The original address: https: //www.cnblogs.com/namei/p/6110382.html
I worked in the early years of the industrial automation industry, and later went to several cities, talked about the "Industrial Internet and the history of industrial civilization," this course, so many people think I really understand the Internet industry (in fact I was only half a bucket of water). This morning I was asked, industrial 4 .0 in the end is Gesha, had promised to give him a single repeat once again, then I thought, as finishing materials and ideas under a share to you, so today just as we talk about this mysterious Industry 4.0 it.
First statement, I just knowledge of a porter, I say not necessarily, but read a lot of material to digest the results of the understanding of it. In fact, there is no industry standard 4.0 answer, even Deguo themselves are not.
Look at the three concepts:
industry 1.0
mechanization, the steam engine as a symbol, drive the machine to replace human power with steam, from handicraft separated from agriculture, industrial formal evolution.
2.0 Industrial
electrification to widely used as a symbol of power, drive the machine to replace steam-powered electric power, from parts production and product assembly to achieve the division of labor, industry into the era of mass production.
3.0 Industrial
automation, with PLC (programmable logic controller) and PC applications as a symbol, not only from the machine took over most people's physical labor, but also took over part of the mental, industrial capacity has since gone beyond the human spending power, humanity has entered the era of excess capacity.
These three definitions are academic, you rest assured, this is my most full academic passage, the back, I decided to tell the story of the old monk methods to tell you this story.
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To understand Industry 4.0, we have to look at the current situation, we call industrial 3.X, described by the fashionable comprehension for the novel, which is 3.0 in late, this condition is called complete automation and information section.
We have to start from the factory's business model.
As a factory, there is only two purposes, the production of products, and then sell. Therefore, in industrial enterprises, usually divided into two major sectors, is a productive sector, is a business unit, the former by MES (Manufacturing Execution System) management, which is managed through ERP (management information system).
What difference between these two systems do? ERP prefer to manage financial information, and MES are more inclined to control the production process, simply put, the major ERP tell you how many bottles to customer needs, what the world is single, day to goods, while MES is responsible for monitoring and management how to produce these bottles each of the steps and procedures implemented.
In many Chinese factories in the workshop, among the various production equipment, production equipment and between controllers, it has been largely achieved connectivity. Another point Niubi company, the entire plant has been connected up by manufacturing execution system (MES), while the business sector all through the ERP connectivity up.
We found the problem yet?
ERP and MES did not actually put together!
So when the ERP production planning instructions issued to MES, MES and planning matters deviation occurs (such as broken equipment, substandard raw materials, etc.) in the production process, MES will be adjusted according to the actual situation of the workshop. But ERP is not known! So it will continue to execute the order in accordance with the original plan, over time, the financial system and the actual situation of the factory will be a very large deviation.
As for why not put together, for two reasons, first, ERP and MES development company usually two sets of people, engaged in the production of financial and engage in cooperation, not only do not understand each other's professional terminology, speak the same language, but also with each other despise each other. In addition, business and production departments in the company are usually separate operations, their leaders have their preferred supplier (the reason you know).
Of course, the wisdom of the people is infinite, they are absolutely not dry waiting for the deviation of the two systems is growing, since the system is not to force, we artificial, we workers have the power. So often on a regular basis to the factory floor adjustments made MES of a table, to the business sector, and then manually adjust the business sector came in ERP.
ERP and MES issue is just a question of the factory system fault microcosm, in fact there are a lot of factories in other systems, design, manufacturing, procurement, office, etc., these systems are islands of information one by one, not each other We know each other in doing, where to step up dry. One part of the special circumstances, other parts do not know, and only until the question arises, can be returned to all systems and then change one by one.
In parenthesis, Luo hammer phones are giving birth, because in the design, production staff did not understand the situation in real time, it found that the actual production of the original cattle X design will lead to low yields, can only go back to re-design . So that each product have to change to change, so a line of industrial products from design to production, often use the time in 2012.
Of course, such a thing is not the first day of existence, since before the industrial age, the product life cycle is very long, the author's old club, a Siemens drive models can sell three decades, this line a couple of years of research and development time it does not seem so long, the rest of the problem, relying on artificial communication, although wrong, we do all live in peace.
However, the terrible wolf finally came.
This two wolves, one called excess capacity, one called the Internet.
