1. What is idempotent
在我们编程中常见幂等
1) select 查询 天然幂等
2)delete 删除也是幂等 删除同一个多次效果一样
3) update 直接更新某个值的 幂等
4)update 更新累加操作的 非幂等
5)insert 非幂等操作 每次新增一条
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2. Causes
由于重复点击或者网络重发 eg:
1)点击提交按钮两次。
2)点击刷新按钮。
3)使用浏览器后退按钮重复之前的操作,导致重复提交表单。
4)使用浏览器历史记录重复提交表单。
5)浏览器重复的HTTP请求
6) nginx 重发等情况
7)分布式RPCtry重发 等
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3. Solution
在提交后执行页面重定向,这就是所谓的
Post-Redirect-Get (PRG)模式。简言之,
当用户提交了表单后,你去执行一个客户端的重定向,
转到提交成功信息页面。这能避免用户按F5导致的
重复提交,而其也不会出现浏览器表单重复提交的警告,
也能消除按浏览器前进和后退按导致的同样问题。
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在服务器端,生成一个唯一的标识符,将它存入session,
同时将它写入表单的隐藏字段中,然后将表单页面发给浏览器,
用户录入信息后点击提交,在服务器端,获取表单中隐藏字段
的值,与session中的唯一标识符比较,相等说明是首次提交,
就处理本次请求,然后将session中的唯一标识符移除;不相等
说明是重复提交,就不再处理。
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比较复杂 不适合移动端APP的应用 这里不详解
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insert使用唯一索引 update使用 乐观锁 version版本法这种在大数据量和高并发下
效率依赖数据库硬件能力,针对非核心业务
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使用select ... for update ,这种和 synchronized
锁住先查再insert or update一样,但要避免死锁,效率也较差
针对单体 请求并发不大 可以推荐使用
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原理:使用了 ConcurrentHashMap 并发容器 putIfAbsent 方法,
和 ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor 定时任务,也可以使用guava cache
的机制 gauva中有配有缓存的有效时间 也是可以的key的生成
Content-MD5 Content-MD5 是指 Body 的 MD5 值,只有当 Body 非Form表单时才计算MD5,
计算方式直接将参数和参数名称统一加密MD5 MD5在一定范围类认为是唯一的
近似唯一 当然在低并发的情况下足够了
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① Configuration Notes
import java.lang.annotation.*;
@Target(ElementType.METHOD)
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Documented
public @interface Resubmit {
/**
* 延时时间 在延时多久后可以再次提交
*
* @return Time unit is one second
*/
int delaySeconds() default 20;
}
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② instantiated lock
import com.google.common.cache.Cache;
import com.google.common.cache.CacheBuilder;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.apache.commons.codec.digest.DigestUtils;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
/**
* @author lijing
* 重复提交锁
*/
@Slf4j
public final class ResubmitLock {
private static final ConcurrentHashMap<String, Object> LOCK_CACHE = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(200);
private static final ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor EXECUTOR = new ScheduledThreadPoolExecutor(5, new ThreadPoolExecutor.DiscardPolicy());
// private static final Cache<String, Object> CACHES = CacheBuilder.newBuilder()
// 最大缓存 100 个
// .maximumSize(1000)
// 设置写缓存后 5 秒钟过期
// .expireAfterWrite(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
// .build();
private ResubmitLock() {
}
/**
* 静态内部类 单例模式
*
* @return
*/
private static class SingletonInstance {
private static final ResubmitLock INSTANCE = new ResubmitLock();
}
public static ResubmitLock getInstance() {
return SingletonInstance.INSTANCE;
}
public static String handleKey(String param) {
return DigestUtils.md5Hex(param == null ? "" : param);
}
/**
* 加锁 putIfAbsent 是原子操作保证线程安全
*
* @param key 对应的key
* @param value
* @return
*/
public boolean lock(final String key, Object value) {
return Objects.isNull(LOCK_CACHE.putIfAbsent(key, value));
}
/**
* 延时释放锁 用以控制短时间内的重复提交
*
* @param lock 是否需要解锁
* @param key 对应的key
* @param delaySeconds 延时时间
*/
public void unLock(final boolean lock, final String key, final int delaySeconds) {
if (lock) {
EXECUTOR.schedule(() -> {
LOCK_CACHE.remove(key);
}, delaySeconds, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
}
}
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③AOP section
import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.cn.xxx.common.annotation.Resubmit;
