Package and log log
Use package
Official website explained
Packages are a way of structuring Python's module namespace by using "dotted module names"
package by using a 'module name' python modules organized manner namespace.
Specifically: a package that contains the __init__.py file folder, so in fact our purpose is to create a package with the file folder / modules organized
It is emphasized that:
- In python3 in, even if no package __init__.py file, import the package is still not being given, but in python2, the next package must have the file, or import the package error
The purpose is not to create a package to run, but was introduced into use, remember, is only one form of bag module only, the package is a modular nature
import
# 第一类: 执行文件 通过 import 导入包以及包内的功能 # 创建一个aaa的包,自行创建一个__init__py文件 # 回忆 :创建一个tbjx模块发生的三件事: ''' 1. 将该tbjx文件加载到内存. 2. 创建一个以tbjx命名的名称空间. 3. 通过tbjx. 的方式引用tbjx模块的所有的名字. ''' # 创建一个包,也会发生三件事: ''' 1. 将该aaa包内 __init__py文件加载到内存. 2. 创建一个以aaa命名的名称空间. 3. 通过aaa. 的方式引用__init__的所有的名字. ''' import aaa # print(aaa.x) # aaa.f1() # print(aaa.m1) # print(aaa.m1.a) # 我想要引用 aaa包的m1文件的a变量 # 错误示例1: import aaa # 1. aaa的 __init__ 里面 写import m1 # 2. print(aaa.m1.a) # print(aaa.m1.a) # 报错原因: No module named 'm1' # 分析报错原因: 模块找不到 内存,内置,sys.path三个地方找不到. # m1 不在内存,不在内置,sys.path 会主动加载执行文件(包的使用.py)的当前目录. # 解决方式: import aaa # 1. 在执行文件写入 import aaa # 2. aaa的 __init__ 里面 写 from aaa import m1 # 3. 然后在执行文件 aaa.m1.a # print(aaa.m1.a) # aaa.m1.func1() import aaa # 如何在当前文件中,引用 aaa包的bbb包. # 1. 在执行文件写入 import aaa # 2. aaa的 __init__ 里面 写 from aaa import bbb # 3. 然后在执行文件 aaa.bbb # print(aaa.bbb) # 如何在当前文件中,引用 aaa包的bbb包 的 变量 name. # 1. 在执行文件写入 import aaa # 2. aaa的 __init__ 里面 写 from aaa import bbb # 3. 然后在执行文件 aaa.bbb # print(aaa.bbb) import aaa # print(aaa.bbb.name) # 如何在当前文件中,引用 aaa包的bbb包 的 mb文件的函数func. # 1. 在执行文件写入 import aaa # 2. 在aaa包的__Init__ 写上 from aaa import bbb (这样写 bbb包的__init__里面所有的名字都能引用) # print(aaa.bbb.name) # 3. 在bbb包的__Init__ 写上 from aaa.bbb import mb # aaa.bbb.mb.func3() # 首先 无论从哪里引用模块,import 或者 from ... import ... # 最开始的模块或者包名一定是内存,内置,sys.path中能找到的.(可参考bbb包中的 __init__) # 直接import 为了让我们会使用 包里面的 __init__ 第二类: 执行文件 通过 from ... import... 导入包以及包内的功能from ... import ...
# from ... import ... # 通过这种方式不用设置__init__文件 # from aaa import m1 # m1.func() # from aaa.bbb.m2 import func1 # func1() # from aaa.bbb import m2 # m2.func1() # from a.b.c import d.e.f # c的. 的前面一定是包 # import 的后面一定是名字,并且不能 再有点 # from aaa.bbb.m2.func1 import a # 错误的 # from aaa.bbb import m2 # m2.func1() import jsonRelative and absolute Import Import
Our top package glance was written by someone else, and then there will be demand for imported between each other in mutual glance inside the package, this time there is an absolute and relative import import in two ways:
Absolute imports: the glance as a starting
Introducing relative: .. manner or with most start (only in a package, it can not be used within different directories).
For example: We want to import glance / cmd / manage.py at glance / api / version.py in
在glance/api/version.py #绝对导入 from glance.cmd import manage manage.main() #相对导入 from ..cmd import manage manage.main()And means packet included in the packet is intended to be introduced, rather than being directly executed. The environment variables are subject to execution of a file
For example, we want to import glance / api / policy.py at glance / api / versions.py, some students maybe a pumping module is in the same directory, very happy to do it, do it directly
#在version.py中 import policy policy.get()Yes, we run a separate version.py is not a little problem, run version.py the search path is the current path from the beginning, it was able to find in the import policy in the current directory
But you think, ah, you version.py sub-module package is likely to be imported into other documents a glance package at the same level, such as a test.py that we file under the same level of import version.py glance, as follows
from glance.api import versions ''' 执行结果: ImportError: No module named 'policy' ''' ''' 分析: 此时我们导入versions在versions.py中执行 import policy需要找从sys.path也就是从当前目录找policy.py, 这必然是找不到的 '''Absolute and relative imports import summary
绝对导入与相对导入 # 绝对导入: 以执行文件的sys.path为起始点开始导入,称之为绝对导入 # 优点: 执行文件与被导入的模块中都可以使用 # 缺点: 所有导入都是以sys.path为起始点,导入麻烦 # 相对导入: 参照当前所在文件的文件夹为起始开始查找,称之为相对导入 # 符号: .代表当前所在文件的文件加,..代表上一级文件夹,...代表上一级的上一级文件夹 # 优点: 导入更加简单 # 缺点: 只能在导入包中的模块时才能使用 #注意: 1. 相对导入只能用于包内部模块之间的相互导入,导入者与被导入者都必须存在于一个包内 2. attempted relative import beyond top-level package # 试图在顶级包之外使用相对导入是错误的,言外之意,必须在顶级包内使用相对导入,每增加一个.代表跳到上一级文件夹,而上一级不应该超出顶级包
Logbook is divided into four categories:
- System Log: record important information server: Some indicators monitoring system, cpu temperature, flow rate of the card, it is important hardware, operation and maintenance personnel often use, operation and maintenance personnel to record some instructions operate.