Global overcapacity, leading to more intense competition among enterprises, a product sold in the past three decades the practice has to die, you run faster, some are faster. Luo hammer phone line at night only a few months, went from a long-awaited explosion models become outdated goods smelly streets of the product life cycle is greatly shortened.
Internet era, to shake the foundation of a great industrial age, information asymmetry. Industrial era, since a low-cost manufacturer can not understand each client's needs, so often used one size fits all approach is to demand to do more performance combined together into a product.
For example, you want a pair of shoes for your feet, shoe is impossible to know how much your feet, so a lot of people can only be measured after the feet, the most concentrated into a size No. 40, No. 41, No. 42 and so on, but if your feet partial fat or slim, I'm sorry, I will not wait.
The Internet has changed this situation, people, people and companies can achieve cost-connected, so that each person's individual needs to be enlarged, more and more people like to personalize things. But the demand for personalized stuff is not so great, which requires industrial companies to achieve rapid production of small quantities.
This two wolves, forcing traditional industries have to do one thing, an industrial society does not love to do the most, it is the rapid, low-volume, customized production.
This time, you seem to do the preparatory work, is the first to evolve as industry 3.0 3.X, so-called industrial 3.X, in fact, is the first ERP and MES systems and so forth completely open, so that the plant had all the information silos to achieve connectivity . This time, went from complete automation and information section, enter the fully automated and complete information, which is 3.0 Dzogchen industrial stage.
Do not underestimate this process, alone this one, maybe we Chinese will take a decade or longer to complete.
Well, in front of all reality, after 3.0 Dzogchen, we will begin to burn brain science fiction journey, we finally impact the industry 4.0. This process, 3.0, and full automation and information to start doing one thing, marriage, children.
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This process, called Industry 4.0 Germany, the United States called the Internet industry, we call it the Ministry of integration of the two, things are brain residual powder called it all interconnected.
Here I have to say about all of the objects, if you need the Internet to communicate, there is a problem, say what language? He speaks English, German, or Sichuan dialect?
What communication protocol is that this is a key issue. You might say, why not now Internet communication, that is, TC / PIP protocols, this is a technical issue, you can not give this explanation to understand white (in fact, I was once a half-baked automation engineer nor how too understand). Simply put, Internet communication, speed is too slow, not enough accuracy, security or not. The industrial production, the requirements for speed, accuracy and security, much higher than you download a movie requirements.
So all things Internet, must require a special communication protocol.
This is also the German Industry 4.0, the US Internet industry, and China's manufacturing integration of the two 2025 China, the core issue behind these fashionable term, we fight in this communication standard. US Internet world, so the Americans want to drop from the information layer dimension to the automation layer; while Germany's machinery manufacturing the strongest, so he would prefer upgraded from the automation layer to the information layer; China Well, first manufacturing big country, the Internet's second power, so do not want either side intends to put forward their own Internet +, also known as Made in China 2025.
By convention comprehension for the novel, each state should be divided into a small state, to highlight the differences and Niubi, I follow this method, the Industry 4.0 is also divided into six heavy days.
Industry 4.0 first heaven, intelligent production.
Before we said, production equipment and management information systems are each connected together and also connected between the equipment and information systems. Do not you feel something missing? Yes, that is the production of raw materials and production equipment are not connected.
This time, we need a thing called RFID, radio frequency identification technology. Guess you do not understand, in simple terms, this stuff is equivalent to a two-dimensional code, you can own some of the information, he cross cattle than the two-dimensional code of the place, that he may be wireless communication.
I was to describe a scene, Pepsi production workshop, a production line in a row over the three bottles, each bottle comes with a two-dimensional code, which recorded This is for John Doe and the king two pock custom Coke.
The first came when filling a bottle, the controller tells the control room through wireless communications two-dimensional code that sweet little like Joe Smith, put the sugar, then the controller told the filling robot, "plus two pounds of sugar! "(Joe Smith Tough luck ......).
The second bottle over, said John Doe diabetes, do not sugar, the controller told the robot, "that the goods do not sugar!"
The third bottle over and said to the king, Asako is Fanta, Coke controlled told irrigation manipulator "you Xie Hui", and then tell Fanta irrigation robot, "Come up!"
see, more variety, small batch, custom manufacturing, filling every Coke from your online orders at the moment, he is customized for you, and all his properties are in line with your preferences.
