登录接口的时候,需要先获取登录的key值,而每次请求返回的key值又是不一样的,那么这种情况下,要实现接口的自动化,就要用到postman中设置环境变量这个功能了;
在postman中,可以利用tests将接口返回的response设置为环境变量,供后续接口使用(类似参数化的概念)
获取环境变量需要具体方法如下图所示;
var jsonData =JSON.parse(responseBody);//获取body中返回的所有参数 postman.setEnvironmentVariable("appKey",jsonData.data.appKey);//把返回参数中的keys设置为环境变量
如此就能把登录所需的key设置为环境变量,供后续登录接口的调用了;
同理,获取headers值更新环境变量的方法,如下图;
postman常用方法集合:
1.设置环境变量
postman.setEnvironmentVariable("key", "value"); pm.environment.get("key", "value");//postman 5.0以上版本设置环境变量的方法
2.设置全局变量
postman.setGlobalVariable("key", "value"); pm.globals.set("variable_key", "variable_value");//postman 5.0以上版本设置全局变量方法
3.检查response body中是否包含某个string
tests["Body matches string"] = responseBody.has("string_you_want_to_search"); pm.test("Body is correct", function () { pm.response.to.have.body("response_body_string"); });//5.0以上版本方法
4.检测JSON中的某个值是否等于预期的值
var data = JSON.parse(responseBody); tests["Your test name"] = data.value === 100;
JSON.parse()方法,把json字符串转化为对象。parse()会进行json格式的检查是一个安全的函数。
如:检查json中某个数组元素的个数(这里检测programs的长度)
var data = JSON.parse(responseBody); tests["program's lenght"] = data.programs.length === 5;
5.转换XML body为JSON对象
var jsonObject = xml2Json(responseBody); tests["Body is correct"] = responseBody === "response_body_string";
6.检查response body是否与某个string相等
7.测试response Headers中的某个元素是否存在(如:Content-Type)
//getResponseHeader()方法会返回header的值,如果该值存在 tests["Content-Type is present"] = postman.getResponseHeader("Content-Type"); tests["Content-Type is present"] = responseHeaders.hasOwnProperty("Content-Type");
上面的方法,不区分大小写。下面的方法,要区分大小写。
8.验证Status code的值
tests["Status code is 200"] = responseCode.code === 200; pm.test("Status code is 200", function () { pm.response.to.have.status(200); });//5.0以上版本方法
9.验证Response time是否小于某个值
tests["Response time is less than 200ms"] = responseTime < 200; //5.0以上版本方法 pm.test("Response time is less than 200ms", function () { pm.expect(pm.response.responseTime).to.be.below(200); });
10.name是否包含某个值
tests["Status code name has string"] = responseCode.name.has("Created"); //5.0以上版本方法 pm.test("Status code name has string", function () { pm.response.to.have.status("Created"); });
11.POST 请求的状态响应码是否是某个值
tests["Successful POST request"] = responseCode.code === 201 || responseCode.code === 202; //5.0以上版本方法 pm.test("Successful POST request", function () { pm.expect(pm.response.code).to.be.oneOf([201,202]); });
12.很小的JSON数据验证器
var schema = { "items": { "type": "boolean" } }; var data1 = [true, false]; var data2 = [true, 123]; console.log(tv4.error); tests["Valid Data1"] = tv4.validate(data1, schema); tests["Valid Data2"] = tv4.validate(data2, schema);
var Json = JSON.parse(request.data);
-
data {object}:
this is a dictionary of form data for the request. (request.data["key"]=="value") -
headers {object}:
this is a dictionary of headers for the request (request.headers["key"]=="value") -
method {string}:
GET/POST/PUT etc. -
url {string}:
the url for the request.
var Json = JSON.parse(request.data); var version = Json["version"];
14.JSON.parse()和JSON.stringify()
JSON.parse()【从一个字符串中解析出json对象】--把string转对象 JSON.stringify()【从一个对象中解析出字符串,主要针对[object object]类型数据的转换】--把对象转String var data={name:'goatling'}
JSON.parse(data)
结果是: '{"name":"goatling"}'
JSON.stringify(data)
结果是:name:"goatling"
15.判断字段值是否为空typeof()
var Jsondata = JSON.parse(responseBody); if( typeof(Jsondata.data) != "undefined" )
pre-request
和
test script
中。因为这些部分是通过
JavaScript
来写的
key
和
value
去设置变量。当你发送请求的时候,这脚本将会执行,值将会保存在变量中,如下图:
;
或者pm.globals.set("variable_key", "variable_value");;
;
根据适合的范围去获取变量值。这方法要求提供一个变量名作为参数去检索储存的值,如下图:
结果: