basic concept
Binary packages are already compiled packages, usually for a system architecture , i686 and amd64 can not be mixed.
In general, in addition to outside a package source packet belongs binary packages.
Binary packages generally have the following:
- deb suffix: binary packages such as DPKG package management program dedicated software package, due to the depth of the operating system using dpkg package management , it can be installed directly DEB binary package to package. And the depth of the operating system may be used directly for the Ubuntu the DEB package .
- bin suffix: This installation package suffix generally generic release package installer.
- run extension: General packet such suffixes is closed source graphics driver installer.
- sh extension: such suffixes General installation package is a shell script, generally used to run the script, when the executable file to obtain permission, no installation needed to run.
Install or run
.deb suffix
-
Please install cautious DEB package, download the operating system and the depth of the current system version suitable DEB package to avoid conflicts cause the system to rely on the depth of the operating system can use the same Ubuntu deb package
method one
Since the depth that comes with the operating system already installed DEB package Gdebi under the program, and the file manager will automatically recognize the DEB file, and use Gdebi be open by default, so we just need to double-click the DEB package, and then follow the prompts.
Method Two
Use dpkg command to install, for example, in the current directory we have a deb package called chrome.deb, we just need to execute the terminal:
sudo dpkg -i chrome.deb
To install.
.bin extension
Such extension of the installation package for the general release version of the general package installer. When the executable file to obtain permission to run the setup wizard to install the program. Here we install the package as an example to the bin crossover. Go to the official website to download crossover crossover universal installer, download the installer file is named install-crossover-12.5.1.bin, given to the installation file executable permissions, in two ways:
Operation command, the terminal performs:
sudo chmod + x install -crossover- 12.5 . 1 .bin
Graphics operations, the right file attributes - permissions, check allowed as program executable file
Then run the installer terminal to execute:
./install-crossover-12.5.1.bin
You can enter the Setup Wizard, follow the installation steps similar to the win platform exe installer, not repeat them here.
If the above command can not enter the Setup Wizard, use the run as root, execute the terminal:
sudo ./install-crossover-12.5.1.bin
.run suffix
Such extension is generally for the closed source packet graphics driver installer. Setup and installation method is similar to bin extension. Here we ATI closed source graphics driver for example. Go to Download ATI driver download ATI driver, download the installer file name ati.run, given to the installation file executable permissions, in two ways:
Operation command, the terminal performs:
sudo chmod + x ati.run
Graphics operations, the right file attributes - permissions, check allowed as program executable file
Then run the installer terminal to execute:
./ati.run
You can enter the Setup Wizard, follow the installation steps similar to the win platform exe installer, not repeat them here.
If the above command can not enter the Setup Wizard, use the run as root, execute the terminal:
sudo ./ati.run
.sh extension
Such suffixes General installation package is a shell script, generally used to run the script, when the executable file to obtain permission, no installation needed to run. Suppose we have to have a script called deepin.sh, giving the installation executable file permissions in two ways:
Operation command, the terminal performs:
sudo chmod + x deepin. sh
Graphics operations, the right file attributes - permissions, check allowed as program executable file, and then run the installation program,
There are two ways, command operations:
./deepin.sh
Graphics operations, click the file, the selected file to run in a terminal.
No extension
Such programs without extension, such software was compiled into binary packages can be run directly, the installation method that is extracted to the corresponding directory, then create a soft link to complete the installation.
For example: install Firefox, download the binary package file: Firefox-latest-x86_64. tar. bz2 file into the directory, and opens the terminal in the directory, then execute:
sudo cp Firefox-Latest-x86_64. tar .bz2 / opt Firefox ## copy files to / under the opt directory, can be replaced with other directory
cd / opt ## into the / opt directory
sudo tar -xvjf Firefox-Latest-x86_64. tar .bz2 #-extracting file Firefox
Unzip / opt folder will appear a firefox folder and rebuild a soft link (soft link) in / usr / bin /, the terminal execute:
sudo LN -sf / opt / Firefox / Firefox / usr / bin / Firefox create a soft link ##
Where -f imperatives, namely the original cover existing soft links. At this point, the installation is complete.
Uninstall or remove
deb package
method one
Then we need to remove the left DEB software installation package, we just need to double-click the DEB, then follow the prompts to uninstall Gdebi.
Method Two
Use the uninstall command, we can use the command apt or dpkg command to unload chrome program, for example, the terminal performs:
sudo APT-GET-the Remove Google Chrome ## uninstall Google- Chrome (does not remove configuration files) sudo APT-GET---purge the Remove Google Chrome ## uninstall Google- Chrome (delete the profile) sudo dpkg -r Google-Chrome # # uninstall Google- Chrome (does not remove configuration files) sudo dpkg---purge Google Chrome ## uninstall google-chrome (delete the profile)
bin extension
Such programs generally exist general anti-installer script, you can run this script, still with the crossover, for example in the development of the installation directory. I specify the program installation path is / opt, therefore uninstall script files stored cxuninstall and / opt / cxoffice / bin, double-click to run the program
Note: See the Help documentation for the installer to obtain specific path uninstall script.
run extension
Such programs generally exist general anti-installer script, you can run this script, still with closed-source ATI graphics driver installed for example in the development of the directory.
Terminal to execute:
Sudo Sh / Usr / Share / Ati / Fglrx-Uninstall. Sh
Note: See the Help documentation for the installer to obtain specific path uninstall script.
sh extension
Such programs generally script, generally do not need to be installed to run directly, so delete the program just delete its files.
No extension
This type of installation uninstall the program, generally only need to delete all files of the program can be
Still with the Firefox browser, for example, the terminal performs:
sudorm -rf /opt/firefox/firefox
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basic concept
1, root may refer to user root and root privileges (e.g., Andrews Machine obtained root)
2, root root user belongs to group.
deepin entire root user is the highest authority users, if users are using root control of a computer, you can modify any files. But it is not recommended to use the root user. This is because the root user privileges too large, will lead to a yet operational errors, is likely to lead to damage to the file system, the system does not work properly. (Root equivalent user adminstrastor user in windows)
3, that the use of root privileges root user, have root privileges, the highest authority of the computer. In deepin, in order to ensure the security of the computer, it is to keep the root user.
4, if need root privileges, you can run the following command to temporarily gain root privileges:
1.sudo Command: run commands with root privileges
2.sudo su: Log in as root
References: https://wiki.deepin.org/wiki/Root , https://wiki.deepin.org/wiki/%E4%BA%8C%E8%BF%9B%E5%88%B6%E5% 8C% 85