This is intelligent production.
Industry 4.0 second heaven, intelligent products.
Intelligent production process, then as a finished industrial products, it can also intelligent, this is not difficult to understand, you see what a smart bracelet, smart bike, running shoes and so smart intelligent hardware is this idea. The product is used as a data collection terminal, continue to collect user data and upload it to the cloud to go, user-friendly management.
One of Germany and the United States Industry 4.0 Industry and the Internet core differences is the first intelligent plant dry, or to engage in intelligent products. Germany wants the former, the United States wants the latter. As for China, we do add, or add the good stuff, positive plus add-back will do.
Industry 4.0 third heaven, production and service oriented.
Just said, intelligent products will continue to collect user data and status, and upload it to the manufacturer, this would make a new business model possible, to service charges. I was many years ago, when Siemens, Siemens proposed to charge to the service, then I think this is a German guy racking our brains to come out silly × decision, but now I understand that this is several years ago has begun industrial 4.0 production of the layout. What is your impression of Siemens? refrigerator? You were fools, all these years, Siemens has quietly acquired a number of well-known software company, SAP has become second only to Europe's second largest software company.
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这个服务是什么呢？比如西门子生产一台高铁的牵引电机，以往就是直接卖一台电机而已，现在这台电机在运行过程中，会不断的把数据传回给西门子的工厂，这样西门子就知道你的电机现在的运行状况，以及什么时候需要检修了。高铁厂商以往是怎么做的？一刀切，定一个时间，到时间了不管该不该修都去修一下，更我们汽车保养没什么差别。现在西门子可以告诉你什么时候需要修什么时候需要养护，你要想知道，对不起，给钱。
再举个例子，智能产品实现后，每一辆汽车都会不断地采集周边的数据，来决定自己的行驶路线，整个运输系统会完全服务化，任何人都不需要再买车，有一天也许自己开车会成为严重的违法行为，因为设备是智能的，而人确是不可控的。
在这个阶段，所有的生产厂商都会向服务商转型。
工业4.0第四重天，云工厂。
当工厂的两化融合进一步深入的时候，另一种新的商业模式就有要孕育而生了，这就是云工厂。
工厂里的设备现在也是智能的了，他们也在不断地采集自己的数据上传到工业互联网上，此时我们就可以看到，哪些工厂的哪些生产线正在满负荷运转，哪些是有空闲的。那么这些存在空闲的工厂，就可以出卖自己的生产能力，为其他需要的人去进行生产。
互联网行业为什么发展的这么快，就是因为创业者只需要专注于产品和模式创新，不需要自己去买一个服务器，而是直接租用云端的服务就行了。而目前工业的创业者，还是要不断地纠结于找OEM代工还是自建工厂中，这个极大地限制了工业领域的创新。当云工厂实现的时候，我预言中国的工业领域将出现一个比互联网大百倍以上的创新和创业浪潮，那个时候这个社会的一切都将被深刻的改变。
工业4.0第五重天，跨界打击。
Internet industry every day said dimensionality reduction against traditional industries, what Google Alibaba music as millet, but I tell you, when heavy industry 4.0 into the fifth day, industrial enterprises in the fight against cross-border Internet companies than those violent times. This process will fundamentally shake the foundations of modern economics and management, the reconstruction of the entire business community.
For example, a production of watches manufacturers, the table close to your body every day, your body collect the data, the data for the watch manufacturer perhaps futile, but for the insurance company is a treasury, at this time, the watch manufacturer transformed, can become the best insurance companies.
When the depth of automation and information integration, cross-border competition will become the norm, all of the business model will be remodeling.
Industry 4.0 Dzogchen, The Matrix.
4.0 entire industrial process is the process of continuous integration of automation and information technology, as well as the process of redefining the world of software.
In the future, the multiverse will become a reality in the virtual world, a world of reality corresponding countless virtual world. Changes in the real world, the virtual world will change; change the virtual world and the real world will change. Everything the data is based on precise control of them, the majority of human physical and mental will be replaced by machines and artificial intelligence, all principles of economics will no longer current trial.
But there are some things that will not change, I believe.
Human love, responsibility, courage, freedom and longing for the future, and the never-ending struggle.
Endless. (Editor: Ma County HN022)
The above article from the network, because it niche, being engaged (IOT Industry 4.0 Software Development) to share ah!