Program-Language


1. mainstream programming languages
2. Category programming language
    2.1 compiled or interpreted
    2.2 as described in the objective system can be divided into two
    2.3 can be divided in accordance with the programming paradigm
3. Language Model Paradigm
4. computer language history
The programming language rank
6. programming language affect the relationship
7. For more information:

1. mainstream programming language

Language 2019 Top Languages Influenced Influenced by
Java 1 2015 39 17
C 2 2017 54 10
Python 3 2018 30 9
C++ 4 2003 36 6
Lisp 32   60 1
C# 6   17 8
JavaScript 7 2014 12 7
PHP 8 2004 2 8
SQL 9 2013 7 1
Objective-C 10 2012 11 2
Ruby 12 2006 17 10
Perl 17   19 10
go 18 2016   7

Column Description:

  • 2019: As of July 2019 rankings
  • Year logged in the first place: Top
  • Languages ​​Influenced: influence how many programming languages
  • Influenced by: the impact of the number of programming languages

2. Programming Language Category

  • Machine language (binary code)
  • Assembly language (machine-oriented programming language)
  • High-level language (...)

2.1 compiled or interpreted

  • Explanatory Language: Java, JavaScript, Perl, Python, Ruby, MATLAB, etc.
  • Compiled languages: C / C ++, Pascal / Object Pascal (Delphi)
  • Scripting language (an interpreted language): Python, JavaScript, ASP, PHP, Perl, etc.

2.2 as described objective system can be divided into two categories

  • Process-oriented language (C);
  • Object-oriented languages ​​(C ++, Objective-C)

2.3 can be divided according to the programming paradigm

  • Command language; (Fortran, ALGOL, COBOL, C, Ada, Pascal)
  • Functional languages; (Lisp, Haskell, ML, Scheme, F #)
  • Logic languages; (Prolog)
  • Pure object-oriented language (Smalltalk)

3. Language Paradigm Paradigm

sn Language Paradigm Paradigm such as: description count
1 Object-Oriented Programming
Object-oriented
Lisp, Java, Python, C++, Ruby, Perl, Smalltalk Data structures and data fields and methods of interaction consisting of (objects) to design the program 188
2 Functional programming function Lisp,Python, C++, Ruby, JavaScript, C# Using the evaluation of mathematical functions and avoids state and variable data 130
3 Imperative programming Imperative C, Java, Python, JavaScript, Pascal, Ruby, Perl Change the program state explicit statement 118
4 Logic Programming Logic Prolog Using explicit mathematical logic programming 20
5 Declarative declarative programming Haskell Calculations are described to be executed without specifying the detailed status change cf imperative programming (programming and logic functions are primarily declarative programming subset) 15
6 General Generic Programming Java, C++, Perl, C# Prepared by using an algorithm to be specified according to the type of follow-up, and then the particular type as a parameter is instantiated as needed 10
7 Reflective programming Reflective Ruby, JavaScript Meta-programming method, wherein the program itself modified or extended 5
8 Dataflow programming Dataflow SISAL When forced to re-calculated change data value (e.g. spreadsheet) 3
9 Programming Pipeline Pipeline   A simple syntax changes, the syntax for adding to the nested function calls into language originally designed for use none 2
10 Distributed distributed programming   Pro-autonomy multiple computers to communicate over a computer network 1
11 Multi-paradigm programming language Python, C++, Perl, Ruby, C# Multi-paradigm programming language 94
12 Programming Lisp, C, Python, C++, Perl Procedural programming 89
13 结构化编程 C, Java, Pascal, Ruby Structured programming 65
14 并发计算 C# Concurrent computing 26
15 基于原型的编程 JavaScript Prototype-based programming 24
16 面向堆栈的编程语言 Forth Stack-oriented programming language 17
17 并行计算 ALGOL 68 Parallel computing 16
18 数组编程 APL Array programming 13
19 知识表示语言 KPL Knowledge Representation Language 9
20 连接编程语言 Forth Concatenative programming language 9
21 口译语言 Lisp, Python, Ruby Interpreted language 8
22 动态编程语言 Perl, Ruby Dynamic programming language 7
23 数据库编程 SQL Database programming 7
24 教育编程语言 Logo Educational programming language 6
25 数学 Lisp, Haskell, APL Mathematics 4
26 懒惰的评价 Haskell Lazy evaluation 4
27 编译语言 Haskell Compiled language 4
28 强打字 Haskell, Java Strong typing 3
29 可视化编程语言   Visual programming language 3
30 按合同设计 Eiffel Design by contract 3
31 模块化编程 Modula, Mesa Modular programming 3
32 类型推断 Haskell, ML Type inference 3
33 功能级编程 FP Function-level programming 3
34 标记语言 Curl Markup language 2
35 依赖类型   Dependent type 2
36 演员模特   Actor model 2
37 框架语言   Frame language 2
38 自修改代码   Self-modifying code 2
39 事件驱动的编程   Event-driven programming 2
40 组合逻辑   Combinatory logic 2
41 细胞为主   Cell-based 2
42 虚拟机   Virtual machine 1
43 一次编写, 随处运行   Write once, run anywhere 1
44 多代理系统   Multi-agent system 1
45 基于表达式   Expression-based 1
46 基于知识的系统   Knowledge-based systems 1
47 面向组件的编程   Component oriented programming 1
48 封装   Encapsulation 1
49 阿贾克斯   Ajax 1
50 操作者   Operator 1
51 示例中心编程   Example Centric Programming 1
52 二维   Two dimensional 1

 注: [count]列内的数字,表示该范式包含多少种编程语言,数据来源: https://exploring-data.com/vis/programming-languages-influence-network/

4. 计算机语言历史

lang.pdf (1954-2018)
https://www.levenez.com/lang/lang.pdf

5. 编程语言排名

https://www.tiobe.com/tiobe-index/

6. 编程语言影响关系

https://exploring-data.com/vis/programming-languages-influence-network/
编程语言影响关系图↑及相关说明↓
https://exploring-data.com/info/programming-languages-influence-network/

7. 更多信息:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_paradigm
编程范式是一种根据编程语言的特性对编程语言进行分类的方法。语言可以分为多种范例。
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Programming_paradigms.svg
根据Peter Van Roy的各种编程范例概述(svg图)

多范式编程语言的比较
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_multi-paradigm_programming_languages

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_programming_languages

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Categorical_list_of_programming_languages
编程语言的分类列表


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Origin www.cnblogs.com/sztom/p/11223227.html