import com.cn.xxx.common.annotation.impl.ResubmitLock;
import com.cn.xxx.common.dto.RequestDTO;
import com.cn.xxx.common.dto.ResponseDTO;
import com.cn.xxx.common.enums.ResponseCode;
import lombok.extern.log4j.Log4j;
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.reflect.MethodSignature;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
/**
* @ClassName RequestDataAspect
* @Description 数据重复提交校验
* @Author lijing
* @Date 2019/05/16 17:05
**/
@Log4j
@Aspect
@Component
public class ResubmitDataAspect {
private final static String DATA = "data";
private final static Object PRESENT = new Object();
@Around("@annotation(com.cn.xxx.common.annotation.Resubmit)")
public Object handleResubmit(ProceedingJoinPoint joinPoint) throws Throwable {
Method method = ((MethodSignature) joinPoint.getSignature()).getMethod();
//获取注解信息
Resubmit annotation = method.getAnnotation(Resubmit.class);
int delaySeconds = annotation.delaySeconds();
Object[] pointArgs = joinPoint.getArgs();
String key = "";
//获取第一个参数
Object firstParam = pointArgs[0];
if (firstParam instanceof RequestDTO) {
//解析参数
JSONObject requestDTO = JSONObject.parseObject(firstParam.toString());
JSONObject data = JSONObject.parseObject(requestDTO.getString(DATA));
if (data != null) {
StringBuffer sb = new StringBuffer();
data.forEach((k, v) -> {
sb.append(v);
});
//生成加密参数 使用了content_MD5的加密方式
key = ResubmitLock.handleKey(sb.toString());
}
}
//执行锁
boolean lock = false;
try {
//设置解锁key
lock = ResubmitLock.getInstance().lock(key, PRESENT);
if (lock) {
//放行
return joinPoint.proceed();
} else {
//响应重复提交异常
return new ResponseDTO<>(ResponseCode.REPEAT_SUBMIT_OPERATION_EXCEPTION);
}
} finally {
//设置解锁key和解锁时间
ResubmitLock.getInstance().unLock(lock, key, delaySeconds);
}
}
}
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④ comment Use Cases
@ApiOperation(value = "保存我的帖子接口", notes = "保存我的帖子接口")
@PostMapping("/posts/save")
@Resubmit(delaySeconds = 10)
public ResponseDTO<BaseResponseDataDTO> saveBbsPosts(@RequestBody @Validated RequestDTO<BbsPostsRequestDTO> requestDto) {
return bbsPostsBizService.saveBbsPosts(requestDto);
}
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These are like local power locks submit used as long as the Content-MD5 encrypted parameters constant, the encryption parameter values change, key prevents the presence Submit
Of course, you can use some other signature verification at a time when Mr. submit signatures submitted to fixed-to-back cache back-end processing can be resolved according to a uniform signature as the authentication token each submission.
Was added in pom.xml the starter-web, starter-aop, starter-data-redis dependency can
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-aop</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
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Add redis property configuration configuration items related to the resource file in application.properites
spring.redis.host=localhost
spring.redis.port=6379
spring.redis.password=123456
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The main implementation: Redis familiar friends all know that it is thread safe, we use its features can easily implement a distributed lock, such as opsForValue () setIfAbsent (key, value) if its role is not in the cache Key is currently cached returns true, and vice versa at the same time; when the cache to key in a set time expired, to prevent system crashes caused due to the delay in the release form lock deadlock; so we can not think so when we believe that returns true it gets into the lock, the lock is not released at the time of our exception thrown ...
