GROUP BY statement to improve efficiency, you can filter out unwanted records before the GROUP BY. The following two queries return the same result but the second obviously on a lot faster.
Inefficient:
SELECT JOB , AVG(SAL)
FROM EMP
GROUP JOB
HAVING JOB = ‘PRESIDENT’
OR JOB = ‘MANAGER’
Efficient:
SELECT JOB , AVG(SAL)
FROM EMP
WHERE JOB = ‘PRESIDENT’
OR JOB = ‘MANAGER’
GROUP JOB