For ArcGIS10.2 version of the solution (default Chinese coded as OEM):
An existing layer name to "layer .shp", as an example:
1, a copy of cpg file, change the name of "layer .cpg", and open the file modification cpg encoded as "OEM" text
2, modify the default encoding:
Step one: Open cmd, enter "Regedit", open the registry.
Step two: find the path: HKEY_CURRENT_USER \ Software \ ESRI \ Desktop10 *.
The third step: In Desktop10 * [New] -> [items], named as the "Common"; then in the [Common] items under the new key [] CodePage
Step Four: CodePage new entry is a string value [], named "dbfDefault", and modify its value data [] is "UTF-8"
3, opened with just ArcMap "layer .shp", Save out (e.g., named "Layer new.shp"), cpg saved in the file at this time has been changed to "UTF-8";
4, complete
At this time, using ArcMap open the original "layer .shp" and "layer new.shp" are recognized Chinese introduced "layer new.shp" Chinese may be identified in the AS.