package com.battcn.interceptor;
import com.battcn.annotation.CacheLock;
import com.battcn.utils.RedisLockHelper;
import org.aspectj.lang.ProceedingJoinPoint;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Around;
import org.aspectj.lang.annotation.Aspect;
import org.aspectj.lang.reflect.MethodSignature;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import java.util.UUID;
/**
* redis 方案
*
* @author Levin
* @since 2018/6/12 0012
*/
@Aspect
@Configuration
public class LockMethodInterceptor {
@Autowired
public LockMethodInterceptor(RedisLockHelper redisLockHelper, CacheKeyGenerator cacheKeyGenerator) {
this.redisLockHelper = redisLockHelper;
this.cacheKeyGenerator = cacheKeyGenerator;
}
private final RedisLockHelper redisLockHelper;
private final CacheKeyGenerator cacheKeyGenerator;
@Around("execution(public * *(..)) && @annotation(com.battcn.annotation.CacheLock)")
public Object interceptor(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) {
MethodSignature signature = (MethodSignature) pjp.getSignature();
Method method = signature.getMethod();
CacheLock lock = method.getAnnotation(CacheLock.class);
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(lock.prefix())) {
throw new RuntimeException("lock key don't null...");
}
final String lockKey = cacheKeyGenerator.getLockKey(pjp);
String value = UUID.randomUUID().toString();
try {
// 假设上锁成功,但是设置过期时间失效,以后拿到的都是 false
final boolean success = redisLockHelper.lock(lockKey, value, lock.expire(), lock.timeUnit());
if (!success) {
throw new RuntimeException("重复提交");
}
try {
return pjp.proceed();
} catch (Throwable throwable) {
throw new RuntimeException("系统异常");
}
} finally {
// TODO 如果演示的话需要注释该代码;实际应该放开
redisLockHelper.unlock(lockKey, value);
}
}
}
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By way RedisLockHelper encapsulated API calls, even higher flexibility
package com.battcn.utils;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfigureAfter;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisStringCommands;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisCallback;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.StringRedisTemplate;
import org.springframework.data.redis.core.types.Expiration;
import org.springframework.util.StringUtils;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;
import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
/**
* 需要定义成 Bean
*
* @author Levin
* @since 2018/6/15 0015
*/
@Configuration
@AutoConfigureAfter(RedisAutoConfiguration.class)
public class RedisLockHelper {
private static final String DELIMITER = "|";
/**
* 如果要求比较高可以通过注入的方式分配
*/
private static final ScheduledExecutorService EXECUTOR_SERVICE = Executors.newScheduledThreadPool(10);
private final StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate;
public RedisLockHelper(StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate) {
this.stringRedisTemplate = stringRedisTemplate;
}
/**
* 获取锁(存在死锁风险)
*
* @param lockKey lockKey
* @param value value
* @param time 超时时间
* @param unit 过期单位
* @return true or false
*/
public boolean tryLock(final String lockKey, final String value, final long time, final TimeUnit unit) {
return stringRedisTemplate.execute((RedisCallback<Boolean>) connection -> connection.set(lockKey.getBytes(), value.getBytes(), Expiration.from(time, unit), RedisStringCommands.SetOption.SET_IF_ABSENT));
}
/**
* 获取锁
*
* @param lockKey lockKey
* @param uuid UUID
* @param timeout 超时时间
* @param unit 过期单位
* @return true or false
*/
public boolean lock(String lockKey, final String uuid, long timeout, final TimeUnit unit) {
final long milliseconds = Expiration.from(timeout, unit).getExpirationTimeInMilliseconds();
boolean success = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().setIfAbsent(lockKey, (System.currentTimeMillis() + milliseconds) + DELIMITER + uuid);
if (success) {
stringRedisTemplate.expire(lockKey, timeout, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
} else {
String oldVal = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().getAndSet(lockKey, (System.currentTimeMillis() + milliseconds) + DELIMITER + uuid);
final String[] oldValues = oldVal.split(Pattern.quote(DELIMITER));
if (Long.parseLong(oldValues[0]) + 1 <= System.currentTimeMillis()) {
return true;
}
}
return success;
}
/**
* @see <a href="http://redis.io/commands/set">Redis Documentation: SET</a>
*/
public void unlock(String lockKey, String value) {
unlock(lockKey, value, 0, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
}
/**
* 延迟unlock
*
* @param lockKey key
* @param uuid client(最好是唯一键的)
* @param delayTime 延迟时间
* @param unit 时间单位
*/
public void unlock(final String lockKey, final String uuid, long delayTime, TimeUnit unit) {
if (StringUtils.isEmpty(lockKey)) {
return;
}
if (delayTime <= 0) {
doUnlock(lockKey, uuid);
} else {
EXECUTOR_SERVICE.schedule(() -> doUnlock(lockKey, uuid), delayTime, unit);
}
}
/**
* @param lockKey key
* @param uuid client(最好是唯一键的)
*/
private void doUnlock(final String lockKey, final String uuid) {
String val = stringRedisTemplate.opsForValue().get(lockKey);
final String[] values = val.split(Pattern.quote(DELIMITER));
if (values.length <= 0) {
return;
}
if (uuid.equals(values[1])) {
stringRedisTemplate.delete(lockKey);
}
}
}
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This can refer to blog.battcn.com/2018/06/13/...