- Web logs: access exception, Caton, the site of some sectors, popularity, traffic, click-through rate and so on, and so the number of spiders crawling.
- Supporting the development log: developers in a development project, troubleshoot using the log, exclude some unavoidable errors (record), supporting development.
- Users log record information: the user's spending habits, news preferences, and so on (database solutions).
Log module
旗舰版日志
"""
logging配置
"""
import logging.config
# 定义三种日志输出格式 开始
standard_format = '[%(asctime)s][%(threadName)s:%(thread)d][task_id:%(name)s][%(filename)s:%(lineno)d]' \
'[%(levelname)s][%(message)s]' #其中name为getlogger指定的名字
simple_format = '[%(levelname)s][%(asctime)s][%(filename)s:%(lineno)d]%(message)s'
id_simple_format = '[%(levelname)s][%(asctime)s] %(message)s'
# 定义日志输出格式 结束
logfile_name = 'login.log' # log文件名
logfile_path_staff = r'E:\老男孩学习\JiaoXueJiHua\day19\day19\日志模块\staff.log'
logfile_path_boss = r'E:\老男孩学习\JiaoXueJiHua\day19\day19\日志模块\boss.log'
logfile_path_login = r'E:\老男孩学习\JiaoXueJiHua\day19\day19\日志模块\login.log'
# log配置字典
# LOGGING_DIC第一层的所有的键不能改变
LOGGING_DIC = {
'version': 1, # 版本号
'disable_existing_loggers': False, # 固定写法
'formatters': {
'standard': {
'format': standard_format
},
'simple': {
'format': simple_format
},
'id_simple':{
'format': id_simple_format
}
},
'filters': {},#过滤
'handlers': {
#打印到终端的日志
'sh': {
'level': 'DEBUG',
'class': 'logging.StreamHandler', # 打印到屏幕
'formatter': 'id_simple'
},
#打印到文件的日志,收集info及以上的日志
'fh': {
'level': 'DEBUG',
'class': 'logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler', # 保存到文件
'formatter': 'standard',
'filename': logfile_path_staff, # 日志文件
'maxBytes': 5000, # 日志大小 5M
'backupCount': 5,
'encoding': 'utf-8', # 日志文件的编码，再也不用担心中文log乱码了
},
'boss':
{
'level': 'DEBUG',
'class': 'logging.handlers.RotatingFileHandler', # 保存到文件
'formatter': 'id_simple',
'filename': logfile_path_boss, # 日志文件
'maxBytes': 5000, # 日志大小 5M
'backupCount': 5,
'encoding': 'utf-8', # 日志文件的编码，再也不用担心中文log乱码了
},
},
'loggers': {
#logging.getLogger(__name__)拿到的logger配置
'': {
'handlers': ['sh', 'fh', 'boss'], # 这里把上面定义的两个handler都加上，即log数据既写入文件又打印到屏幕
'level': 'DEBUG',
'propagate': True, # 向上（更高level的logger）传递
},
},
}
def md_logger():
logging.config.dictConfig(LOGGING_DIC) # 导入上面定义的logging配置
logger = logging.getLogger("login.log") # 生成一个log实例
return logger
logger.debug('It works!') # 记录该文件的运行状态
dic = {
'username': '小黑'
}
def login():
# print('登陆成功')
md_logger().info(f"{dic['username']}登陆成功")
#
# def aricle():
# print('欢迎访问文章页面')
login()
# aricle()
Low version (file and screen input only choose one)
# import logging
# logging.basicConfig(
# level=logging.DEBUG,
# )
# # logging.debug('debug message')
# # logging.info('info message')
# # logging.warning('warning message')
# # logging.error('error message')
# # logging.critical('critical message')
# 应用:
# def func():
# print('in func')
# logging.debug('正常执行')
# func()
# try:
# i = input('请输入选项:')
# int(i)
# except Exception as e:
# logging.error(e)
# print(11)
# low版的日志:缺点: 文件与屏幕输入只能选择一个.
import logging
logging.basicConfig(
# level=logging.DEBUG,
level=30,
format='%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s',
filename=r'test.log',
)
# logging.debug('调试模式') # 10
# logging.info('正常模式') # 20
logging.warning('警告信息') # 30
# logging.error('错误信息') # 40
# logging.critical('严重错误信息') # 50Standard Edition log (file and screen)
# import logging
#
# # 创建一个logging对象
# logger = logging.getLogger()
#
# # 创建一个文件对象
# fh = logging.FileHandler('标配版.log', encoding='utf-8')
#
# # 创建一个屏幕对象
# sh = logging.StreamHandler()
#
# # 配置显示格式
# formatter1 = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s %(filename)s[line:%(lineno)d] %(levelname)s %(message)s')
# formatter2 = logging.Formatter('%(asctime)s %(message)s')
# fh.setFormatter(formatter1)
# sh.setFormatter(formatter2)
#
# logger.addHandler(fh)
# logger.addHandler(sh)
#
# # 总开关
# logger.setLevel(10)
#
# fh.setLevel(10)
# sh.setLevel(40)
#
# logging.debug('调试模式') # 10
# logging.info('正常模式') # 20
# logging.warning('警告信息') # 30
# logging.error('错误信息') # 40
# logging.critical('严重错误信息') # 50